MODES OF TRANSMISSION AND SYMPTOMS OF FARM ANIMAL DISEASES
Subject : Agricultural Science
Term : Second Term
Class : JSS 2
Week 4
Topic :
MODES OF TRANSMISSION AND SYMPTOMS OF FARM ANIMAL DISEASES
CONTENT
- Mode of Transmission of Disease Causing Organisms
- Types of Diseases based on Mode of Transmission
- Farm Animal Diseases/Symptoms of Farm Animal Diseases/Mode of Transmission (Tabulated)
Mode of Transmission of Disease Causing Organisms
The following are the mode of transmission of farm animals diseases from one animal to the other.
- Airborne
- Animal carriers e.g visitors, attendants etc.
- Direct contact with infected animals
- Insect vectors – tsetse flies, etc.
- Contact with Droppings of infected animals
- Contaminated feeds and water
- Contact with infected animals
- Vectors e.g. tick, tse-tseflies.
- Contaminated Feeding or water troughs.
- Through nasal and oral discharges of the sick animals
Types of Diseases based on Mode of Transmission
Diseases of livestock could be any of the following:
- Infectious disease
- Contagious disease
- Diseases Transmitted from Animals to Humans
Infectious Disease
Infectious disease affects animals without physical contact with the infected animals. It can be transmitted to healthy animals through water, air, or feeds. eg Anthrax, Coccidiosis, and Fowl typhoid.
Contagious Disease
Contagious disease affect animals when there is physical contact with the infected animals.eg Contagious abortion (brucellosis), Foot and mouth, and Mastitis.
Diseases Transmitted from Animals to Humans
Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are termed zoonotic diseases, e.g. Bird flu and Swine fever. It could cause death if not treated properly.
Farm Animal Diseases/Symptoms of Farm Animal Diseases/Mode of Transmission
The table below shows the name of disease, the causative organism, the animals affected, symptoms, mode of spread and control measures.
| S/n | Name of Disease | Causative organisms | Animals Affected | Symptoms | Mode of spread | Control measures | |
| 1. | Mastitis | Bacteria | Cattle, sheep, goat, pig | The udder becomes swollen, reddened and painful | Water, food, injuries on the udder, milking, marching | Good hygiene, get rid of flies, disinfect milking marching | |
| 2. | Contagious abortion | Cattle, sheep, goats, pigs | Irritation, catarrhal condition in the womb | Servicing by infected bull, flies, contaminated pasture | Vaccination, contact vet. Doctor. | ||
| 3. | Anthrax | Cattle, sheep, goats | – Blood stained discharges from mouth or nostril – death – swelling in the neck | Contact with infected animals & their products | Vaccination, disinfect pens, burn or burry dead animals. | ||
| 4. | Tuberculosis | Cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, pigs | Persistent cough, emaciation, death | Contact with discharge or sputum of infected animals | No treatment. Kill and burry infected animals. Vaccination | ||
| 5. | Fowl typhoid | Poultry | -Dullness, -yellowish discharges | Contact with infected birds | Vaccination, proper sanitation | ||
| 6. | Foot & mouth | Virus | Cattle, sheep, goats | Sores on the feet, lips, foaming, lameness | Contact with infected animals | Vaccination & isolation | |
| 7. | Rinderpest (cattle plague) | Cattle, sheep, goats | Blood stained diarrhea, grind of teeth, difficult breathing | Contact with infected animals and food | No treatment, kill and burry infected animals. Vaccination | ||
| 8. | New castle disease | Poultry | Neck twisting, difficulty in breathing, greenish droppings, soft egg shell | Contact with droppings, and nasal discharge | Good sanitation, vaccination with NDC vaccine | ||
| 9. | Fowl Pox | Poultry | Blisters on comb and wattle | Contact with infected animal, by biting insects | Vaccination, Cull infected birds. | ||
| 10. | Swine Fever | Pigs | Fever | Entire body | Vaccination | ||
| 11. | Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) | Virus/ Bacteria | Poultry | Difficulty in breathing, nasal discharge, loss in weight | Contact with infected nasal discharge | Good sanitation, avoid the use of sawdust. | |
| 12. | Ring worm | Fungus | All animals & birds | Lesions or scab on the skin, falling off of hair, grey patches on wattle and combs of birds | Contact with infected birds | Treat with iodine, good sanitation, isolate infected birds | |
| 13. | Scabies | Cattle, goats, sheep | Itchy little lumps in the body, sores with pus, fever | Contact with infected animals and beddings | Good sanitation, dip animals into lindane solution | ||
| 14. | Trypanosomiasis | Protozoa | Cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs | Weakness, hair on tail pull off, loss of condition Blood stained watery droppings, ruffled feathers, loss of weight, death. | Through tsetse flies’ bite | Treat with trypanosomide drug, clear bushes around pen, kill flies with chemical | |
| 15. | Coccidiosis | Protozoa | Poultry, rabbits | Contact with contaminated feed and water | Good sanitation, treat with coccidiostats e.g. Sulphamethazone | ||
Nutritional Deficiency Diseases
| S/n | Diseases | Livestock | Cause | Symptoms | Control | |
| 1. | Bloat | Cattle, sheep, goats | Feeding on succulent pasture | Swollen stomach Difficult breathing | Avoid succulent feed. Puncture the rumen | |
| 2. | Osteomalacia | All domestic animals | Deficiency of calcium | Weak bones | Feed with rich calcium and phosphorus | |
| 3. | Rickets | All domestic animals | Calcium deficiency | Weak bones | Add and phosphorus to feed | |
| 4. | Anemia | All domestic animals | Deficiency of Iron (Fe) | Insufficient blood | Addition of iron complex to feed | |
| 5. | Night blindness | All domestic animals | Lack of vit. A | Inability to see clearly in dim light | Feed with yellow maize | |
EVALUATION
- List four modes of transmission of disease causing organisms
- Differentiate between contagious disease and infectious disease and give two examples of each of them.
- What are zoonotic diseases?
- Name the pathogens that caused the following diseases: (i) Trypanosomiasis (ii) Ring worm (iii) Swine fever (iv) Tuberculosis
- Copy and complete the table below:
| Name of Disease | Causative Organisms | Animals Affected | Symptoms | Mode of Spread | Control Measures | |
| Mastitis | 2 | The udder becomes swollen, reddened and painful | 4 | Good hygiene, get rid of flies, disinfect milking marching | ||
| 1 | 3 | Blisters on comb and wattle | Contact with infected animal, by biting insects | 5 | ||
Here’s a table outlining 10 common animal diseases, including the names of the diseases, the animals affected, mode of transmission, symptoms, treatment, and prevention methods:
| Disease Name | Animal Affected | Mode of Transmission | Symptoms | Treatment | Prevention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Newcastle Disease | Poultry | Direct contact with infected birds | Respiratory distress, diarrhea, paralysis | Vaccination, supportive care | Vaccination, biosecurity measures |
| Foot-and-Mouth | Cattle, Pigs | Contact with infected animals or items | Fever, blister-like sores on mouth/feet | Symptomatic treatment, vaccination | Quarantine, vaccination, hygiene |
| Rabies | Mammals | Bite or scratch from infected animal | Behavioral changes, paralysis, foaming | Vaccination, wound cleansing | Vaccination, avoiding contact with bats |
| Avian Influenza | Birds | Direct contact with infected birds | Respiratory distress, reduced egg laying | Quarantine, culling, disinfection | Biosecurity measures, vaccination |
| Bovine Tuberculosis | Cattle | Inhalation or ingestion of bacteria | Chronic cough, weight loss, decreased milk | Antibiotics, culling (in severe cases) | Testing, quarantine, vaccination |
| Brucellosis | Cattle, Pigs, Dogs | Consumption of contaminated products | Fever, joint pain, infertility | Antibiotics, culling (in severe cases) | Testing, vaccination, hygiene practices |
| Anthrax | Cattle, Sheep, Goats | Ingestion of spores or infected carcasses | Fever, severe bleeding, death | Antibiotics, vaccination | Vaccination, carcass disposal |
| Parvovirus | Dogs | Direct contact with infected animals | Vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration | Supportive care, vaccination | Vaccination, hygiene practices |
| Equine Influenza | Horses | Inhalation of respiratory droplets | Coughing, nasal discharge, fever | Rest, supportive care, isolation | Vaccination, quarantine, hygiene |
| Mastitis | Cows | Bacteria entering the udder | Swollen udder, abnormal milk, fever | Antibiotics, milking hygiene | Hygiene practices, regular health checks |
Please note that this table is for illustrative purposes only, and it’s important to consult official veterinary sources or textbooks for the most accurate and up-to-date information on animal diseases and their management
[mediator_tech]
1. ___________ is a highly contagious viral disease that affects poultry, causing respiratory distress, diarrhea, and paralysis.
a) Rabies
b) Newcastle Disease
c) Foot-and-Mouth Disease
d) Avian Influenza
2. Foot-and-Mouth Disease primarily affects ___________ and ___________.
a) Cattle, Dogs
b) Pigs, Cats
c) Sheep, Horses
d) Cattle, Pigs
3. Rabies is transmitted to animals through ___________.
a) Inhalation of bacteria
b) Bite or scratch from infected animal
c) Direct contact with infected birds
d) Consuming contaminated products
4. Avian Influenza is characterized by ___________ distress and reduced egg laying in birds.
a) Respiratory
b) Gastrointestinal
c) Neurological
d) Musculoskeletal
5. Bovine Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted to cattle through ___________ or ___________ of the bacteria.
a) Inhalation, ingestion
b) Bite, scratch
c) Direct contact, contaminated products
d) Consumption, contact
6. ___________ is a bacterial disease that causes fever, joint pain, and infertility in animals such as cattle, pigs, and dogs.
a) Brucellosis
b) Anthrax
c) Mastitis
d) Parvovirus
7. Anthrax is transmitted to animals through ___________ or by consuming ___________.
a) Inhalation of respiratory droplets, infected carcasses
b) Bite or scratch, contaminated products
c) Direct contact with infected birds, contaminated water
d) Ingestion of spores, infected carcasses
8. Parvovirus primarily affects ___________ and is transmitted through ___________.
a) Cows, inhalation of respiratory droplets
b) Pigs, direct contact with infected animals
c) Dogs, direct contact with infected animals
d) Horses, consumption of contaminated products
9. Equine Influenza is a viral disease that primarily affects ___________ and is transmitted through ___________.
a) Dogs, ingestion of spores
b) Horses, inhalation of respiratory droplets
c) Cattle, direct contact with infected animals
d) Birds, consumption of contaminated products
10. Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder primarily affecting ___________ and can be treated with ___________.
a) Dogs, antibiotics
b) Cows, supportive care
c) Horses, rest and isolation
d) Sheep, culling and vaccination
Please note that the correct answers are as follows:
1. b) Newcastle Disease
2. d) Cattle, Pigs
3. b) Bite or scratch from infected animal
4. a) Respiratory
5. a) Inhalation, ingestion
6. a) Brucellosis
7. d) Ingestion of spores, infected carcasses
8. c) Dogs, direct contact with infected animals
9. b) Horses, inhalation of respiratory droplets
10. b) Cows, supportive care
[mediator_tech]
Evaluation Questions:
- What is the name of the disease that primarily affects poultry and causes respiratory distress, diarrhea, and paralysis?
- Which animals are primarily affected by Foot-and-Mouth Disease?
- How is Rabies transmitted to animals?
- What are the symptoms of Avian Influenza in birds?
- How is Bovine Tuberculosis primarily transmitted to cattle?
- Name a bacterial disease that causes fever, joint pain, and infertility in cattle, pigs, and dogs.
- How is Anthrax transmitted to animals?
- Which animal is primarily affected by Parvovirus, and how is it transmitted?
- What is the primary animal affected by Equine Influenza, and how is it transmitted?
- Which animal commonly suffers from Mastitis, and what is the recommended treatment?