Classification of crops (based on uses) CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS BASED ON SOURCE OF FOOD NUTRIENTS
SECOND TERM
LEARNING NOTES
JSS 1
SUBJECT: AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
CLASS: JSS 1 (BASIC 7)
SCHEME OF WORK
Subject :
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
Term :
SECOND TERM
Week:
WEEK 2
Class :
JSS 1 (BASIC 7)
Previous lesson :
The pupils have previous knowledge of
Classification of crops based on the life cycle
during their last lesson
Topic :
Classification of crops (based on uses)
CLASSIFICATION OF CROPS BASED ON SOURCE OF FOOD NUTRIENTS
Behavioural objectives :
At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
- .say the various classification of crops that is based on their uses
- say other uses of crops like they are used as food
- give examples of crops that are used as oil or latex or rubber
Instructional Materials :
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
Methods of Teaching :
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
Reference Materials :
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
- Workbooks
Content :
WEEK: 2
TOPIC: Classification of crops (based on uses):
(a) Food and Feed crops
(b) Industrial crops: Oil, Spices, Latex, Beverages, Fibre ,etc
Content:
(i) Classification of crops based on food and feed crops
(ii) Classification of crops based on industrial crops.
Sub-Topic 1: Food and Feed Crops.
These are crops used as food for man and his livestock. Some of these crops are sources of essential nutrients, e.g carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, etc . FOOD and FEED crops are grouped as follow :
CEREAL CROPS: These crops belong to the grass family called Gramineae. They are grown for their seeds or grains and are rich in carbohydrates.
Examples are Rice, Millet, Rye, Maize, Sorghum (Guinea corn), wheat, Barley, Oats etc.
GRAIN LEGUMES (PULSES): The legumes or peas belongs to the family called LEGUMINOSEAE. They supply proteins in the food . Legumes have some bacteria in their roots’ nodules that fix nitrogen into the soil .
Examples are Cowpea, Soya-beans, Groundnuts, Pigeon-peas, lima beans, Clover, etc.
VEGETABLE CROPS: These are crops grown for their leaves and fruits. They are usually eaten fresh and green or boiled. They supply proteins, vitamins , minerals and also serve as roughage.
Examples are Okra, Tomatoes, pumpkin ( Ugu) Water-leaf, Lettuce, Cabbage, Cucumber, Onion, Bitter-leaf, Amaranthus, etc .
ROOT AND TUBER CROPS: These are crops that store food in underground stems or roots. They are major source of carbohydrates.
Examples are Cocoyam, Cassava, Sweet potato, Yam and Irish-potato.
Fruit crops: They grown mainly because of their fruits which supply vitamins and sugar to the body.
Examples include mango, quava, orange, pineapple, pawpaw, banana, cashew etc
Sugar crops: These are crops that supply sugar to the body. Example is Sugar cane
Beverage crops: They are crops that are grown for beverage drinks( e.g. bourvita, tea, coffee) . Examples are cocoa, coffee and tea.
Oil crops: They are crops that are grown for vegetable oil used for cooking, making pomade, candle, margarine.
Examples are oil palm, groundnut, coconut, melon, cheese butter
Spices: These are crops that are used to flavor food. Examples are ginger, onion, pepper , thyme, curry, locust beans
FORAGE CROPS: These are grasses and legumes grown mainly for feeding farm animals. They are otherwise called feed crops.
Examples of forage crops are Elephant grass, Guinea grass, Centrosema, Gamba grass, Pueraria, Stylosanthes gracilis.
EVALUATION:
- Highlight four food and feed crops with two examples for each.
- Name five forage crops.
Sources of Food Nutrients
Crops can also be grouped based on the class of nutrient derived from them.
Table showing classification of crops based on nutrients, their sources and functions
| Nutrient or food value | Sources (plant) | Functions | |
| Carbohydrates | The main sources: i. Cereals: e.g. maize, rice, millet etc. ii. Root and tubers: e.g. cassava, yam, sweet potato, (Corm e.g. cocoyam) Others include: iii. Fruits e.g plantain, banana, sugarcane iv. Roughages e.g forages in forms of hay, silage and soilage. v. Agro-industrial by-products e.g molasses (remnant of sugar cane after removing the juice), Brewer’s Dry Grains (BDG), rice bran, wheat offal etc. | Supplies heat and energy for vital life processes and activities. | |
| Protein | Legume seeds like groundnut, cowpea, soya-bean. Fatty seeds like cotton, sun-flower, breadfruit. | 1. For growth and repair of worn-out tissues. 2. Excess protein is used for energy and heat production or may be transformed to fat. | |
| Fats and oil | Oil seeds like groundnut, cotton seed, coconut, oil palm, soya beans | 1. Provides heat and energy. 2. Improve appearance and palatability of food. | |
| Minerals e.g calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine etc. | Leafy plants like telfaria, amaranthus Fruits, vegetables e.g. okra, garden eggs, etc. | 1. Calcium and phosphorus are required for strong bones and teeth. 2. Iron is a component of blood haemoglobin. 3. Many others help in body maintenance, respiration, elasticity and irritability of muscles. | |
| Vitamins A | Green vegetables like cabbage, lettuce etc. Palm oil, carrot, tomato, mango. | For growth, reproduction and promotion of vision. | |
| Vitamins B(complex) | Vegetables. Brans and embryo of cereal and legume crops, maize, rice, cowpea etc. | They maintain health and chemical reactions in the body. | |
| Vitamins | Fresh fruits and fresh vegetables e.g. citrus, pawpaw, telfaria, amaranthus etc. | Guards the body against infections, promotes healing of wounds and keeps blood vessels healthy. | |
| Vitamins D(Sunlight vit.) | Sunlight and animal products | Promotes the function of calcium and phosphorus in forming strong bones and teeth | |
| Vitamins E (Fat soluble) | Cereal and grain legumes e.g. groundnut, cotton seed, soya-beans, oil, green vegetables | Helps reproduction. | |
| Vitamins K ( Fat soluble) | Cereals, green leafy vegetables, millet, wheat, pumpkin, etc. | Assists in blood clotting. |
EVALUATION
Give two examples each of the crops that provide the following essential nutrients.
(a) Proteins (b) Vitamins (c) Fats and oils (d) Carbohydrates
Sub-Topic 2: Industrial crops
Industrial crops are used in the manufacture of various useful items . These include
FIBRE CROPS: These are crops grown specifically for their fibres. Fibres are used for making clothes, Carpets, Sacks, Ropes, Twines and Papers. They may be produced from Fruits or Seeds , Stems or Leaves. Examples are Cotton, Jute, Kenaf, Hemp, Sisal, Raffia, etc.
NUT CROPS: They grown mainly for their oil. Examples are cashew, coconut , groundnut
LATEX CROPS: These are crops whose stems or fruits produce Sap(fluid) which may be used as gum or coagulated to form rubber.
Examples are Gum Arabia ,Para-Rubber(Hevea brasiliensis), Indian- Rubber(Ficus elastic).
DRUG CROPS AND STIMILANTS: These are medicinal plants which contain chemical substances that produce an action in the human body. Examples are Tobacco, Cocaine, Quinine, Eucalyptus, Neem tree, Indian hemp or Marijuana Dongoyaro etc. Examples of stimulants are Kola, Lime, The active material is usually present in their Roots, Seeds, Leaves, Barks, Woods, etc.
ORNAMENTAL CROPS: These are crops grown for the purpose of making our environment beautiful. They include Flowers, House Plants, Hedge Shrubs and Lawn grasses. Examples are Roses, Sunflower, Pride of Barbados, Acacia, Ixora, Hibiscus, Marigold, Lily, and some water plants.
Presentation
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1:
The class teacher revises the previous topics
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise
Conclusion
The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.
The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.
He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.
EVALUATION:
- What are industrial crops?
- List four industrial crops with three examples for each
REFERENCE TEXTS
- Junior Secondary Agriculture For Nigerian Schools By Anthony Youdeowei et al
- Intensive Agricultural science For JSS 1-3 By E . U Okaro
- Essentials Of Agricultural Science For JSS And Colleges By Earnest Chukwudi