THIRD TERM 

LEARNING NOTES

JSS 1

SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES

CLASS: JSS 1 (BASIC 7)

SCHEME OF WORK

Subject : 

BUSINESS STUDIES

Term :

THIRD TERM 

Week:

WEEK 2

Class :

JSS 1 (BASIC 7)

Previous lesson : 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

Topic :

Pitman Shorthand (Consonants)

Behavioural objectives :

At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• say the meaning of consonants
• write out the basic shorthand principles
• (state the first six groups.
• explain the logic of Joining of consonants. (v) Phrasing (vi) Punctuation marks.

Instructional Materials :

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards

Methods of Teaching :

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

Reference Materials :

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

Content :

(i) Meaning of consonants

(ii) Basic shorthand principles

(iii) The first six groups

(iv) Joining of consonants

(v) Phrasing

(vi) Punctuation marks.

Sub-Topic 1: Meaning of consonants; Basic shorthand principles and The first six groups

MEANING OF CONSONANTS

Consonant is a speech sound produced by party or totally blocking the path of airways

through the mouth or nose. In shorthand, there are twenty-six consonants where alphabets

‘H’ and ‘R’ carry two consonants each.

BASIC SHORTHAND PRINCIPLE

There are basically two principles or rule governing shorthand. These are;

1. Representation of shorthand consonants with light or thick strokes e.g.

P——— D—I——

1. Representation of vowel sounds with dots and dashes e.g. a——– o———-

FIRST SIX CONSONANTS IN SHORTHAND

P————- B————–

T————- D————–

CH———- J—————

Sub-Topic 2: Joining of consonants; Phrasing and Punctuation marks.

JOINING OF CONSONANTS

Shorthand outlines or strokes may be joined together without lifting of pencil while writing. The following are the examples of how to join the outlines together:

PB————- TD—————- CHJ—————–

BT——————- PD—————- TP———————

PHRASING:

Phrasing is the joining of outlines without lifting the pencil in order to increase writing speed. The outlines formed are known as PHRASES. Join outlines only when it is easy and convenient to do so. In a phrase, the word (the) is represented by a tick joined to the stroke it follows. This tick is written upward or downwards to form a sharp angle. In order to join the small ticks (the) to outlines P and B, it must be written on the left hand side of P and B.

Note: Whenever a sentence begins with (the), the short form dot (.) is used, while at the middle of the sentence, the tick is used.

Example: to the ———————– of the ——————— and the——————–

Pay the——————- date the————————–

PUNCTUATION MARKS:

The following are the punctuation marks used in shorthand:

Full stop——————– question mark————————-

Exclamation mark————- dash———————–

Parenthesis (brackets)—————— hyphen———————

Presentation

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where  the needs arise.

Evaluation

• Explain how the writing of shorthand come into existence
• Mention four shorthand principles
• Write out four shorthand consonants
• What is Pitman shorthand
• Define consonant.
• Mention and represent the first six vowels in shorthand
• say the meaning of consonants
• write out the basic shorthand principles
• state the first six groups.
• explain the logic of Joining of consonants. (v) Phrasing (vi) Punctuation marks.