HomePrimary 5Verbal Reasoning Codes Primary 5 Second Term Lesson Notes Week 1

Verbal Reasoning Codes Primary 5 Second Term Lesson Notes Week 1

Verbal Reasoning – Primary 5, Second Term Lesson Notes, Week 1

Subject: Verbal Reasoning
Class: Primary 5
Term: Second Term
Week: Week 1
Age: 10-11 years
Topic: Verbal Reasoning: Codes and Symbols
Sub-topic: Secret Codes and Symbols
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

  1. Define the meaning of secret codes and symbols.
  2. Identify secret codes from given words.
  3. Solve problems related to secret codes and symbols.
  4. Decode words using simple letter shifts (i.e., cipher method).
  5. Demonstrate the ability to use codes and symbols in daily life.

Keywords:

  • Code
  • Cipher
  • Symbol
  • Secret
  • Decode
  • Encode

Set Induction:

The teacher will begin the lesson by showing a simple lock and key and ask the students:

  • “What is the purpose of a lock and key?”
  • “How does a lock and key help keep something safe or secret?”

This introduces the concept of secret codes, just as locks and keys are used to keep things private and secure.

Entry Behavior:

Students should already have basic knowledge of letters and their positions in the alphabet. This includes familiarity with alphabetical order and simple reasoning.

Learning Resources and Materials:

  • Chart paper with example codes and words
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Flashcards with letters and words
  • Computer with internet access (for any visual resources)
  • Printed worksheets with coding exercises

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students have likely encountered codes in puzzles or games. They are familiar with patterns in letters, like the alphabet, and have an understanding of how things can be secret or hidden.

Embedded Core Skills:

  • Critical Thinking: Analyzing letter shifts and patterns.
  • Problem-Solving: Decoding words using the cipher method.
  • Logical Reasoning: Identifying patterns in sequences and codes.

Learning Materials:

  • Lagos State Scheme of Work (for Primary 5)
  • Educational websites on coding and ciphers

Instructional Materials:

  • Whiteboard
  • Flashcards
  • Printed worksheets
  • Computers (optional)

Content:

Definition and Explanation of the Topic:

  1. Code: A system of words, letters, or symbols used to represent a message in a secret way.
  2. Cipher: A method used to encrypt or encode a message by shifting letters or using symbols.
  3. Secret Code: A form of communication where the message is hidden and can only be understood by those who know the key to the code.
  4. Symbol: A character or mark that stands for something else, often used in secret codes.
  5. Decode: To convert a coded message back into its original form.

Examples:

  1. “NAP” can be decoded as “IJL” by shifting each letter forward by 9 places in the alphabet.
  2. “PASSENGER” can be decoded as “RSTTUVWUX” by shifting each letter forward by a specific number.
  3. “OVER” can be decoded by shifting the letters by 3 places forward to get “RYHU.”
  4. “DISC” can be decoded as “EFGH” by following a set rule or key.
  5. “COVER” can be decoded as “DPWG” by applying a cipher.

Evaluation Questions:

  1. “NAP” = __________
    a) IJK
    b) MNO
    c) STU
    d) OPQ
  2. “CODE” = __________
    a) DEFG
    b) ABCD
    c) XYZA
    d) WXYZ
  3. “ASS” = __________
    a) ATT
    b) BSS
    c) CDD
    d) SST
  4. “RODE” = __________
    a) PNEC
    b) RFTE
    c) SGDE
    d) TXFE
  5. “SARS” = __________
    a) RSTU
    b) LMPQ
    c) TUVW
    d) STUV
  6. “OVER” = __________
    a) WYFF
    b) PSXT
    c) MYTX
    d) VYHB
  7. “PAN” = __________
    a) ABC
    b) ZXY
    c) LKM
    d) MLK
  8. “DISC” = __________
    a) HJK
    b) FGHI
    c) ABCD
    d) DEFG
  9. “ANGER” = __________
    a) ZGTVH
    b) BHXWI
    c) KMNTR
    d) IOKPL
  10. “SEC” = __________
    a) KLM
    b) DFT
    c) PQR
    d) HST
  11. “DICE” = __________
    a) GFHI
    b) GKL
    c) FABC
    d) ABCD
  12. “DISCO” = __________
    a) FGHIJ
    b) KLMNO
    c) YUOPL
    d) DFRHI
  13. “COVER” = __________
    a) HGQX
    b) IVFW
    c) ZPSX
    d) DPWG
  14. “YES” = __________
    a) ZVT
    b) XUP
    c) WQQ
    d) ZPQ
  15. “PASSENGER” = __________
    a) RSTTUVWUX
    b) PQRQRST
    c) STUVXYZA
    d) PQST

Class Activity Discussion (FAQs):

  1. What is a code?
    • A code is a way of writing messages that only certain people can understand.
  2. How do secret codes work?
    • Secret codes work by changing the letters or symbols in a message, so only someone who knows the rule can read it.
  3. What is the cipher method?
    • The cipher method involves changing each letter in a word by a certain number of steps in the alphabet.
  4. Why do we use codes?
    • We use codes to keep messages private and secure from others.
  5. Can codes be used in games?
    • Yes, many games use codes to hide clues or to make puzzles harder to solve.
  6. What is decoding?
    • Decoding is figuring out a message by reversing the secret code.
  7. What do symbols mean in codes?
    • Symbols represent letters or words in secret messages.
  8. How can we create a code?
    • We can create a code by deciding on a pattern or rule for shifting letters.
  9. What happens if you don’t know the code key?
    • If you don’t know the code key, you won’t be able to decode the message.
  10. Is there only one kind of code?
    • No, there are many kinds of codes, like letter shifts or symbol patterns.
  11. Can a code be too hard to solve?
    • Yes, some codes can be very tricky, but with practice, we can solve them!
  12. What does ‘encode’ mean?
    • To encode means to create a secret message by changing the letters or symbols.
  13. How do we apply codes in real life?
    • Codes are used in security systems, passwords, and even games.
  14. What is an example of a simple cipher?
    • A simple cipher is shifting the letters of the alphabet forward by a certain number.
  15. Why is it important to understand secret codes?
    • Understanding codes helps us protect private information and solve puzzles.

Teacher’s Activities:

  1. Start the lesson by showing the lock and key and asking questions to introduce the concept.
  2. Explain the meaning of secret codes and ciphers.
  3. Demonstrate how to decode simple messages with letter shifts.
  4. Guide the students in decoding a few words together on the board.
  5. Provide worksheets for students to work individually or in pairs.

Learners’ Activities:

  1. Listen to the teacher’s introduction and participate in answering questions.
  2. Work through examples of decoding and encoding.
  3. Practice decoding given words on their worksheets.
  4. Ask questions and seek clarification if they don’t understand.

Assessment:

  1. What is a cipher?
  2. Decode the word “PASSENGER.”
  3. What does “NAP” decode to?
  4. How do you make a secret message?
  5. Write a secret code for the word “SCHOOL.”
  6. What is the role of a key in a code?
  7. Decode the word “YES.”
  8. What does “ASS” mean when decoded?
  9. Explain how to encode a message.
  10. Why are codes used in security systems?

Conclusion:

The teacher will circulate and mark the students’ worksheets, providing feedback on their decoding skills and explaining any mistakes. The class will be encouraged to practice creating their own codes for fun and learning.

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SECOND TERM EXAMINATION 

CLASS: PRIMARY 5 SUBJECT: VERBAL REASONING

NAME:……………………………………………………………………

Write a letter that ends the first and begins the second one

  1. Tea ( ) ope
  2. Fis ( ) oe
  3. Plan ( ) rain
  4. Rai ( ) eap
  5. Hun ( ) alk

Example: Sorrow = sow

  1. Puppet ____________________
  2. Carrot ____________________
  3. Master ____________________
  4. Borrow ____________________
  5. Banged ____________________

Underline the group name

  1. Orange Fruit apple mango
  2. Today tomorrow time evening
  3. Owl hawk birds eagle
  4. Jewelry brooch bracelet necklace
  5. Hot temperature cold warm

 

Example: Hark – Shark

Peak – Speak

  1. Lame blame ail ______________
  2. Lain Plain eat ______________
  3. Swam swamp bum ______________

Rhyming Words

E.g Push – Low growing plant Bush

  1. Way: a month of the year _____________________
  2. Mail: to travel on water _____________________
  3. Seat: To hit __________________
  4. Frozen: A set of twelve __________________
  5. Back: Opposite of white __________________
  6. Nose: A type of flower ___________________
  7. Blew: Past tense of fly ____________________
  8. Meet: Part of the leg _____________________
  9. Arrow: Not wide __________________
  10. House: Singular of mice ___________________
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