Revision Agricultural Science Primary 5 Second Term Lesson Notes Week 11

Explore how weeds, pests, and diseases affect farming in this Primary 5 Agricultural Science lesson. Discover ways to identify, control, and prevent them for a successful harvest.

Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: Primary 5
Term: Second Term
Week: 11
Topic: Understanding Weeds, Pests, and Diseases in Farming

Sub-topic: Identifying Weeds, Effects of Weeds, Control of Weeds, Pests and Diseases of Crops, Classification of Pests, Damages caused by Pests, Control of Pests

Duration: 45 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

• Students will be able to define what weeds are and explain their effects on crops.
• Students will understand methods for controlling weeds and pests on farms.
• Students will classify pests and describe the damages they cause to crops.
• Students will identify strategies for controlling pests on farms.

Key Words: Weeds, Pests, Diseases, Control, Classification, Damage

Entry Behaviour: Students should be able to recall basic information about plants and farming from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Primary 5 Agricultural Science
• Pictures of common weeds and pests
• Samples of weed control tools (e.g., hoes, herbicides)
• Charts illustrating classification of pests
• Examples of crops damaged by pests

Building Background /Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Recap previous lessons on plant growth and farming techniques.
• Discuss with students their experiences with weeds and pests in their community or family farms.

Embedded Core Skills: Observation, Classification, Problem Solving, Communication

Learning Materials:

• Worksheets on identifying weeds and pests
• Graphic organizers for classifying pests

Reference Books:

• “Agricultural Science for Primary Schools” by Lagos State Ministry of Education
• “Weeds and Pests in Farming” by Agricultural Research Institute

Instructional Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Visual aids (charts, pictures)
• Handouts for students

Content:

Agricultural Science Revision: Second Term

1. Weeds:
   • Weeds are unwanted plants that grow where they are not needed, like in farms or gardens.
   • Example: Grasses like spear grass and broadleaf plants like pigweed.
2. Effects of Weeds to farmers:
   • Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight, which can make crops grow poorly.
   • Example: Weeds can reduce the yield of crops like maize and vegetables.
3. Control of Weeds:
   • Farmers can control weeds by hand weeding, using tools like hoes, or by using herbicides (weed killers).
   • Example: Farmers can pull out weeds by hand from their farms.
4. Benefits of Weeds:
   • Some weeds can be helpful as food for animals or for medicinal purposes.
   • Example: Some farmers use weeds like wild sunflower as fodder for their animals.
5. Pests and Diseases of Crops:
   • Pests are insects, rodents, or other animals that harm crops, while diseases are caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses.
   • Example: Aphids are pests that suck sap from plants, while fungal diseases like powdery mildew can damage leaves.
6. Classification of Pests:
   • Pests can be classified into three groups: insects, rodents, and other animals.
   • Example: Insects like locusts and rodents like rats are common crop pests.
7. Damages caused by Pests:
   • Pests can eat crops, damage fruits, and spread diseases, leading to reduced crop yields.
   • Example: Caterpillars can eat the leaves of maize plants, causing them to die.
8. Control of Pests:
   • Farmers can control pests by using traps, pesticides, or natural enemies like ladybugs.
   • Example: Farmers can use insecticides to kill pests like caterpillars on their crops.

Remember, understanding these topics will help you become better farmers and take care of your crops! 🌱🚜

Class Activity Discussion :

1. What are weeds?
   • Weeds are plants that grow where they’re not wanted, like in farms or gardens.
2. Why are weeds bad for farmers?
   • Weeds can compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight, making it hard for crops to grow well.
3. How can farmers control weeds?
   • Farmers can control weeds by pulling them out by hand or using tools like hoes. They can also use weed killers called herbicides.
4. Are all weeds harmful?
   • No, some weeds can be helpful. They can be food for animals or used for medicine.
5. What are pests and diseases of crops?
   • Pests are insects or animals that harm crops, while diseases are caused by bacteria or fungi.
6. How can farmers classify pests?
   • Farmers classify pests into groups like insects, rodents, and other animals.
7. What damages can pests cause to crops?
   • Pests can eat crops, damage fruits, and spread diseases, which can make crops not grow well.
8. What can farmers do to control pests?
   • Farmers can use traps, pesticides, or natural enemies like ladybugs to control pests.
9. Can pests be helpful sometimes?
   • No, pests are usually harmful to crops, but some insects can also be helpful for the environment.
10. Why is it important for farmers to learn about weeds and pests?
    • It’s important so farmers can take care of their crops better and have a good harvest.

Objective Questions:

1. Weeds are __________ plants that grow where they’re not wanted.
   • a) helpful
   • b) small
   • c) unwanted
   • d) colorful
2. Weeds can compete with crops for __________, water, and sunlight.
   • a) toys
   • b) nutrients
   • c) books
   • d) clothes
3. Farmers can control weeds by pulling them out by __________.
   • a) hand
   • b) foot
   • c) nose
   • d) ear
4. Pests are insects or animals that harm __________.
   • a) crops
   • b) flowers
   • c) clouds
   • d) trees
5. Diseases of crops are caused by __________.
   • a) bacteria or fungi
   • b) birds or snakes
   • c) rocks or sticks
   • d) wind or rain
6. Farmers classify pests into groups like __________.
   • a) insects, rodents, and other animals
   • b) fruits, vegetables, and grains
   • c) birds, fish, and insects
   • d) flowers, trees, and shrubs
7. Pests can eat crops, damage __________, and spread diseases.
   • a) fruits
   • b) clouds
   • c) shoes
   • d) books
8. Farmers can use traps, pesticides, or natural enemies like __________ to control pests.
   • a) ladybugs
   • b) butterflies
   • c) ants
   • d) spiders
9. Weeds can sometimes be helpful as food for __________.
   • a) animals
   • b) clouds
   • c) rocks
   • d) toys
10. Weeds can also be used for __________ purposes.
    • a) medicinal
    • b) musical
    • c) magical
    • d) mechanical

Theory Questions:

1. What are weeds?
2. How do weeds affect crops?
3. Name one way farmers can control weeds.
4. What are pests and diseases of crops?
5. How can farmers control pests?

Presentation:

1. Step 1: Revision of Previous Topic
   • The teacher revises the previous topic which was “Understanding Soil Types and Crop Growth.”
   • Briefly discuss the importance of soil types in farming.
2. Step 2: Introduction of New Topic
   • The teacher introduces the new topic “Understanding Weeds, Pests, and Diseases in Farming.”
   • Define what weeds are and explain their effects on crops.
3. Step 3: Student Contributions and Corrections
   • The teacher allows students to share their experiences with weeds and pests on farms.
   • Correct any misconceptions and reinforce key concepts.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Present definitions and explanations clearly.
• Use visual aids to illustrate key points.
• Encourage student participation and questions.
• Provide guidance during group activities.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen attentively to the teacher.
• Participate in discussions and activities.
• Ask questions to clarify understanding.
• Work collaboratively with classmates.

Assessment:

• Observation of students’ participation and understanding during class activities.
• Review of completed worksheets and graphic organizers.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What are weeds?
2. How do weeds affect crops?
3. Name two methods for controlling weeds on farms.
4. What are pests and diseases of crops?
5. How can farmers classify pests?
6. Give an example of a crop damaged by pests.
7. What are three ways to control pests on farms?
8. Can weeds be helpful sometimes? Explain.
9. Why is it important for farmers to learn about weeds and pests?
10. How do you think farmers can prevent pest infestations on their crops?

Conclusion:

• The teacher goes around to assess and provide feedback on students’ understanding of the topic.
• Reinforce the importance of weed and pest control in farming for a successful