Present Perfect Tense Structure English Grammar JSS 1 Second Term Lesson Notes Week 10

Subject: English Grammar
Class: JSS 1
Term: Second Term
Week: 10
Age (in years): 12-14
Topic: Grammar: Using the Present Perfect Tense
Sub-topic: Forming and Using the Present Perfect Tense
Duration: 40 minutes

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Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Understand the concept of the present perfect tense.
2. Construct sentences using the present perfect tense.
3. Identify the use of the present perfect tense in expressing actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past but are still relevant.
4. Differentiate between the present perfect and past simple tenses.

Keywords:

Present Perfect Tense, Have/Has, Past Actions, Unspecified Time, Sentence Formation

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Set Induction:

Ask the students:

• “Have you ever traveled to another city?”
• “What have you learned in this class so far?”

These questions will engage students and introduce the idea of actions that have been completed in the past but have a link to the present.

Entry Behaviour:

Students should already know how to use the simple present, past, and future tenses. This will allow them to understand the present perfect tense in comparison to those tenses.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Whiteboard and markers
2. Flashcards with examples of present perfect tense sentences
3. Worksheet for practicing the present perfect tense

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students should recall the past tense to understand the differences in meaning between past actions and those that have an impact or relevance in the present, which is the purpose of the present perfect tense.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical Thinking: Recognizing the difference between present perfect and past simple tenses.
• Communication: Forming correct sentences in the present perfect tense.
• Collaboration: Working in pairs to form and discuss present perfect sentences.

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Learning Materials:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for JSS 1 (English Grammar)
• Teacher’s Guide on Tenses

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Junior Secondary Schools (English Language)
• Oxford English Grammar Course by Michael Swan

Instructional Materials:

• Flashcards with examples of present perfect tense sentences
• Worksheets for present perfect tense practice

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Content:

1. Definition and Explanation of the Present Perfect Tense:
   • The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that occurred at an unspecified time in the past, but the effect or result of the action is important or relevant in the present.
   • The present perfect tense is formed by using have or has (depending on the subject) followed by the past participle of the main verb.
   • Example: “I have eaten lunch.”
     • This shows that the action is completed, but it has an impact on the present situation (e.g., you are no longer hungry).
2. Structure of the Present Perfect Tense:
   • Affirmative Sentences: Subject + have/has + past participle
     Example: “She has finished her homework.”
   • Negative Sentences: Subject + have/has not + past participle
     Example: “They have not seen the movie.”
   • Interrogative Sentences: Have/Has + subject + past participle
     Example: “Have you read the book?”
3. Examples:
   • I have studied for the test.
   • They have visited London.
   • She has already finished her meal.
   • We have not met him yet.
   • He has just arrived at the party.
4. Common Uses of the Present Perfect Tense:
   • To show a link between the past and the present:
     Example: “I have lost my keys.” (The keys are still lost now.)
   • To talk about life experiences:
     Example: “She has traveled to many countries.”
   • To describe actions that started in the past and continue in the present:
     Example: “They have lived here for ten years.”

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Evaluation Questions:

1. “I ________ to the market.”
   a) go
   b) gone
   c) have gone
   d) goes
2. “She ________ finished her homework.”
   a) have
   b) has
   c) had
   d) is
3. “We ________ eaten lunch already.”
   a) have
   b) has
   c) had
   d) is
4. “They ________ played football this morning.”
   a) have
   b) has
   c) had
   d) are
5. “I ________ not seen that movie.”
   a) have
   b) has
   c) have not
   d) had
6. “He ________ never been to Paris.”
   a) have
   b) has
   c) have not
   d) is
7. “We ________ worked on the project since morning.”
   a) has
   b) have
   c) is
   d) was
8. “She ________ already left the house.”
   a) has
   b) have
   c) is
   d) had
9. “________ you ever traveled abroad?”
   a) Have
   b) Has
   c) Do
   d) Did
10. “They ________ not visited the museum yet.”
    a) has
    b) have
    c) are
    d) were
11. “I ________ never seen a lion.”
    a) have
    b) has
    c) had
    d) am
12. “We ________ finished our homework.”
    a) have
    b) has
    c) had
    d) are
13. “She ________ read the book.”
    a) has
    b) have
    c) is
    d) did
14. “He ________ just arrived.”
    a) have
    b) has
    c) had
    d) is
15. “We ________ met the new teacher yet.”
    a) have
    b) has
    c) are
    d) did

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Class Activity Discussion (FAQs):

1. What is the present perfect tense used for?
   • The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past but still have relevance to the present.
2. How do we form the present perfect tense?
   • We form it by using “have/has” + the past participle of the verb (e.g., “She has gone” or “I have seen”).
3. When do we use “have” and when do we use “has”?
   • We use “have” with I, you, we, and they; we use “has” with he, she, and it.
4. What is the difference between the past tense and the present perfect tense?
   • The past tense refers to actions completed at a specific time in the past, while the present perfect refers to actions that have relevance to the present moment.
5. Can the present perfect tense be used for life experiences?
   • Yes, it can describe actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past but are still important now (e.g., “She has visited many countries”).
6. How do we make negative sentences in the present perfect tense?
   • To make a negative sentence, use “have not” or “has not” before the past participle (e.g., “I have not seen that movie”).
7. What is a past participle?
   • A past participle is the third form of a verb, used in perfect tenses. For regular verbs, it ends in “-ed” (e.g., “played”), and for irregular verbs, it may change form (e.g., “gone”).
8. Can we use time expressions like “yesterday” with the present perfect tense?
   • No, time expressions like “yesterday” are used with the past tense, not the present perfect.
9. Can the present perfect tense describe actions that started in the past and continue in the present?
   • Yes, for example, “I have lived here for five years.”
10. How do we use “yet” and “already” in the present perfect tense?
    • “Yet” is used in negative sentences and questions to talk about something that hasn’t happened up to the present. “Already” is used to express that something has happened before now (e.g., “She has already left”).
11. Can we ask questions in the present perfect tense?
    • Yes, we form questions using “have” or “has” at the beginning (e.g., “Have you finished your homework?”).
12. Is there a difference between “have gone” and “have been”?
    • Yes, “have gone” means someone has left and has not yet returned, while “have been” means they have visited a place and returned.
13. How do we use the present perfect tense with the word “just”?
    • We use “just” to indicate that something happened recently (e.g., “I have just finished my meal”).
14. Can we use the present perfect tense with time expressions like “for” and “since”?
    • Yes, we use “for” to talk about a period of time (e.g., “I have lived here for five years”) and “since” to talk about a specific point in time (e.g., “She has worked here since 2010”).
15. Can we use the present perfect tense with a definite time?
    • No, when a specific time is mentioned, we use the past tense instead.

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Teacher’s Activities:

1. Introduce the present perfect tense and explain its use.
2. Write examples on the board and explain the structure of affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences.
3. Engage students in creating their own present perfect sentences.
4. Guide students through the evaluation and class activity.
5. Provide feedback on student responses and correct mistakes.

Learners’ Activities:

1. Listen to the teacher’s explanation of the present perfect tense.
2. Participate in discussions and share sentences using the present perfect tense.
3. Complete the evaluation and class activity questions.
4. Work in pairs to form additional present perfect sentences.

Assessment:

• Review answers from the evaluation and class activity.
• Observe student participation in sentence creation.

Conclusion:

1. Summarize the lesson by reviewing key points on the present perfect tense.
2. Go around the class to mark students’ work and offer feedback.

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Mastering the Present Perfect Tense in JSS 1: Forming Perfect Sentences

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Present Perfect Tense in English Grammar

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JSS 1 English Grammar: How to Form and Use the Present Perfect Tense

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Learn how to use the present perfect tense in English grammar with detailed explanations and examples for JSS 1 students. Understand the structure, usage, and common errors.