Using a scatter diagram differentiate between negative, positive and zero correlation. A negative correlation refers to a relationship where the variables move in opposite direction i.c. an increase in one variable is accompanied by a decrease in another variable. For example, an increase in visits to the pub is accompanied by a decrease in exam
A one-tailed test: This type of statistical test involves making a directional prediction about the outcome. For instance, it could be predicted that students who engaged in micro-teaching will achieve higher scores in practical teaching compared to those who did not participate. Systematic sampling: In this method of sampling, a sample is chosen by
(a) Educational statistics is the application of statistical methods to address issues related to various aspects of education. It involves organizing, summarizing, presenting, and interpreting data obtained from educational assessments. By employing educational statistics, we can measure the relationships between different educational variables, draw conclusions, and make predictions that aid in achieving specific educational objectives.
(a) Define A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Standard deviation. (b) Find the mean and mode of the following set of data A. 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18 B. 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16 . 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5,7,7,7,9
1. (a) Describe sampling (b) Explain any four (4) of its significance 2. (a) Distinguish between Type I and Type II error (b) Define Kurtosis (c) With the aid of diagram, explain the following: i. Leptokurtic ii. Platykurtic iii. Mesokurtic 3. (a) What is population of a study? (b) Explain the following sampling techniques
When rolling a fair six-sided die 🎲, there are three outcomes that result in a multiple of 2: 2, 4, and 6. Since there are a total of six equally likely outcomes (numbers 1 through 6) when rolling a standard die, the probability of obtaining a multiple of 2 is the ratio of favorable outcomes
Type 1 and Type 2 errors are concepts related to hypothesis testing in statistics. Here’s how they differ: Type 1 Error (False Positive): 1. Occurs when: A Type 1 error happens when a null hypothesis that is actually true is incorrectly rejected. 2. Meaning: It’s a false positive, indicating that the test incorrectly indicates a
A discrete variable is a type of quantitative variable in statistics that represents distinct, separate values or categories. It can only take on specific, distinct numerical values within a certain range, often as whole numbers. Discrete variables cannot have values between these distinct points, making them different from continuous variables which can take any value
Distinguish between parametric and non-parametric test Parametric and non-parametric tests are two different categories of statistical tests used to analyze data. Here’s how they differ: Parametric Tests: 1. Assumption: Parametric tests assume that the data follows a specific distribution, usually the normal distribution. This assumption is crucial for accurate results. 2. Measurement Level: Parametric
Explain the difference between simple correlation and multiple correlation. Simple and multiple correlations are two classifications of correlation. However, Correlation is simple if it concerns relationship between two variables while it is multiple if it concerns the relationship among three or more variables. Explain four (4) levels of measurement and give one (1) example each
A. Nominal Scale: Nominal data are counted data. Each individual can only be a member of mutually exclusive category and not the other. All members of each category include notionally, gender, socioeconomic status, occupation, role, religious affiliation etc. Numbers are often used at the nominal level, but only in order to identify the categories. The
What is a scale of measurement? Scale of measurement entails the method used for translation of observation into numbers. For measurement to be carried out in statistics, objects and events has to be assigned numerals according to certain scales or rules. Starting with variables, some rules are then used to determine how these variables will
1. Random Sampling: Random sampling involves selecting a subset of individuals from the entire population in such a way that each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. This technique ensures that the sample is representative of the population, reducing the potential for bias. In educational research, a random sample
The steps are as follows: Calculate the mean (average) of the scores. Subtract the mean from each score, square the result. Calculate the mean of those squared differences. Take the square root of that mean to get the standard deviation. Step 1: The mean is indeed 5.5. Step 2: Subtract the mean from each
Science and Mathematics Education: The conference recognized the importance of a strong foundation in science and mathematics. These subjects were seen as essential for fostering critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a deeper understanding of the natural world. Emphasis was placed on inquiry-based learning and practical applications of scientific principles. Language Education: Language education was highlighted
