Physical and Health Education Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10 & 11
Subject: Physical and Health Education
Class: Primary 4
Term: First Term
Week: 10 & 11
Age: 9 years
Topic: The First Aid Box
Sub-topic: Definition, Equipment, Uses
Duration: 40 minutes
Performance Objectives:
At the end of these lessons, pupils should be able to:
- Define first aid.
- Mention the equipment in a first aid box.
- State the uses of each equipment found in the first aid box.
Reference Materials:
- NERDC Basic Education Curriculum
- Universal Basic Education Curriculum (UBE)
- Unified Schemes of Work for Lagos State Primary Schools (Middle Basic)
- Lagos State Scheme of Work for Physical and Health Education
- Internet
- Physical and Health Education for Primary Schools
Entry Behaviour/Previous Lesson:
The students are familiar with basic health and safety concepts from previous lessons.
Content:
The First Aid Box
A first aid box is a container that holds all necessary items for providing first aid in emergencies.
Contents of a First Aid Box:
- Bandages
- Types: Crepe, Triangular, Roller, Special (e.g., four-tailed)
- Uses: Protect wounds, control swelling, immobilize injuries, hold protective equipment, control bleeding, assist in carrying casualties.
- Scissors
- Uses: Cutting bandages, cutting plasters, holding cotton wool.
- Cotton Wool
- Uses: Covering wounds, soaking up blood, cleaning wounds, applying drugs (e.g., iodine), padding tissues.
- Gentian Violet
- Uses: Preventing infection in old wounds, burns, or fire-related injuries.
- Sterile Gauze
- Uses: Covering wounds, preventing infection.
- Iodine
- Uses: Arresting bleeding, disinfecting wounds, hastening blood clotting, and healing.
- Plaster
- Uses: Covering wounds, holding cotton wool soaked in iodine.
- Antiseptic (e.g., Dettol, Purit, Savlon)
- Uses: Killing microbes, disinfecting first aid materials, washing wounds and sores.
- Splint
- Uses: Immobilizing fractures, holding fractures in place, supporting wounds before bandaging.
- Safety Pins
- Uses: Holding bandage ends, keeping bandages in place.
- Razor Blade
- Uses: Cutting bandages, cutting plaster, sharpening objects, shaving.
- Sling
- Uses: Supporting fractured arms, suspending sprained elbow joints, supporting dislocated shoulders.
- Methylated Spirit
- Uses: Cleaning fresh wounds, disinfecting wounds, hastening blood clotting.
- Glucose
- Uses: Providing instant energy, aiding recovery from exhaustion.
- Smelling Salts
- Uses: Reviving a person who has fainted.
- Antiseptic Soap
- Uses: Washing hands after applying first aid.
- Potassium Permanganate
- Uses: Treating snake bites before medical help arrives.
- Cold Compress/Pack
- Uses: Constricting blood vessels, reducing swelling and bleeding.
- Embrocation (e.g., Robb, Nerve and Bone Liniment)
- Uses: Massaging swollen muscles, strained joints, and aching muscles.
- Forceps
- Uses: Protecting fingers from stains/infection, holding cotton wool for cleaning wounds.
- Record Book and Pen
- Uses: Recording names, class, and sex of students, nature of wounds/sickness, type of attention given.
Instructional Procedure:
- Step 1: The Teacher revises the previous lesson on safety measures in emergencies.
- Step 2: The Teacher introduces the new topic, explaining the first aid box and its contents.
- Step 3: The Teacher explains each item’s use and demonstrates how to use them if possible.
Evaluation Activities:
- Define first aid.
- Mention the equipment in a first aid box.
- State the uses of each piece of equipment found in the first aid box.
Evaluation:
- What is first aid?
a) Advanced medical treatment
b) Initial assistance given to an injured person
c) Long-term care
d) Physical exercise - Which item is used to cover wounds?
a) Bandages
b) Scissors
c) Razor blade
d) Glucose - What is the use of antiseptic?
a) Cleaning wounds
b) Providing energy
c) Immobility
d) Supporting fractures - What type of bandage is used to control swelling?
a) Triangular bandage
b) Crepe bandage
c) Roller bandage
d) Plaster - What does a splint do?
a) Clean wounds
b) Immobilize fractures
c) Provide energy
d) Hold cotton wool - What is the use of cotton wool?
a) Covering wounds
b) Immobilizing fractures
c) Supporting injuries
d) Cutting bandages - How is glucose used in first aid?
a) To clean wounds
b) To give instant energy
c) To immobilize fractures
d) To disinfect - When is a cold compress used?
a) To revive a person
b) To reduce swelling
c) To provide energy
d) To disinfect - What is the purpose of a record book in a first aid box?
a) To record names and details
b) To provide first aid
c) To clean wounds
d) To cut bandages - What is the use of methylated spirit?
a) Cleaning wounds
b) Providing energy
c) Supporting fractures
d) Holding bandages - What is the use of a sling?
a) To support a fractured arm
b) To cover wounds
c) To clean wounds
d) To disinfect - What is the purpose of safety pins in a first aid box?
a) Holding bandage ends
b) Providing energy
c) Cleaning wounds
d) Immobilizing fractures - Which item is used to treat snake bites?
a) Potassium permanganate
b) Bandages
c) Scissors
d) Glucose - What is a splint used for?
a) Holding bandages
b) Immobilizing a fracture
c) Cleaning wounds
d) Providing energy - How is gentian violet used?
a) Preventing infection in wounds
b) Immobilizing fractures
c) Cleaning wounds
d) Providing energy
Class Activity Discussion:
- Define first aid.
First aid is the initial help given to someone who is injured or unwell before professional medical help arrives. - What are the common items found in a first aid box?
Common items include bandages, scissors, cotton wool, iodine, plaster, and antiseptics. - How do you use a bandage?
A bandage is used to protect a wound, control swelling, immobilize an injury, and stop bleeding. - What is the use of antiseptic soap in first aid?
Antiseptic soap is used to wash hands after applying first aid to prevent infection. - Why is glucose included in a first aid box?
Glucose provides instant energy to a person who may be exhausted or in need of a quick energy boost.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is first aid?
- Name three items found in a first aid box.
- What is the purpose of a bandage?
- How do you use a plaster?
- What does antiseptic do?
- Why is cotton wool used in first aid?
- How does a splint help in an emergency?
- What is the purpose of a sling?
- How is glucose used in first aid?
- Why is a record book important in a first aid box?
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions with Options (a, b, c, d)
- The primary purpose of a ________ is to stop bleeding from a wound.
- a) Bandage
- b) Scissors
- c) Cotton wool
- d) Plaster
- ________ is used to clean and disinfect wounds.
- a) Iodine
- b) Bandage
- c) Scissors
- d) Plaster
- A ________ is used to hold bandages in place.
- a) Safety pin
- b) Razor blade
- c) Sling
- d) Glucose
- ________ provides instant energy and helps recover from exhaustion.
- a) Glucose
- b) Smelling salts
- c) Cotton wool
- d) Methylated spirit
- The purpose of a ________ is to immobilize a fractured limb.
- a) Splint
- b) Bandage
- c) Scissors
- d) Forceps
- ________ is used to protect wounds from infection.
- a) Bandage
- b) Antiseptic soap
- c) Safety pin
- d) Gauze
- ________ helps to clean wounds and speed up the clotting process.
- a) Methylated spirit
- b) Potassium permanganate
- c) Antiseptic soap
- d) Glucose
- ________ is used to cover and protect wounds.
- a) Plaster
- b) Cotton wool
- c) Sling
- d) Bandage
- The ________ is used for cutting bandages and plasters.
- a) Scissors
- b) Razor blade
- c) Safety pin
- d) Forceps
- ________ helps to revive a person who has fainted.
- a) Smelling salts
- b) Glucose
- c) Bandage
- d) Scissors
- ________ is used to cover wounds and prevent infection.
- a) Gauze
- b) Bandage
- c) Cotton wool
- d) Plaster
- ________ helps in supporting an injured or fractured arm.
- a) Sling
- b) Splint
- c) Bandage
- d) Safety pin
- ________ is used for recording details about first aid given.
- a) Record book and pen
- b) Scissors
- c) Bandage
- d) Antiseptic
- ________ is applied to snake bites before medical help arrives.
- a) Potassium permanganate
- b) Glucose
- c) Bandage
- d) Cotton wool
- ________ helps to cool and reduce swelling.
- a) Cold compress/pack
- b) Embrocation
- c) Glucose
- d) Methylated spirit
- ________ is used to hold cotton wool in place.
- a) Forceps
- b) Scissors
- c) Safety pin
- d) Plaster
- ________ helps to immobilize a broken bone.
- a) Splint
- b) Scissors
- c) Sling
- d) Glucose
- ________ is used to disinfect first aid materials.
- a) Antiseptic
- b) Cotton wool
- c) Plaster
- d) Bandage
- ________ is used to protect the fingers when handling first aid materials.
- a) Forceps
- b) Safety pin
- c) Scissors
- d) Bandage
- ________ is used to clean and disinfect wounds.
- a) Methylated spirit
- b) Glucose
- c) Bandage
- d) Safety pin
- ________ is used to immobilize a sprained elbow joint.
- a) Sling
- b) Splint
- c) Cotton wool
- d) Safety pin
- ________ helps in preventing infection in burns.
- a) Gentian violet
- b) Plaster
- c) Gauze
- d) Bandage
- ________ is used to cut materials in a first aid box.
- a) Scissors
- b) Razor blade
- c) Safety pin
- d) Forceps
- ________ helps in massaging aching muscles.
- a) Embrocation
- b) Bandage
- c) Splint
- d) Glucose
- ________ is used to speed up the clotting of blood.
- a) Iodine
- b) Smelling salts
- c) Cotton wool
- d) Antiseptic soap
- ________ helps in supporting a dislocated shoulder joint.
- a) Sling
- b) Bandage
- c) Splint
- d) Forceps
- ________ helps to clean the hands after first aid.
- a) Antiseptic soap
- b) Methylated spirit
- c) Glucose
- d) Potassium permanganate
- ________ is used to prevent infection in wounds caused by fire.
- a) Gentian violet
- b) Bandage
- c) Scissors
- d) Cold compress
- ________ is used for protecting wounds and tissues from infection.
- a) Cotton wool
- b) Bandage
- c) Safety pin
- d) Splint
- ________ helps in holding bandage ends securely.
- a) Safety pin
- b) Razor blade
- c) Scissors
- d) Forceps
Part B: Theory Questions
Short Answer Questions
- Define first aid.
- Name three items that are used to cover wounds.
- What is the purpose of a splint in first aid?
- How is a sling used in treating injuries?
- Why is glucose included in a first aid box?
- Describe the use of antiseptic in first aid.
- What does a safety pin do in a first aid box?
- How is methylated spirit used in first aid?
- Explain the role of a record book in first aid.
- What is the function of a cold compress?
- How is gentian violet applied in first aid?
- Name two items used for immobilizing fractures.
- Why is cotton wool important in a first aid box?
- Describe the use of a forceps in first aid.
- What is the purpose of using a bandage in first aid?
- How is a plaster different from a bandage?
- Explain the use of potassium permanganate in treating snake bites.
- What are the benefits of using antiseptic soap after first aid?
- Describe how a cold compress helps with injuries.
- What is the use of embrocation in first aid?
Part C: True or False Questions
- First aid is advanced medical treatment provided by a professional. (True/False)
- Cotton wool is used to cover wounds and soak up blood. (True/False)
- A splint is used to support a sprained ankle. (True/False)
- Gentian violet is used to disinfect fresh wounds. (True/False)
- Safety pins are used to hold bandage ends in place. (True/False)
- Glucose provides energy and helps in quick recovery from exhaustion. (True/False)
- Potassium permanganate is used to treat minor cuts and bruises. (True/False)
- Methylated spirit is used for cleaning fresh wounds and hastening clotting. (True/False)
- A bandage is used to immobilize fractures and support injuries. (True/False)
- Embrocation is used to revive a person who has fainted. (True/False)
Conclusion:
The teacher will go around to review and mark pupils’ work, ensuring they understand the uses of each item in the first aid box and can define first aid accurately.
