Martial Arts, Wrestling, Swimming, Diseases, and Drug Education Physical and Health Education Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 1

Detailed Student-Centered Lesson Plan

Subject: Physical and Health Education

Class: Primary 4

Term: Third Term

Week: 1

Topic: Martial Arts, Wrestling, Swimming, Diseases, and Drug Education

Sub-topics:

1. Importance of Martial Arts
2. History, Types, and Importance of Wrestling
3. Types of Swimming Strokes and Safety Rules
4. Meaning and Types of Pathogens and Diseases
5. Spread of Diseases
6. Diseases Preventive Measures
7. Drug Education: Drug Abuse, Misuse, and Use

Duration: 60 Minutes

Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the importance of martial arts.
2. Describe the history and types of wrestling.
3. List the types of swimming strokes and explain safety rules.
4. Identify pathogens and diseases.
5. Explain how diseases spread.
6. List preventive measures for diseases.
7. Differentiate between drug abuse, misuse, and use.

Key Words: Martial arts, wrestling, swimming strokes, pathogens, diseases, drug misuse, drug abuse.

Entry Behaviour: Pupils are familiar with basic physical activities and understand simple health rules.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures of martial arts, wrestling, and swimming strokes.
• Charts showing types of pathogens.
• Examples of drugs (images or actual samples like paracetamol).

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge: Pupils have seen or participated in physical activities and have basic knowledge of staying healthy.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Collaboration
• Communication

Learning Materials:

• Pictures
• Charts
• Real-life examples
• Reference books: Lagos State Scheme of Work

Instructional Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Flashcards
• Posters

Content

Martial Arts

1. Martial arts are important because they help us __________. a) watch TV b) fight with friends c) stay healthy d) play video games
2. Karate is a type of __________. a) dance b) martial art c) cooking d) drawing

Wrestling: History, Types, and Importance

3. Wrestling began in __________ times. a) ancient b) future c) present d) modern
4. There are __________ types of wrestling. a) two b) four c) six d) ten
5. Wrestling helps to build __________. a) muscles b) video games c) cakes d) toys

Swimming Strokes: Types of Stroke and Safety Rules

6. The __________ stroke is the fastest swimming stroke. a) butterfly b) backstroke c) freestyle d) breaststroke
7. One safety rule in swimming is to never swim __________. a) in the morning b) alone c) with friends d) in the afternoon
8. The __________ stroke looks like a frog’s movement. a) freestyle b) butterfly c) breaststroke d) backstroke

Meaning and Types of Pathogens and Diseases

9. Pathogens are __________ that cause diseases. a) animals b) germs c) plants d) rocks
10. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are types of __________. a) plants b) pathogens c) animals d) minerals

Difference Between Diseases and Pathogens

11. Diseases are caused by __________. a) air b) pathogens c) water d) sunlight

Spread of Diseases: Ways in Which Diseases Can Be Spread

12. Diseases can be spread through __________. a) watching TV b) reading books c) body contact d) playing outside
13. Diseases can also spread through __________. a) clean air b) food c) sleeping d) playing

Examples of Diseases Spread by Air, Food, Insects, and Body Contact

14. The flu is a disease spread by __________. a) water b) air c) food d) soil
15. Food poisoning is a disease spread by __________. a) air b) insects c) food d) body contact
16. Malaria is spread by __________. a) dogs b) cats c) insects d) fish
17. Chickenpox is spread by __________. a) air b) water c) food d) soil

Diseases Preventive Measures

18. To prevent diseases, we should __________ our hands regularly. a) shake b) wash c) cover d) hide
19. Eating healthy food helps to prevent __________. a) fun b) diseases c) games d) sleep

Diseases Preventive Measures 11

20. Getting __________ helps protect us from certain diseases. a) vaccinations b) toys c) candies d) books
21. Using a __________ can help prevent the spread of diseases. a) spoon b) pencil c) tissue d) ball

Drug Education: Meaning of Drug Abuse, Drug Misuse, and Drug Use

22. Using drugs the wrong way is called drug __________. a) use b) abuse c) look d) make
23. Taking medicine without asking a doctor is drug __________. a) misuse b) use c) play d) wear

Difference Between Drug Misuse and Abuse

24. Drug abuse is using drugs to __________. a) get better b) feel high c) eat food d) drink water
25. Drug misuse is using drugs __________. a) in the right way b) in the wrong way c) to have fun d) to play

Substance that are Regular as Drugs

26. Medicines we take when we are sick are __________. a) foods b) drinks c) drugs d) toys
27. __________ is a common medicine for headaches. a) Water b) Sugar c) Paracetamol d) Salt
28. Antibiotics are used to fight __________. a) bacteria b) water c) air d) sleep
29. __________ helps with pain relief. a) Pencil b) Candy c) Aspirin d) Milk
30. __________ is a substance that can be used as a drug. a) Chocolate b) Coffee c) Antibiotic d) Toy

Martial Arts

1. What are martial arts? Martial arts are sports and skills for self-defense and fitness.
2. Why are martial arts important? They keep us healthy and teach us self-defense.

Wrestling: History, Types, and Importance

3. What is wrestling? Wrestling is a sport where two people try to pin each other down.
4. When did wrestling start? Wrestling began in ancient times.
5. What are the types of wrestling? The main types are Greco-Roman and freestyle.
6. Why is wrestling important? It builds strength and teaches discipline.

Swimming Strokes: Types of Stroke and Safety Rules

7. What are the main swimming strokes? Freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly.
8. Which stroke is the fastest? The freestyle stroke.
9. What is a safety rule for swimming? Always swim with a buddy.
10. What should you do if you see someone in trouble in the water? Call for help immediately.

Meaning and Types of Pathogens and Diseases

11. What are pathogens? Pathogens are germs that cause diseases.
12. What are the types of pathogens? Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
13. What are diseases? Diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens.

Difference Between Diseases and Pathogens

14. What is the difference between diseases and pathogens? Pathogens cause diseases; diseases are the result of infection.

Spread of Diseases: Ways in Which Diseases Can Be Spread

15. How do diseases spread? Through air, food, water, insects, and body contact.
16. Can diseases spread through the air? Yes, some diseases spread through the air.
17. How do diseases spread through food? By eating contaminated food.
18. What insect spreads malaria? The mosquito.

Examples of Diseases Spread by Air, Food, Insects, and Body Contact

19. What disease spreads through the air? The flu.
20. What disease spreads through food? Food poisoning.
21. What disease spreads through insect bites? Malaria.
22. What disease spreads through body contact? Chickenpox.

Diseases Preventive Measures

23. How can we prevent diseases? Wash hands regularly and eat healthy food.
24. Why is washing hands important? It removes germs and prevents sickness.

Diseases Preventive Measures 11

25. What is a vaccine? A vaccine helps protect us from diseases.
26. Why should we use tissues? To cover our nose and mouth when we sneeze or cough.

Drug Education: Meaning of Drug Abuse, Drug Misuse, and Drug Use

27. What is drug use? Taking medicine properly to feel better.
28. What is drug misuse? Taking medicine in the wrong way.
29. What is drug abuse? Using drugs to feel high or different.

Difference Between Drug Misuse and Abuse

30. How is drug misuse different from drug abuse? Misuse is taking medicine incorrectly; abuse is using drugs to get high.

Substances that are Regular as Drugs

31. What is a common drug for headaches? Paracetamol.
32. What do antibiotics do? Fight bacterial infections.
33. What drug helps with pain relief? Aspirin.
34. Can drugs be both helpful and harmful? Yes, if used correctly they help; if misused or abused, they harm.
35. What should you do before taking any medicine? Ask a doctor or an adult.

Presentation:

Step 1: Revision of Previous Topic

• The teacher revises the previous topic which was “Basic Exercise and Fitness.”
• Teacher asks questions like, “What exercises do you know?” and “Why is exercise important?”

Step 2: Introduction of the New Topic

• The teacher introduces the new topic by showing pictures of martial arts, wrestling, and swimming.
• Teacher explains the importance of martial arts in keeping us healthy and teaching self-defense.

Step 3: Contributions and Corrections

• The teacher asks pupils to share what they know about martial arts, wrestling, and swimming.
• Teacher corrects and adds more information where necessary.

Teacher’s Activities:

1. Display pictures of martial arts and explain their benefits.
2. Discuss the history and types of wrestling.
3. Show different swimming strokes and explain safety rules.
4. Explain pathogens and diseases using charts.
5. Describe how diseases spread with examples.
6. List preventive measures for diseases.
7. Discuss the difference between drug misuse and abuse.

Learners’ Activities:

1. Listen and observe pictures and charts.
2. Participate in discussions.
3. Answer questions about martial arts, wrestling, and swimming.
4. Identify types of pathogens and diseases.
5. Share ideas on preventing diseases.
6. Differentiate between drug misuse and abuse.

Assessment:

• Pupils will answer questions during and after the lesson.

Ten Evaluation Questions:

1. What is martial arts?
2. Why are martial arts important?
3. Name two types of wrestling.
4. What is the fastest swimming stroke?
5. Why should we not swim alone?
6. What are pathogens?
7. Name one disease that spreads through the air.
8. How can we prevent diseases?
9. What is drug misuse?
10. What is drug abuse?

Conclusion:

• The teacher goes round to mark pupils’ work and provides necessary corrections.
• Teacher reviews key points of the lesson to reinforce learning.

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Primary 4 Physical and Health Education

This lesson plan is designed to be simple, engaging, and informative, ensuring that pupils can grasp the key concepts easily.

Physical and Health Education Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes