Causes of Ethnicity Economic, Political, and Social Factors Civic Education Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 3

Understanding What Causes Ethnicity: Primary 4 Lesson

Civic Education Lesson Plan for Primary 4

Subject: Civic Education
Class: Primary 4
Term: Third Term
Week: 3
Topic: Causes of Ethnicity
Sub-topic: Economic, Political, and Social Factors
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify at least three causes of ethnicity.
2. Explain how economic, political, and social factors contribute to ethnicity.

Key Words

• Ethnicity
• Economic
• Political
• Tribalism
• Social

Entry Behaviour

Pupils are asked to recall what they know about different ethnic groups in Nigeria.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Pictures depicting different ethnic groups
• Flashcards with key words
• Chart paper and markers

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

Discuss with pupils about how people in their communities interact with others from different ethnic groups.

Embedded Core Skills

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Social skills

Learning Materials

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Civic Education textbook for Primary 4

Instructional Materials

• Flashcards
• Pictures
• Chart paper and markers

Content:

Causes of Ethnicity

1. Economic Reason: When different ethnic groups compete for limited resources like land or jobs.
   • Example: Clashes between farmers and herders over grazing land. 🌾
2. Political Reason: When politicians use ethnicity to gain power or favor one group over another.
   • Example: Politicians promising benefits to specific ethnic groups during elections. 🗳️
3. Tribalism: When people favor their own ethnic group over others, leading to discrimination and division.
   • Example: Giving jobs or opportunities only to people from the same ethnic group. 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦
4. Historical Factors: Long-standing conflicts or tensions between ethnic groups due to past events.
   • Example: Historical disputes over land ownership or leadership roles. 📜
5. Social Factors: When social norms and traditions reinforce ethnic identities and differences.
   • Example: Cultural practices that emphasize loyalty to one’s ethnic group over others. 🎭

Explanation: Ethnicity can be caused by various factors like competition for resources, political manipulation, tribalism, historical tensions, and social norms. These factors can create divisions and conflicts between different ethnic groups.

Debate: Pupils can engage in a debate discussing which factor they think is the most significant cause of ethnicity and why. They can present arguments and counterarguments to support their views

Evaluation Questions

1. Ethnicity can be caused by ______ factors. a) Economic b) Political c) Historical d) All of the above
2. When different ethnic groups compete for limited resources, it is an ______ reason for ethnicity. a) Economic b) Political c) Social d) Cultural
3. Politicians using ethnicity to gain power is a ______ reason for ethnicity. a) Economic b) Political c) Historical d) Social
4. Favoring one’s own ethnic group over others is known as ______. a) Economics b) Tribalism c) Politics d) History
5. Long-standing conflicts or tensions between ethnic groups due to past events are ______ factors for ethnicity. a) Economic b) Political c) Historical d) Social
6. Social norms and traditions reinforcing ethnic identities and differences are ______ factors for ethnicity. a) Economic b) Political c) Social d) Cultural
7. Giving jobs only to people from the same ethnic group is an example of ______. a) Economic reason for ethnicity b) Political reason for ethnicity c) Tribalism d) Social factor for ethnicity
8. Which factor can create divisions and conflicts between different ethnic groups? a) Economic factors b) Political factors c) Tribalism d) All of the above
9. What is tribalism? a) Favoring one’s own ethnic group over others b) Competition for limited resources c) Political manipulation d) Social norms reinforcing ethnic identities
10. When politicians use ethnicity to gain power, it is a ______ reason for ethnicity. a) Economic b) Political c) Tribalism d) Social
11. Which factor involves historical disputes or tensions between ethnic groups? a) Economic reason b) Political reason c) Tribalism d) Historical factor
12. Social norms and traditions reinforcing ethnic identities are ______ factors for ethnicity. a) Economic b) Political c) Social d) Cultural
13. Which factor can lead to discrimination and division between ethnic groups? a) Economic reason b) Political reason c) Tribalism d) Historical factor
14. Giving benefits to specific ethnic groups during elections is an example of ______. a) Economic reason for ethnicity b) Political reason for ethnicity c) Tribalism d) Social factor for ethnicity
15. What are some causes of ethnicity? a) Only economic reasons b) Only political reasons c) Economic, political, tribalism, historical, and social reasons d) None of the above

Presentation

Step 1: Revising the Previous Topic (5 minutes)

• Teacher revises the previous topic: “National Values”.
• Ask pupils to share one national value they remember.
• Meaning, Problems, and Ethnic Groups in Nigeria Civic Education Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Step 2: Introducing the New Topic (5 minutes)

• Teacher writes “Causes of Ethnicity” on the board.
• Explain that ethnicity is influenced by various factors.

Step 3: Exploring the New Topic (20 minutes)

Teacher’s Activities:

1. Highlighting Causes of Ethnicity:
   • Discuss economic, political, and social reasons for ethnicity.
   • Give examples for each cause.
2. Explaining Economic Reasons:
   • Economic factors involve competition for resources like land or jobs.
   • Example: Clashes between farmers and herders over grazing land.
3. Discussing Political Reasons:
   • Political factors occur when politicians use ethnicity to gain power.
   • Example: Politicians promising benefits to specific ethnic groups during elections.
4. Understanding Social Factors:
   • Social norms and traditions can reinforce ethnic identities and differences.
   • Example: Cultural practices that emphasize loyalty to one’s ethnic group over others.

Learners’ Activities:

• Pupils will listen and take notes.
• Pupils will observe pictures and flashcards.
• Pupils will participate in discussions.

Step 4: Pupils’ Contributions and Corrections (10 minutes)

• Teacher asks pupils to share examples of economic, political, and social factors they understand.
• Teacher corrects and guides pupils’ answers.

Teacher’s Activities

• Encourage pupils to ask questions.
• Provide examples and explanations.
• Use flashcards and pictures for better understanding.

Learners’ Activities

• Answer questions.
• Share examples and ideas.
• Participate in discussions.

Assessment

• Teacher gives pupils short exercises to complete in their notebooks.

Class Activity Discussion Questions 

1. Q: What are some causes of ethnicity? A: Causes of ethnicity include economic reasons, political reasons, tribalism, historical tensions, and social norms.
2. Q: What is an economic reason for ethnicity? A: Economic reasons involve competition for resources like land or jobs among different ethnic groups.
3. Q: Can you explain political reasons for ethnicity? A: Political reasons occur when politicians use ethnicity to gain power or favor one ethnic group over others.
4. Q: What does tribalism mean? A: Tribalism is when people favor their own ethnic group over others, leading to discrimination and division.
5. Q: How do historical tensions contribute to ethnicity? A: Historical disputes or tensions between ethnic groups due to past events can deepen ethnic divisions.
6. Q: What role do social norms play in ethnicity? A: Social norms and traditions can reinforce ethnic identities and differences, influencing how people see themselves and others.
7. Q: Why is tribalism a problem in society? A: Tribalism can lead to conflicts and unfair treatment of people from different ethnic groups.
8. Q: How do economic reasons for ethnicity affect communities? A: Economic competition between ethnic groups can create tension and conflict over limited resources.
9. Q: How does political manipulation contribute to ethnicity? A: Politicians using ethnicity to gain power can deepen divisions and create mistrust among different ethnic groups.
10. Q: Can you give an example of historical tensions causing ethnicity? A: Historical disputes over land ownership or past conflicts can create lasting animosity between ethnic groups.
11. Q: What are some effects of social norms on ethnicity? A: Social norms can reinforce stereotypes and prejudices, leading to discrimination and exclusion.
12. Q: How can we address tribalism in society? A: By promoting understanding, tolerance, and cooperation among different ethnic groups.
13. Q: Why is it important to understand the causes of ethnicity? A: Understanding the causes helps us find ways to promote unity and reduce conflicts between ethnic groups.
14. Q: What can individuals do to combat ethnicity-based discrimination? A: Individuals can treat everyone with fairness and respect regardless of their ethnic background.
15. Q: How can communities work together to overcome ethnicity-related challenges? A: Communities can promote dialogue, celebrate diversity, and create inclusive environments for all ethnic groups.

Evaluation Questions

1. What are three causes of ethnicity?
2. Give an example of an economic reason for ethnicity.
3. How do political factors contribute to ethnicity?
4. Explain tribalism and its impact on ethnicity.
5. How do social norms reinforce ethnic identities?
6. Why is competition for resources a cause of ethnicity?
7. What role do politicians play in ethnicity?
8. How can social traditions affect ethnicity?
9. Why is it important to understand the causes of ethnicity?
10. What can individuals do to promote unity among different ethnic groups?

Conclusion

• Teacher goes around the class to mark pupils’ work and provide feedback.
• Summarize the lesson by revisiting key points.
• Encourage pupils to reflect on ways to promote unity and understanding among different ethnic groups.