Processing of Harvested crops eg grinding, milling, etc Agricultural Science Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10
Agricultural Science Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10
Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: Primary 5
Term: First Term
Week: 10
Age: 9 years
Topic: Processing of Harvested Crops
Sub-topic: Grinding, Milling
Duration: 40 minutes
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Describe the methods of processing crops.
- Outline the benefits of processing crops.
- Create fruit juice from harvested fruits.
Keywords: Processing, Grinding, Milling, Benefits, Fruit Juice
Set Induction:
The teacher will begin by discussing how crops are transformed into various products that we use every day. This introduction will lead into a lesson on the processing methods of grinding and milling.
Entry Behaviour:
Pupils have an understanding of harvesting and preserving crops, as well as basic knowledge of fruits and their uses.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Grinding and milling machines (or models/images)
- Examples of processed products (e.g., flour, fruit juice)
- Fruits for juicing
- Agricultural Science Textbook
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
The lesson will connect to previous topics on harvesting and preserving, showing how processing is the next step in turning raw crops into consumable products.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Practical skills
- Problem-solving
- Critical thinking
Learning Materials:
- Agricultural Science Textbook
- Models of grinding and milling equipment
- Fruits for juice-making
Reference Books:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Primary 5 Agricultural Science Textbook
Instructional Materials:
- Diagrams and images of processing machines
- Tools and materials for making fruit juice
- Samples of processed crop products
Content:
1. Methods of Processing Crops:
- Grinding: The process of breaking down grains or seeds into a finer texture, like flour. This is done using a grinding machine or mill.
- Milling: A specific type of grinding that involves separating the grain into different components, like extracting flour from wheat.
2. Benefits of Processing Crops:
- Increased Usability: Processing makes crops easier to use in various food products.
- Extended Shelf Life: Processed products often last longer than raw crops.
- Improved Taste and Texture: Processing can enhance the taste and texture of food products.
- Nutritional Value: Processing can make some nutrients more accessible in the food products.
3. Creating Fruit Juice:
- Selection: Choose ripe, fresh fruits for juicing.
- Preparation: Wash the fruits thoroughly and cut them into smaller pieces.
- Juicing: Use a fruit juicer to extract juice from the fruit pieces.
- Filtering: Strain the juice to remove pulp and seeds.
- Serving: Pour the juice into glasses and serve immediately.
15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:
- Grinding turns grains or seeds into a _______ texture.
- a) Coarse
- b) Fine
- c) Hard
- The process of extracting flour from wheat is called _______.
- a) Milling
- b) Grinding
- c) Juicing
- _______ helps in extending the shelf life of processed products.
- a) Cooking
- b) Processing
- c) Harvesting
- The process of making fruit juice involves using a _______.
- a) Grinder
- b) Juicer
- c) Mixer
- To make fruit juice, you should start by _______ the fruits.
- a) Cutting
- b) Washing
- c) Boiling
- _______ is a benefit of processing crops that improves taste and texture.
- a) Nutrition
- b) Usability
- c) Quality
- Milling is a type of _______ that separates grains into different components.
- a) Grinding
- b) Processing
- c) Cleaning
- Processed products often have a _______ shelf life compared to raw crops.
- a) Shorter
- b) Longer
- c) Same
- To extract juice, you need to _______ the fruit pieces.
- a) Strain
- b) Cut
- c) Blend
- Grinding can be done using a _______ machine or mill.
- a) Cooking
- b) Grinding
- c) Milling
- A benefit of processing crops is making them easier to _______.
- a) Transport
- b) Grow
- c) Preserve
- _______ is a method used to make flour from grains.
- a) Juicing
- b) Milling
- c) Sorting
- Processed foods can sometimes have improved _______.
- a) Size
- b) Taste
- c) Color
- The _______ is used to remove pulp and seeds from fruit juice.
- a) Juicer
- b) Grinder
- c) Sifter
- Juicing involves using a _______ to extract juice from fruits.
- a) Grinder
- b) Juicer
- c) Blender
15 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) with Answers:
- Q: What is the difference between grinding and milling?
A: Grinding breaks down grains or seeds into a finer texture, while milling separates grains into different components, like flour. - Q: How does processing crops benefit us?
A: Processing increases usability, extends shelf life, improves taste and texture, and can enhance nutritional value. - Q: What equipment is used to make fruit juice?
A: A fruit juicer is used to extract juice from fruits. - Q: Why is washing fruits important before juicing?
A: Washing removes dirt and contaminants from the fruits. - Q: What should you do if you don’t want pulp in your fruit juice?
A: Strain the juice to remove pulp and seeds. - Q: What is milling used for in crop processing?
A: Milling is used to separate grains into different components, such as flour from wheat. - Q: How does processing affect the shelf life of crops?
A: Processing often extends the shelf life of crops by making them less perishable. - Q: What is one benefit of grinding grains?
A: Grinding turns grains into a finer texture, making them suitable for baking and cooking. - Q: How can processed crops improve taste and texture?
A: Processing can enhance the flavor and texture of food products, making them more enjoyable to eat. - Q: Why is it important to process crops before consumption?
A: Processing makes crops more usable, safe, and easier to consume. - Q: Can processing affect the nutritional value of crops?
A: Yes, processing can sometimes enhance the availability of certain nutrients. - Q: What types of products can be made from processed crops?
A: Products like flour, juice, and various food ingredients can be made from processed crops. - Q: How do you prepare fruits for juicing?
A: Wash the fruits, cut them into pieces, and then use a juicer to extract the juice. - Q: What should be done after extracting juice from fruits?
A: Strain the juice to remove any remaining pulp or seeds. - Q: Why is it important to use fresh fruits for juicing?
A: Fresh fruits provide better flavor and more nutrients for the juice.
Presentation:
Step 1: The teacher will introduce the topic of crop processing and explain the methods of grinding and milling.
Step 2: The teacher will demonstrate the processes of grinding and milling using models or images. Pupils will observe how these methods turn raw crops into products like flour.
Step 3: Pupils will participate in a hands-on activity where they create fruit juice. They will follow the steps of washing, cutting, juicing, and straining fruits.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Explain and demonstrate processing methods.
- Supervise pupils as they create fruit juice.
- Discuss the benefits of processing crops and answer any questions.
Learners’ Activities:
- Observe and take notes on processing methods.
- Practice creating fruit juice.
- Discuss and explain the benefits of crop processing.
Assessment:
- Describe the methods of processing crops.
- Explain the benefits of processing crops.
- Demonstrate the steps for creating fruit juice from harvested fruits.
- Identify tools used in grinding and milling.
- Discuss why processing is important for the usability of crops.
Conclusion:
The teacher will review the key points of the lesson, assess pupils’ understanding through their activities, and provide feedback. Pupils will be encouraged to reflect on the importance of crop processing in their daily lives.