JSS 2 SECOND TERM HOME ECONOMICS REVISION

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TOPICS FOR REVISION

JSS 2 SECOND TERM REVISION HOME ECONOMICS

Jss 2 Home Economics Past Question first term second term third term. Revision Questions

Basic Pattern Drafting.

Hello JSS 2 pupils, welcome to the topic on Basic Pattern Drafting. Today, we will be talking about the process of creating a basic pattern for a garment using a few simple steps.

A pattern is like a blueprint for a garment. It shows the shape and size of the different pieces of fabric that need to be cut out and sewn together to create the final garment. Here are some basic steps to follow when drafting a pattern:

1. Take accurate measurements: The first step in drafting a pattern is to take accurate measurements of the person who will be wearing the garment. This is important because the pattern needs to be customized to fit the person’s specific body shape and size. Some common measurements that are taken include the bust, waist, hip, and length measurements.
2. Create a basic bodice block: The next step is to create a basic bodice block, which is a basic template for the upper part of the garment. This is usually done using a flat pattern drafting method, which involves drawing the shape of the bodice onto a piece of paper or cardboard.
3. Make adjustments to the bodice block: Once the basic bodice block has been created, it may need to be adjusted to fit the person’s specific measurements. This can be done by adding or removing fabric in certain areas, such as the bust or waist.
4. Create a sleeve block: If the garment will have sleeves, a sleeve block will need to be created as well. This is done using a similar flat pattern drafting method as the bodice block.
5. Combine the blocks: Once the bodice and sleeve blocks have been created and adjusted as needed, they can be combined to create the final pattern for the garment. This will involve cutting out the shapes for each piece of the garment from the paper or cardboard and then tracing them onto fabric to be cut out and sewn together.

Here are some examples of basic patterns that can be created using these steps:

1. A basic shift dress: This can be made by creating a basic bodice block and then extending it down to the desired length of the dress. Sleeves can be added if desired.
2. A basic skirt: This can be made by creating a basic waistband block and then extending it down to the desired length of the skirt.
3. A basic shirt: This can be made by creating a basic bodice block and then adding a collar, cuffs, and buttons.

Remember, these are just basic examples, and there are many variations and styles of garments that can be created using pattern drafting techniques. With practice and experience, you can learn to create your own unique patterns and designs

Evaluation

1. What is a pattern in garment making? A) The design of the fabric used B) A blueprint for a garment C) A type of sewing machine D) A tool used to cut fabric
2. What is the first step in pattern drafting? A) Choosing the fabric B) Taking accurate measurements C) Drawing the design D) Cutting the fabric
3. What is a bodice block? A) A basic template for the upper part of a garment B) A tool used to cut fabric C) A type of sewing machine D) A measurement tool
4. What is a sleeve block? A) A basic template for the sleeves of a garment B) A tool used to cut fabric C) A type of sewing machine D) A measurement tool
5. How are adjustments made to a bodice block? A) By adding or removing fabric in certain areas B) By changing the color of the fabric C) By using a different type of fabric D) By cutting the fabric differently
6. What is the final step in pattern drafting? A) Cutting out the fabric B) Choosing the thread color C) Sewing the pieces together D) Combining the blocks to create the final pattern
7. What type of garment can be made using a basic shift dress pattern? A) A coat B) A skirt C) A dress D) A shirt
8. How can a basic skirt pattern be created? A) By creating a basic waistband block and extending it down to the desired length B) By creating a basic bodice block and adding a collar and buttons C) By creating a basic sleeve block and adding a waistband D) By creating a basic dress block and shortening the length
9. What type of garment can be made using a basic shirt pattern? A) A dress B) A coat C) A skirt D) A shirt
10. What can be achieved with practice and experience in pattern drafting? A) Creating unique patterns and designs B) Cutting fabric quickly C) Sewing garments without a pattern D) Using different types of sewing machines

Family resources & decision making.

First, let’s talk about what we mean by family resources. Family resources are the things that families have that they can use to meet their needs and wants. These resources can include things like money, time, energy, skills, and knowledge.

For example, if a family has a lot of money, they may be able to buy a larger house or take vacations more often. If a family has a lot of time, they may be able to volunteer at their child’s school or take care of an elderly family member. If a family has a lot of skills and knowledge, they may be able to fix things around the house or grow their own food in a garden.

Now let’s talk about how families use their resources to make decisions. When families make decisions, they have to consider how they will use their resources to achieve their goals. For example, if a family wants to save money for a vacation, they may decide to eat out less often and cook more meals at home. If a family wants to spend more time together, they may decide to limit their children’s extracurricular activities so they can have more family time.

In addition, families also have to consider the trade-offs of their decisions. Trade-offs are the things that families give up when they make a certain decision. For example, if a family decides to buy a new car, they may have to give up going on a vacation that year because they don’t have enough money for both.

Family resources and decision making are important topics because they help us understand how families use what they have to achieve their goals and make important decisions. Remember, when families make decisions, they have to consider how they will use their resources and the trade-offs of their decisions. By doing this, families can make informed decisions that help them achieve their goals and live happy and fulfilling lives

Evaluation

1. What are family resources? A) Things that families have that they can use to meet their needs and wants B) People who live in the same house C) Places where families go to spend time together D) Things that families want but can’t have
2. Which of the following is an example of a family resource? A) A car B) A pet C) A park D) A video game
3. What is a trade-off in decision making? A) The things that families give up when they make a certain decision B) The things that families gain when they make a certain decision C) The things that families have to do before making a decision D) The things that families buy when they make a certain decision
4. What is an example of a trade-off in decision making? A) Eating out less often to save money B) Going on a vacation C) Buying a new car D) Taking a cooking class
5. When families make decisions, what do they have to consider? A) How they will use their resources to achieve their goals B) Which decision will make them the happiest C) Which decision is the easiest to make D) Which decision is the cheapest
6. What is an example of using family resources to make a decision? A) Cooking more meals at home to save money B) Taking a vacation without a budget C) Buying a new car without doing research D) Spending more money on eating out
7. What is an example of a family resource that is not related to money? A) Time B) Car C) House D) Clothes
8. How do families use their resources to achieve their goals? A) By making informed decisions B) By choosing the easiest option C) By ignoring trade-offs D) By spending all of their money
9. What is an example of a family goal? A) Saving money for a vacation B) Eating out at restaurants every day C) Spending all of their money on clothes D) Buying a new car every year
10. Why is understanding family resources and decision making important? A) It helps us understand how families use what they have to achieve their goals B) It helps us understand how families waste their resources C) It helps us understand how families spend their time D) It helps us understand how families choose their friends

Food nutrients.

MEANING OF SOME CLASSES OF FOOD

Food nutrients refer to the different types of substances that are present in food and are essential for the growth, development, and maintenance of the human body. Nutrients are classified into six broad categories: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

1. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are one of the most important nutrients that the body needs. They are the main source of energy for the body and are found in foods such as bread, rice, pasta, fruits, and vegetables.
2. Proteins: Proteins are essential for the growth and repair of the body’s tissues. They are found in foods such as meat, fish, eggs, beans, and nuts.
3. Fats: Fats are an important source of energy and help the body absorb vitamins. They are found in foods such as meat, dairy products, oils, and nuts.
4. Vitamins: Vitamins are essential for the proper functioning of the body. They help the body grow, develop, and stay healthy. Vitamins are found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and meat.
5. Minerals: Minerals are essential for maintaining healthy bones, teeth, and muscles. They are found in foods such as meat, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables.
6. Water: Water is essential for the body as it helps to regulate body temperature, carry nutrients to the cells, and remove waste from the body. It is found in foods such as fruits and vegetables, and is also consumed as a beverage.

Consuming a balanced diet that contains all of these nutrients in the right amounts is essential for maintaining good health. A diet that is lacking in any of these nutrients can lead to various health problems. For example, a diet that is low in carbohydrates can cause fatigue and weakness, while a diet that is low in protein can lead to muscle wasting and weakness.

In addition to consuming a balanced diet, it is also important to avoid consuming too much of certain nutrients, such as saturated fats, sugar, and salt. Consuming too much of these nutrients can lead to health problems such as obesity, high blood pressure, and heart disease

Evaluation

1. What are the six broad categories of nutrients? A) Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water B) Carbohydrates, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, and fiber C) Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, fiber, and water D) Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, fiber, and sugar
2. Which nutrient is the main source of energy for the body? A) Proteins B) Fats C) Vitamins D) Carbohydrates
3. Which nutrient is essential for the growth and repair of the body’s tissues? A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Fats D) Vitamins
4. Which nutrient is essential for maintaining healthy bones, teeth, and muscles? A) Vitamins B) Water C) Minerals D) Fiber
5. Which nutrient is essential for regulating body temperature and carrying nutrients to the cells? A) Vitamins B) Minerals C) Water D) Fiber
6. Which nutrient is essential for absorbing vitamins? A) Proteins B) Fats C) Carbohydrates D) Minerals
7. What health problems can consuming too much saturated fats, sugar, and salt lead to? A) Obesity, high blood pressure, and heart disease B) Weakness, muscle wasting, and fatigue C) Dental problems, bone weakness, and poor vision D) Digestive problems, poor skin health, and memory loss
8. Which foods are a good source of carbohydrates? A) Meat, fish, and eggs B) Bread, rice, and pasta C) Dairy products and oils D) Fruits and vegetables
9. Which foods are a good source of proteins? A) Fruits and vegetables B) Bread, rice, and pasta C) Meat, fish, and eggs D) Dairy products and oils
10. Why is consuming a balanced diet that contains all nutrients essential for good health? A) It helps the body grow, develop, and stay healthy B) It prevents the body from absorbing vitamins C) It regulates body temperature and removes waste from the body D) It causes health problems such as obesity and heart disease

Food hygiene & methods of Cooking

Food hygiene and methods of cooking are important aspects of food preparation and consumption that can have a significant impact on our health.

1. Food hygiene refers to the measures that are taken to ensure that food is safe to eat and free from harmful microorganisms. This includes things like washing hands before handling food, cooking food thoroughly, storing food at the correct temperature, and keeping kitchen surfaces clean.
2. Methods of cooking refer to the different ways in which food can be cooked. Some common methods of cooking include boiling, baking, grilling, frying, roasting, and steaming.

Here are some examples of food hygiene practices and methods of cooking:

Food Hygiene Practices:

1. Washing hands: Before handling food, it is important to wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to remove any dirt or bacteria.
2. Separating raw and cooked foods: Raw meats, poultry, and fish should be kept separate from cooked foods to prevent cross-contamination.
3. Cooking food thoroughly: Foods should be cooked to the correct temperature to ensure that any harmful microorganisms are destroyed.
4. Storing food properly: Foods should be stored at the correct temperature to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. Raw meats, poultry, and fish should be stored in the fridge or freezer, and cooked foods should be kept at a temperature above 60°C.

Methods of Cooking:

1. Boiling: Boiling is a method of cooking food in a pot of boiling water. This method is often used to cook pasta, vegetables, and eggs.
2. Baking: Baking involves cooking food in an oven using dry heat. This method is often used to cook bread, cakes, and other baked goods.
3. Grilling: Grilling involves cooking food over an open flame or hot coals. This method is often used to cook meats and vegetables.
4. Frying: Frying involves cooking food in hot oil. This method is often used to cook foods such as French fries, chicken, and fish.
5. Roasting: Roasting involves cooking food in an oven using dry heat. This method is often used to cook meats and vegetables.
6. Steaming: Steaming involves cooking food in steam. This method is often used to cook vegetables and seafood.

Overall, food hygiene practices and methods of cooking are important aspects of food preparation that can have a significant impact on our health. By following good food hygiene practices and using appropriate methods of cooking, we can ensure that the food we eat is safe and healthy

Evaluation

1. What does food hygiene refer to? A) Measures taken to ensure that food is safe to eat and free from harmful microorganisms B) Ways in which food can be cooked C) Methods of storing food D) Ways to flavor food
2. Which of the following is an example of food hygiene practice? A) Cooking food at a high temperature B) Storing food in a warm place C) Washing hands before handling food D) Mixing raw and cooked food together
3. What is the purpose of washing hands before handling food? A) To remove dirt and bacteria from hands B) To keep hands warm C) To add flavor to the food D) To speed up the cooking process
4. Which of the following is a method of cooking food using dry heat? A) Boiling B) Frying C) Steaming D) Baking
5. Which of the following is a method of cooking food over an open flame or hot coals? A) Boiling B) Baking C) Grilling D) Steaming
6. Which of the following is a method of cooking food in steam? A) Grilling B) Baking C) Steaming D) Frying
7. What is the correct temperature for storing cooked foods? A) Below 0°C B) Between 4°C and 60°C C) Above 60°C D) Between 0°C and 4°C
8. What is the purpose of cooking food thoroughly? A) To add flavor to the food B) To speed up the cooking process C) To ensure that any harmful microorganisms are destroyed D) To make the food look more appetizing
9. What is the correct way to store raw meats, poultry, and fish? A) In a warm place B) At room temperature C) In the fridge or freezer D) In a cupboard
10. Why is food hygiene and methods of cooking important? A) It can have a significant impact on our health B) It can make the food taste better C) It can make the food look more appetizing D) It can make the cooking process faster

Practical (Preparation of balanced meal )

Preparing a balanced meal is important to ensure that you get all the nutrients your body needs to stay healthy. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to prepare a balanced meal:

Step 1: Choose a Protein Source Protein is essential for building and repairing muscle tissue. Some examples of protein sources include lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, and tofu.

Step 2: Choose a Carbohydrate Source Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Some examples of carbohydrate sources include whole grains, such as brown rice and whole wheat bread, fruits, and vegetables.

Step 3: Choose a Vegetable Vegetables provide important vitamins and minerals that are essential for good health. Choose a variety of colorful vegetables, such as spinach, broccoli, carrots, or tomatoes.

Step 4: Add a Healthy Fat Fats are essential for good health, but it’s important to choose healthy fats. Examples of healthy fats include avocado, nuts, seeds, and olive oil.

Step 5: Add Flavor and Seasonings Adding flavor and seasonings to your meal can make it more enjoyable. Try using herbs and spices to add flavor, such as garlic, ginger, or basil.

Step 6: Balance your Meal Make sure your meal has a good balance of protein, carbohydrates, vegetables, and healthy fats. You can also include a small serving of fruit for dessert.

Here is an example of a balanced meal:

Grilled chicken breast with a side of brown rice and sautéed vegetables (broccoli, carrots, and red bell pepper). Drizzle with a tablespoon of olive oil for added healthy fats. Season with herbs and spices such as garlic, thyme, and black pepper. Serve with a small fruit salad for dessert

Evaluation

1. What is the purpose of preparing a balanced meal? A) To ensure that you get all the nutrients your body needs to stay healthy B) To save money on food C) To reduce the amount of food you need to eat D) To make the food taste better
2. What is a good source of protein for a balanced meal? A) Ice cream B) Broccoli C) Chicken D) Cookies
3. What is a good source of carbohydrates for a balanced meal? A) Spinach B) Whole grains C) Fried chicken D) Candy
4. Why is it important to choose a variety of colorful vegetables for a balanced meal? A) They provide important vitamins and minerals B) They are low in calories C) They are high in fat D) They don’t taste good
5. What is an example of a healthy fat that can be added to a balanced meal? A) Butter B) Avocado C) Ice cream D) Fried chicken
6. What is the purpose of adding flavor and seasonings to a balanced meal? A) To make the meal more enjoyable B) To increase the amount of protein in the meal C) To reduce the amount of carbohydrates in the meal D) To make the meal look more appealing
7. How can you balance your meal? A) By making sure it has a good balance of protein, carbohydrates, vegetables, and healthy fats B) By eating only one type of food C) By reducing the amount of food you eat D) By skipping meals
8. What is an example of a balanced meal? A) Fried chicken and French fries B) Grilled chicken breast with brown rice and sautéed vegetables C) Pizza and soda D) Ice cream sundae
9. What is a good way to add flavor to a balanced meal? A) By adding salt and sugar B) By using herbs and spices C) By adding more fat D) By using processed foods
10. What is the benefit of eating a balanced meal? A) It ensures that you get all the nutrients your body needs to stay healthy B) It is cheaper than eating unhealthy foods C) It doesn’t taste as good as unhealthy foods D) It doesn’t require any preparation time

CLEANING COOKING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Kitchen tools and equipment.

Food purchasing.

Methods of food preservation

Edge finisher

An edge finisher is a tool used to trim and finish the edges of fabric or leather. It is used to give a clean, professional-looking edge to the material and prevent it from fraying. There are different types of edge finishers available, such as handheld or tabletop models.

The process of using an edge finisher involves:

1. Trimming the edge of the fabric or leather to the desired length.
2. Feeding the edge of the material into the edge finisher.
3. Running the edge finisher along the length of the material to trim and finish the edge.

Some edge finishers are designed to apply a binding tape or bias binding to the edge of the fabric or leather. This can be useful for creating a neat, decorative edge.

Edge finishers can be used on a variety of materials, including cotton, polyester, silk, leather, and vinyl. They are commonly used in the manufacturing of clothing, bags, and accessories.

It is important to choose the right type of edge finisher for the material being used. Different materials may require different types of blades or settings to achieve the desired finish. It is also important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and safety guidelines when using an edge finisher.

An edge finisher is a useful tool for anyone who works with fabric or leather and wants to achieve a clean, professional-looking edge. With the right technique and equipment, anyone can use an edge finisher to create high-quality finished products

Evaluation

1. What is an edge finisher used for? A) To trim and finish the edges of fabric or leather B) To cut out shapes from fabric or leather C) To add buttons to fabric or leather D) To sew two pieces of fabric or leather together
2. What is the purpose of using an edge finisher? A) To give a clean, professional-looking edge to the material B) To add texture to the material C) To create a pattern on the material D) To stretch the material
3. What are some materials that can be used with an edge finisher? A) Cotton, silk, and leather B) Metal, plastic, and wood C) Glass, ceramic, and stone D) Paper, cardboard, and foam
4. What should you do before using an edge finisher? A) Trim the edge of the material to the desired length B) Run the edge finisher along the length of the material C) Cut out a shape from the material D) Stretch the material
5. How do you use an edge finisher? A) Feed the edge of the material into the edge finisher and run it along the length of the material B) Attach the edge finisher to the material and press a button C) Hold the edge finisher against the material and manually trim the edge D) Use a brush to apply the edge finisher to the material
6. What can an edge finisher be used for besides trimming and finishing the edges of fabric or leather? A) To apply a binding tape or bias binding to the edge of the material B) To add texture to the material C) To create a pattern on the material D) To stretch the material
7. Why is it important to choose the right type of edge finisher for the material being used? A) Different materials may require different types of blades or settings to achieve the desired finish B) Using the wrong type of edge finisher can damage the material C) The wrong type of edge finisher can cause the material to fray D) The wrong type of edge finisher can cause the material to stretch
8. What types of products can an edge finisher be used to make? A) Clothing, bags, and accessories B) Jewelry, pottery, and sculptures C) Electronics, appliances, and furniture D) Toys, games, and puzzles
9. What is the benefit of using an edge finisher? A) It can help create a neat, professional-looking edge B) It can be used to add texture to the material C) It can be used to create a pattern on the material D) It can be used to stretch the material
10. What should you do to ensure safe and effective use of an edge finisher? A) Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and safety guidelines B) Use the edge finisher without any protective gear C) Modify the edge finisher to suit your needs D) Use the edge finisher on any material, regardless of its properties

Revision

Examination