Mastering the Principles of Art for Better Designs Cultural and Creative Arts JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Lesson Plan: Principles of Art and Design

Subject:

Cultural and Creative Arts

Class:

JSS 2

Term:

First Term

Week:

2

Age:

12-13 years

Topic:

Principles of Art and Design

Sub-topic:

Understanding the Principles of Art and Their Applications

Duration:

40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define the principles of art.
2. Mention at least five principles of art.
3. Define rhythm in art.
4. Explain the application of the principles of art and design.

Keywords:

• Principles
• Harmony
• Balance
• Rhythm
• Proportion
• Repetition

Set Induction:

The teacher displays various artworks showing different arrangements of elements like shapes, colours, and lines. The teacher asks the students which of the artworks they find more appealing and why, guiding them to think about balance, variety, and unity in the designs.

Entry Behaviour:

Students are already familiar with the elements of art, including lines, shapes, and colours.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Various printed examples of artworks.
• Colourful cut-out shapes (geometric and organic).
• A chart displaying the principles of art.
• Drawing materials (pencils, crayons, and rulers).

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students have learned about the elements of art in the previous lesson. Today, they will learn how these elements are organized using the principles of art to create beautiful and unified designs.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Creative thinking
• Collaboration
• Observation
• Problem-solving

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for JSS 2
• Cultural and Creative Arts Textbook for JSS 2

Instructional Materials:

• Printed artworks
• Drawing papers
• Colouring materials

Content:

Meaning/Definition of Principles of Art

The principles of art are the guidelines for organizing and arranging the elements of art in an artwork to create harmony and unity. These principles help artists create well-structured and appealing designs.

Examples of Principles of Art

• Harmony/Unity: Agreement among elements in an artwork, creating a satisfying design.
• Variety/Contrast: Use of different elements or varying sizes of elements in a design to create interest.
• Balance: Equal distribution of elements like colour, shape, and line to achieve stability in design.
• Rhythm: Repetition of elements in a design to create a flow or movement.
• Dominance: Emphasizing one element in a design, making it the center of interest.
• Proportion: The relationship between various components of an artwork, ensuring a balanced distribution of elements.
• Repetition: Using an element several times in a design to form a pattern.
• Graduation: Producing tonal values in colours to enhance depth in design.
• Overlapping: Placing one element over another to create depth or layering in a design.

Application of Principles of Art and Design:

• Harmony helps to create a cohesive and pleasing artwork.
• Balance ensures that no part of the artwork is too heavy or light.
• Rhythm guides the viewer’s eye through the artwork.
• Dominance highlights the most important part of the design.

Board Summary:

1. Principles of Art: Rules for organizing elements in a design to achieve unity.
2. Examples of Principles: Harmony, Variety, Balance, Rhythm, Dominance, Proportion, Repetition, Graduation, Overlapping.
3. Application: The principles ensure that elements of art are arranged in a way that makes the design appealing.

Principles of Art:

1. The principles of art help in the proper arrangement of the _______ of art.
   a) tools
   b) elements
   c) papers
   d) brushes
2. _______ refers to the equal distribution of elements like colour, shape, and line in a design.
   a) Variety
   b) Dominance
   c) Balance
   d) Proportion
3. The agreement of all elements in an artwork is called _______.
   a) Variety
   b) Unity
   c) Rhythm
   d) Repetition
4. _______ refers to the use of an element more constantly in one part of a design.
   a) Rhythm
   b) Balance
   c) Dominance
   d) Variety
5. The principle of _______ is the art of using different elements to create interest in a design.
   a) Balance
   b) Dominance
   c) Proportion
   d) Variety
6. When an element in a design is repeated over and over again, it is called _______.
   a) Graduation
   b) Repetition
   c) Overlapping
   d) Proportion
7. _______ refers to the relationship between the various parts of an artwork to achieve balance.
   a) Harmony
   b) Proportion
   c) Repetition
   d) Dominance
8. The repeated use of elements like shapes and colours in a design to create movement is known as _______.
   a) Graduation
   b) Balance
   c) Rhythm
   d) Variety
9. _______ is when one element is placed over another in a design to create depth.
   a) Dominance
   b) Overlapping
   c) Balance
   d) Variety
10. The principle of _______ involves the gradual change in tones or colours in a design.
    a) Rhythm
    b) Graduation
    c) Variety
    d) Balance
11. In a design, the centre of interest or emphasis is referred to as _______.
    a) Balance
    b) Dominance
    c) Rhythm
    d) Harmony
12. A continuous pattern of repeating elements creates _______ in a design.
    a) Rhythm
    b) Proportion
    c) Variety
    d) Overlapping
13. In an artwork, _______ helps to prevent one side of the design from feeling too heavy compared to the other side.
    a) Variety
    b) Balance
    c) Dominance
    d) Overlapping
14. The principle of _______ involves arranging all elements in such a way that they work together as a whole.
    a) Unity
    b) Repetition
    c) Overlapping
    d) Dominance
15. _______ is the principle that allows the use of different sizes or colours to make a design more interesting.
    a) Proportion
    b) Harmony
    c) Variety
    d) Balance

Presentation (Steps 1-3):

Step 1 (Revision):
The teacher revises the elements of art with the students, asking them to name and explain basic elements like line, shape, and colour.

Step 2 (Introduction of New Topic):
The teacher introduces the new topic by explaining that the principles of art guide the way elements are arranged in artworks to make them look beautiful and organized.

Step 3 (Contributions and Corrections):
The teacher invites students to observe and analyze printed examples of artworks. Students share their thoughts on how the principles of art are applied, and the teacher corrects their observations where necessary.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explains the meaning and importance of the principles of art.
• Demonstrates how each principle works using printed examples.
• Asks students questions to assess their understanding of the principles.
• Meaning/Definition of Principles of Art

  Principles of art are rules guiding the use and arrangement of elements of art to achieve order and unity in artwork. The combination of the principles of art is essential in a work of art because it helps the artist to achieve harmony.

  Examples of the principles are variety, balance, rhythm, proportion, dominance, repetition, graduation, overlapping and harmony.

  HARMONY/UNITY

  This is the agreement of all elements in an art composition. It suggests satisfaction in design.

  VARIETY/CONTRAST

  It is the art of using different elements or varying the sizes of the elements of design. The objects in a design are not always of the same colour or size but are varied.

  BALANCE

  It is the equal distribution of elements like colour, shape, line, value etc to achieve a balance in design. This is the most fundamental of the principles of art.

  RHYTHM

  It is a continuous repetition of elements in design which reflect a specific flow pattern.

  DOMINANCE

  It is the principle of art which refers to the use of an element like colour or shape more constantly in one design than the other. It is the centre of interest or emphasis in a design.

   

  PROPORTION

  This is the relationship between the various components of an art work, it involves the proper distribution of elements in such a way that one part will not be too crowded while there is an empty space on the other side.

  REPETITION

  It is the repeated use of a number of elements in a design. It is simply the use of an element as many times as possible in a design to form a pattern.

  GRADUATION

  It is the art of producing tonal value in colour applied to a design.

  OVERLAPPING

  This is the overlaying of one element on another in a design.

   

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen attentively to the teacher’s explanations.
• Observe and analyze artworks based on the principles of art.
• Participate in class discussions about the application of the principles in various designs.
• EVALUATION

  Objectives 

  1. Which of the following principles of design is mostly used by textile designers? _________(a)Registration (b) emphasis (c) proportion (d) repetition
  2. What principle of art and design makes pattern making a domineering presence over other colours ?_________ (a) balance (b) Proportion (c) rhythm (d) Repetiton
  3. When some art elements are given equal weight in a work of
     art,……………is achieved.(a) balance (b) proportion (c)rhythm (d)
     repetition
  4. The use of opposing, contrasting or diversifying elements in a
     composition thereby adding individualism and interest to such
     work is called.
     (a) balance (b) repetition (c) variety (d) harmony
  5. The use of closely related line, colour and shape in pattern
     making creates a sense of
     (a) harmony (b) repetition (c)balance (d) proportion

  Theory

  1. Define principles of art.
  2. Mention any two (2) principles of art
  3. What is Rhythm
  4. What is repetition
  5. Define craft.
  6. Name 2 types of craft.
  7. List five examples of fabric crafts.
  8. Mention three examples of paper crafts.
  9. What is craft
  10. Mention 5 types of craft

   

Evaluation Questions:

1. What are the principles of art?
2. Mention five principles of art.
3. Define harmony in art.
4. Explain the principle of balance in art.
5. What is rhythm in art?
6. How does dominance work in a design?
7. Describe the principle of repetition in art.
8. What is graduation in art?
9. Explain the concept of proportion in art.
10. How is overlapping used in a design?

Conclusion:

The teacher walks around the class, marking the students’ work and providing feedback on their understanding of the principles of art.

More Useful Links

• Exploring Nigerian Art and Culture: Key Principles, Artists, and More
• PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ARTS LESSON NOTE PLAN PRIMARY 4 WEEK 5
• Principles and Elements of Art and Design Cultural and Creative Arts JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4