Basic Science JSS 3 THIRD TERM LESSON NOTES AND SCHEME OF WORK

THIRD TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT:  BASIC SCIENCE     

                                                                 CLASS:  JSS3

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEKS            TOPICS

1. REVISION
2. MAN IN SPACE
3. OUR DISAPPEARING FOREST
4. CONTROLLING THE WEATHER
5. FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION
6.  – 13. REVISION AND EXAMINATION

WEEK 1 Date:……………………….

REVISION OF LAST TERM’S WORK

WEEK 2 Date:……………………….

TOPIC:            MAN IN SPACE

FEELING OF MAN IN SPACE

When a man stands on the floor, his weight acts down on the floor and the floor acts back on the man with a reaction equal in magnitude to his weight. The man feels the reaction from the floor and this makes him aware of how heavy he is. He could actually read his weight by standing on a bathroom-weighing machine. The machine records the value of he reaction on him. If the man carries the machine into a lift and stand on it, the machine gives the same as before for his weight.

The earth is surrounded by a layer of air called atmosphere. This atmosphere is divided into about four regions namely troposphere, stratosphere, ionosphere, and exosphere. The place beyond the atmosphere which is extremely large is called space.

EVALUATION

(1)         What is the name given to a layer of air that surrounded the earth?

(2)         What is the place beyond the atmosphere called?

SUBTOPIC: GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

Gravitational force is a force which attracts bodies towards the earth.

When you throw any object up, it is observed that the object is forced back to the ground. This also accounts for why fruits fall to the ground from the tree, and do not rise upwards again. The earth is behaving like a magnet

Gravity is the force with which the earth attracts objects towards its centre. Gravitation pull comes from this concept of gravity.

EVALUATION

1. Define gravitational force
2. What is gravity?

SUB-TOPIC: 

THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL AND WEIGHT

The amount of force with which gravity pulls an object depends on three things namely:

• The mass of the object
• The mass of the earth
• The distance between the centre of the object and the earth

There is difference in weight when an object is weighed on the surface of the earth and when it is weighed high above the earth’s surface. The weight of an object can change as it is moved from one place to another whereas some mass does not change unless some amount of material is taken away from it or added to it.

EVALUATION

1. Mention three factors by which the amount of force with which gravity pulls an object it depends on.

SUB-TOPIC:

WEIGHTLESSNESS

• Weightlessness is a feeling of being weightless.
• It does not mean having no weight.
• Weight is the force exerted by the earth on a body.
• A body is really never weightless of gravitational pull or another.

SPACE TRAVEL

The scientist are occupied with space travel in order to view the earth and to know how possible is life on the other planets

The force which keeps the body moving round the earth is called centrifugal force. Weightlessness makes object to float freely.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The moon is called the satellite of the earth because ______

(a) it rotates round the earth

(b) It rotates round the sun

(c) It is close to the earth

(d) It is in the universe

2. The quantity of matter in a body is called (a) weight (b) mass (c) gravity    (d) height
3. The earth is surrounded by these layers except (a) Locosphere (b) Exosphere   (c) Stratosphere (c) Ionosphere
4. The place beyond the atmosphere which is extremely large is called ____ (a) space (b) mass (c) vacant (d) vacuum

THEORY

1. What is weightlessness?
2. What is centrifugal force?

WEEK 3 Date:……………………….

TOPIC:           

OUR DISAPPEARING FOREST

Human activities such as road construction, house building, siting of industries, burning of forests for farming and hunting, and burning of wood as fuel for cooking purposes reduce the number of large trees we have and so destroy the forests. And so our forest is disappearing.

Deforestation: is the cutting down of trees in our forest.

Afforestation: is the planting of trees where they have not existed before.

Reforestation: is the replanting of threes where they were originally before.

THE EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION

1. Gradual disappearance of wild life in our environment.
2. Our soil is exposed to flood erosion.

iii.         Gradual disappearance of forest and the consequent high cost of fire wood, tuber, paper and other by products of wood.

EVALUATION

1. What is Deforestation?
2. What are the effects of deforestation?

SUBTOPIC: 

CAUSES OF THE DISAPPEARANCE OF FORESTS.

1. Mature forests are almost non-existent in West Africa, today due to human activities.
2. Poor farming methods like shifting cultivation have led to deforestation.
3. Overgrazing by animal
4. Use of timber in building houses, furniture and bridges.
5. Most people in rural areas use firewood abundantly for cooking

2. Desert encroachment such as the Sahara Desert is due to climate factors.

EVALUATION

1. Mention three causes of the disappearance of forest due to human activities.

SUBTOPIC:

WAYS OF PRESERVING OUR FORESTS.

1. Reforestation i.e. our forest should be replanted.
2. Nomadic way of life in Nigeria should be avoided in order to prevent grazing.
3. Modern method of farming should be adopted and poor method of farming should be abolished.
4. Checking of desert encroachment by irrigation of the area and afforestation.
5. Other fuels such as kerosene, gas etc should mainly be used for cooking in order to minimize the quantity of firewood used annually.

EVALUATION

1. Mention ways of preserving our forests.

SUBTOPIC:  NITROGEN CYCLE

Nitrogen is an essential constituent of proteins, a group of substances found in all living cells. About 79% of air is made up of gaseous nitrogen. In nature, nitrogen is constantly being removed from the soil and returned to it via the nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen moves in cycle in the community just as water does.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The importance of our forest are the following except that forest

(a) Provides wood for building and furniture

(b) Provides pulp and paper

(c) It harbours animals that we eat and use their skins for making bags, drums, and dresses.

(d) All of the above are the uses forest

2. Paper is obtained from ____ (a) wood crops (b) textile crops (c) flower (d) leaves
3. What percentage is the gas that supports burning in the air? (a) 79% (b) 0.03% (c) 80% (d) 0.003%
4. Modern tools are better than the traditional tools for the following reasons except

(a) They are smaller and handy (b) Much human energy is needed

(c) Little human energy is needed.

(d) No human energy is needed.

THEORY

1. What is (a) Reforestation/   (b) Afforestation?
2. Draw Nitrogen cycle

WEEK 4 Date:……………………….

TOPIC:

CONTROLLING THE WEATHER

Weather is the state of condition of the atmosphere at a given time. It is a state of the atmosphere with regards to temperature, wind, precipitation, air pressure and other factors.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and the changes that take place in weather. Meteorologist forecast the future condition of weather by studying, observing, recording and analyzing the condition of the atmosphere.

EVALUATION

1. What is meteorology?
2. Define weather.

SUBTOPIC: SIMPLE WEATHER CONDITION

1. Temperature: is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. In weather observation, temperature is measured by an instrument called the maximum and minimum thermometer.
2. Rainfall: The amount of rainfall is measured by an instrument called the rain-gauge. After rainfall, the volume of water collected is measured using graduated cylinder.
3. Atmospheric Pressure: Pressure is defined as force per unit area. The bombardment of a surface by particles gives rise to pressure.

The instrument used for measuring pressure is called the barometer.

4. Relative humidity: is the ratio of the amount of moisture in the air that could hold temperature if it were completely saturated.

When air is saturated, relative humidity is high; rainfall is quite likely and vice versa. The instrument normally used to measure the amount of water vapour in the air is wet-and-dry bulb thermometer known as hygrometer.

5. Wind direction is measured by using wind vane.
6. Wind speed is measured by using anemometer.

EVALUATION

1. What is relative humidity?
2. Name six important instruments for measuring weather

SUBTOPIC:  EFFECT OF WEATHER ON HUMAN ACTIVITIES

Weather plays an important part in human activities. Weather changes constantly. One day it is dry and sunny, the next day cloudy and rainy. Farmers need good weather so that crops can grow and ripe.

Rainfall could have prevented you from coming to school or disturbed parts of your programme.

Weather sometimes affects sales in market places. Transportation and communication also suffer in bad weather.

Note:

1. The line on a chart joining all places having the same amount of rainfall is called isohyets
2. The line on a chart which joins all places having the same barometric pressure is called isobar
3. The line on a chart which joins all places having the same temperature is called isotherm.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The instrument used in measuring air pressure is ______

(a) Anemometer (b) hygrometer (c) barometer (d) thermometer

2. The degree of distance to which things can be seen under certain weather conditions is called _____ (a) wind vane (b) visibility (c) feasibility (d) clouds
3. All the following affect the weather of a place except_____

(a) Wind (b) humidity (c) gravity (d) rainfall

4. The speed of the wind can be determined, using an instrument called ____ (a) wind vane (b) anemometer (c) barometer (d) rain gauge

THEORY

1. What is weather?
2. Mention six factors that can affect weather.

WEEK 5 Date:……………………….

TOPIC:

FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION

Teenage pregnancy refers to pregnancy in a girl between the ages of 10-19. Teenage pregnancy is usually unintended and unwanted. The fact that you are at pubertal age and can get pregnant physically does not mean that you are really mature to be pregnant socially, emotionally, educationally even financially.

Teenage pregnancy can be dangerous for both the mother and the unborn child. Complication at child birth, and unsafe abortion, usually result from teenage pregnancy.

SUBTOPIC: CONSEQUENCES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY

The following are some of the consequences of a girl who got pregnant at the unripe age of teens.

1. Health Risks: Pregnancy induced hypertension, which can cause heart failure and death of both mother and the child. This type of pregnancy can lead to a condition whereby the girl’s pelvic opening is too small to allow the infants head to pass during delivery. This may cause tear between the vagina and the urinary tract or rectum. Caesarian section (C.S) may result because the hips are not widened enough for the baby to come through the pelvis.
2. Unsafe Abortion: Since teenage pregnancy is unwanted, they are likely to seek abortion from untrained health care providers or can go on self medication for self induced abortion.
3. Socio-economic:
4. Termination of education.
5. Stigmatization

iii.         Life span and career goals are disrupted

1. Early marriage due to pregnancy
2. Isolation from peers and low self esteem
3. Low income and economic dependence

vii.        Force marriage

viii.       Poverty

1. Emotional feeling of guilt and fear
2. Loose of childhood and adopting to adulthood.

EVALUATION

1. What is education?
2. Mention seven implications of teenage pregnancy

SUBTOPIC:  MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT PREGNANCY

1. Young girls should not use contraceptives: Girls should abstain from sexual intercourse so as to prevent themselves using contraceptives but some girls are smart, if they have sexual intercourse and use contraceptives. Thus contraceptives are for bad girls.

The contraceptives causes the following

• It destroys the womb
• It makes one infertile for life
• It makes one thin
• It reduces one’s breast size

2. The condom reduces sensitivity during sexual intercourse.
3. A woman can get pregnant as a result of kiss.
4. It is better for a woman to have children while still young as she can see them grow. The ideal age for pregnancy is between 25 and 35.
5. For a woman to obtain the love of a man, she must have child for him.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. The female reproductive sex cells is (a) sperm (b) ovum (c) Testis (d) scrotum
2. The two types of family are (a) nuclear and extended family

(b) Mother and father family (c) nuclear and niece family

(d) Extended and nephew family

3. A nuclear family is ____ (a) is a family bombarded with nuclear weapon

(b) Is a family that includes father, grand mother, and children?

(c) Is a family that includes father, mother and children?

(d) Is a family that includes father, mother and blood relations?

4. The specialized care or service given to a pregnant woman before she gives birth is called ______ (a) Post natal care (b) intra partum care (d) pregnancy care (d) pre natal care.
5. What type of reproduction does man perform?

(a) Sexual (b) asexual (c) none of the above (d) all of the above

THEORY

1. Mention five reasons why you will not engage in sexual intercourse now as a JSS 3 student.