Lesson Plan: English Grammar – Primary 5 First Term – Present Perfect Tense

General Information

• Subject: English Grammar
• Class: Primary 5
• Term: First Term
• Week: 10
• Age: 9 years
• Topic: Present Perfect Tense
• Sub-topic: Understanding and Using the Present Perfect Tense
• Duration: 60 minutes

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Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Explain the present perfect tense.
2. Provide examples of the present perfect tense.
3. Convert present tense sentences to present perfect tense with examples and vice versa.

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Keywords

• Present Perfect
• Auxiliary Verb
• Past Participle
• Tense
• Has / Have
• Action

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Set Induction (Introduction)

The teacher writes the following sentences on the board:

1. I eat my lunch.
2. I have eaten my lunch.

The teacher then asks pupils:

• What is the difference between these sentences?
• Which one tells us that the action is already completed?

The teacher explains that the second sentence is in the present perfect tense, which shows that an action has been completed at an unspecified time in the past or has a connection to the present.

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Entry Behavior

Pupils already have knowledge of the present tense and past tense from previous lessons.

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Learning Resources and Materials

• Flashcards with present perfect tense examples
• Sentence strips for conversion exercises
• A timeline chart showing different tenses

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Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

The teacher reminds pupils about the simple present and past tense and how they describe actions happening now or in the past. Then, the teacher introduces the present perfect tense, which connects the past and present.

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Embedded Core Skills

• Listening and Speaking
• Reading and Writing
• Communication
• Critical Thinking

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Learning Materials

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• New Oxford Primary English Book 5

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Instructional Materials

• Verb flashcards
• Whiteboard and markers
• Sentence-building exercises

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Lesson Content

1. Definition of Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that:

• Happened at an unspecified time in the past
• Started in the past and continue in the present

It is formed using:
HAS/HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Examples:

• I have eaten my lunch.
• She has finished her homework.
• They have traveled to London.

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2. Structure of the Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is formed using:

Subject	Has / Have	Past Participle
I	have	eaten
She	has	written
They	have	gone
He	has	played
We	have	studied

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3. When to Use the Present Perfect Tense

1. To describe actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past
   • Example: I have visited the museum.
     (We do not know when exactly.)
2. To describe an action that started in the past and is still happening
   • Example: She has lived in Lagos for five years.
3. To describe past actions with results in the present
   • Example: He has broken his leg. (His leg is still broken.)

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4. Converting Present Tense to Present Perfect Tense

Present Tense	Present Perfect Tense
I eat breakfast.	I have eaten breakfast.
She writes a letter.	She has written a letter.
They travel to Abuja.	They have traveled to Abuja.
He finishes his homework.	He has finished his homework.

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Evaluation (Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Present Perfect Form)

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. She _____ (write) a letter to her friend.
   a) writes
   b) has written
   c) writing
   d) wrote
2. They _____ (finish) their work already.
   a) finishes
   b) has finished
   c) have finished
   d) finished
3. Complete the sentence: “He ____ (go) to school today.”

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4. Identify the present perfect sentence:
   a) I play football every day.
   b) She has played football today.
   c) We were playing football yesterday.
   d) They play football now.
5. What is missing in this sentence: “She have eaten her lunch.”?
   a) Change “have” to “has”
   b) Change “eaten” to “eats”
   c) Add “not” to the sentence
   d) Change “her” to “his”

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Class Activity (Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs)

1. What is the present perfect tense?
   • It is a tense that shows an action that happened in the past but has a connection to the present.
2. What are the two helping verbs used in the present perfect tense?
   • “Has” and “Have”
3. Give an example of a present perfect sentence.
   • I have finished my homework.
4. What is the past participle of “go”?
   • Gone
5. Why do we use the present perfect tense?
   • To talk about actions completed at an unknown time or still happening.
6. Change this sentence to present perfect: “She eats lunch.”
   • She has eaten lunch.
7. What is the difference between “She has written a letter” and “She wrote a letter”?
   • “She has written a letter” does not specify when, but “She wrote a letter” happened at a specific time.

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Presentation Steps

Teacher’s Activities:

1. Explains the meaning and structure of the present perfect tense.
2. Demonstrates sentence conversion from present to present perfect tense.
3. Guides students in writing their own present perfect sentences.

Learners’ Activities:

1. Identify present perfect sentences from a given list.
2. Convert present tense sentences to present perfect tense.
3. Use the present perfect tense in their own sentences.

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Assessment

1. Define the present perfect tense.
2. Identify the auxiliary verbs used in the present perfect tense.
3. Change this sentence to present perfect: “She reads a book.”
4. Write two sentences using the present perfect tense.
5. Explain the difference between past simple and present perfect tense.

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Conclusion

The teacher summarizes the lesson and corrects any mistakes in students’ exercises.

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