Sources of Water Supply Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10
Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10
Subject: Physical and Health Education
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 10
Age: 11 years
Topic: Sources of Water Supply
Sub-topic: Different Sources and Their Uses
Duration: 60 minutes
Behavioural Objectives:
- Identify various sources of water supply.
- Explain the importance of each source.
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different water sources.
Keywords: Water Supply, Sources, Freshwater, Groundwater, Surface Water
Set Induction:
- Start with a discussion on the importance of water in daily life and ask students where they think water comes from.
Entry Behaviour:
- Students should have basic knowledge of the importance of water and its uses.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Diagrams and images of water sources
- Videos or slides showing different sources of water
- Handouts summarizing the sources of water
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
- Link to previous lessons on personal, school, and community health, focusing on how water plays a role in maintaining health.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Environmental awareness
- Critical thinking
- Problem-solving
Learning Materials:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Educational materials on water sources
Reference Books:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Textbooks on environmental science and health education
Instructional Materials:
- Charts and diagrams of water sources
- Videos or animations showing water sources
Content:
- Sources of Water Supply:
- 1.1. Surface Water:
- Description: Water found in lakes, rivers, and streams.
- Advantages: Easily accessible, provides water for many uses.
- Disadvantages: Can be polluted, availability varies by region.
- 1.2. Groundwater:
- Description: Water found beneath the earth’s surface in aquifers.
- Advantages: Reliable source, less affected by surface pollution.
- Disadvantages: Expensive to access, depletion can occur.
- 1.3. Rainwater:
- Description: Water collected from precipitation.
- Advantages: Free and renewable source, good for irrigation.
- Disadvantages: Variable availability, requires proper collection systems.
- 1.4. Desalinated Water:
- Description: Water obtained by removing salt from seawater.
- Advantages: Useful in arid regions, increases water supply.
- Disadvantages: High cost of production, environmental impact.
- 1.5. Stored Water:
- Description: Water stored in reservoirs or tanks.
- Advantages: Provides a steady supply, can be managed.
- Disadvantages: Requires infrastructure, can be affected by contamination.
- 1.1. Surface Water:
Evaluation:
- Which source of water is found in lakes and rivers?
a) Groundwater
b) Surface water
c) Rainwater
d) Desalinated water - What is an advantage of groundwater?
a) Easily accessible
b) Less affected by surface pollution
c) Variable availability
d) High cost of production - What is the main disadvantage of using rainwater?
a) Expensive to access
b) Requires proper collection systems
c) Variable availability
d) Can be polluted - Which water source is used in arid regions to increase water supply?
a) Stored water
b) Rainwater
c) Desalinated water
d) Surface water - What is a key advantage of surface water?
a) Reliable source
b) Less affected by pollution
c) Easily accessible
d) Expensive to access - What is the main disadvantage of stored water?
a) Requires infrastructure
b) Variable availability
c) High cost of production
d) Can be polluted - What does desalinated water come from?
a) Rainwater
b) Surface water
c) Groundwater
d) Seawater - Which source of water requires proper collection systems?
a) Stored water
b) Groundwater
c) Rainwater
d) Desalinated water - Which water source can be affected by contamination and requires infrastructure?
a) Surface water
b) Groundwater
c) Desalinated water
d) Rainwater - What is a common use of rainwater?
a) Irrigation
b) Desalination
c) Groundwater recharge
d) Reservoir storage - Which method of water supply is less affected by surface pollution?
a) Surface water
b) Rainwater
c) Groundwater
d) Stored water - What is a disadvantage of desalinated water?
a) Low cost
b) Environmental impact
c) Variable availability
d) Easily accessible - Which source of water is typically managed in reservoirs?
a) Groundwater
b) Surface water
c) Rainwater
d) Desalinated water - Which water source can be expensive to access?
a) Surface water
b) Rainwater
c) Groundwater
d) Stored water - What is a benefit of using surface water?
a) Can be polluted
b) Requires proper collection
c) Easily accessible
d) Expensive to access
Class Activity Discussion:
- What are the key differences between surface water and groundwater?
- Surface water is found in lakes and rivers, while groundwater is found beneath the earth’s surface.
- How does rainwater collection benefit agriculture?
- It provides a free and renewable source of water for irrigation.
- What are the main challenges associated with desalinated water?
- High production costs and environmental impact.
- How does stored water help in managing water supply?
- It provides a steady supply and can be managed through infrastructure.
- What factors affect the availability of surface water?
- Pollution and regional climate conditions.
- Why is groundwater considered a reliable source of water?
- It is less affected by surface pollution and can be accessed year-round.
- How can communities improve rainwater collection systems?
- By investing in proper collection and storage infrastructure.
- What are some environmental concerns with using desalinated water?
- The energy required for desalination and the impact on marine ecosystems.
- How does the cost of desalinated water compare to other sources?
- It is typically higher due to the cost of technology and energy.
- How can surface water contamination be prevented?
- By reducing pollution and protecting water sources.
Presentation:
- Step 1: Review previous lessons on the importance of water and its uses.
- Step 2: Introduce the different sources of water supply, using diagrams and videos for illustration.
- Step 3: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each water source, encouraging students to ask questions and share their thoughts.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Present and explain the different sources of water supply with visual aids.
- Facilitate a discussion on the benefits and challenges of each water source.
- Engage students with questions to assess their understanding.
- Water supply-: water supply is the process by which water is provided for some use, e.g. to a home, commercial organization, community endeavors or individuals usually through a system of pumps and pipes
Meaning of water
Water is a universal solvent.
It is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atoms held together by covalent bonds. Water is precious to man’s existence as it is needed in every aspects of life. The chemical formula of water is H20. Water is needed by every creature such as human beings, animals and plants. In Nigeria, the ministry of water resources is in-charge of water supply through-out country. The state supply water through water boards or states water corporations
Sources of water
The two major sources of water are:
- Natural source of water
- Artificial source of water example of these include:
Natural source of water Artificial sources of water Rain water Pipe-borne water River water Dams Stream water Wells Pond Bore-hole Spring water Ocean - Rain water: Rain water comes from rainfall which is usually collected from the roof of houses to collection point the collection points could be tanks, pots and pail or buckets
- River water: Water that flows across the ground is called runoff. The run-off water flows into small streams or ponds. The stream flows into rivers. The rivers flow into oceans and seas.
- Lake, pond and stream: The qualities of these sources of water are very low and their consumption can cause water borne-diseases like cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever as hell as guinea worms
Qualities of good water supply
Water that is safe for drinking or health purposes is called potable or pure water.
The basic qualities of water are:
- It is odour less and transparent
- It is taste less
- It must be colorless
Learners’ Activities:
- Participate in discussions and answer evaluation questions.
- Discuss real-life examples of water sources in their community.
- Share their thoughts on the importance and management of different water sources.
Assessment:
- Evaluate understanding through responses to evaluation questions.
- Observe participation and comprehension during class activities.
Evaluation Questions:
- What are the main sources of water supply?
- Explain the advantages of using groundwater.
- What challenges are associated with collecting rainwater?
- How does desalinated water increase water supply?
- What are the benefits of storing water in reservoirs?
- Describe the process of desalinating seawater.
- What is a common use for rainwater?
- How can surface water be affected by pollution?
- What factors impact the availability of groundwater?
- Why is surface water considered easily accessible?
Conclusion:
- Summarize the key points about the sources of water supply.
- Highlight the importance of managing water sources effectively to ensure a reliable and clean supply.
- Provide feedback and encourage students to apply their knowledge in their communities.
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