Methods of Sewage and Refuse Disposal Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Subject: Physical and Health Education
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 9
Age: 11 years
Topic: Methods of Sewage Disposal and Refuse Disposal
Sub-topic: Different Methods and Their Importance
Duration: 60 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

• Identify various methods of sewage and refuse disposal.
• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
• Understand the importance of proper disposal methods for health and the environment.

Keywords: Sewage Disposal, Refuse Disposal, Waste Management, Treatment Methods

Set Induction:

• Discuss common problems related to waste disposal in the community and ask students if they know how these problems are managed.

Entry Behaviour:

• Students should have basic knowledge of what sewage and refuse are and why proper disposal is important.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Diagrams and images of different disposal methods
• Videos or slides showing waste treatment processes
• Handouts with summaries of each method

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Link to previous lessons on sewage and refuse, discussing why effective disposal methods are necessary.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Problem-solving
• Environmental awareness
• Critical thinking

Learning Materials:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Educational materials on waste and sewage disposal

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Health and environmental education textbooks

Instructional Materials:

• Charts and diagrams of disposal methods
• Videos or animations of treatment processes

Content:

1. Methods of Sewage Disposal:
   • 1.1. Sewage Treatment Plants:
     • Description: Facilities that process and clean sewage water before releasing it into the environment.
     • Advantages: Removes harmful substances, protects water sources.
     • Disadvantages: Expensive to build and maintain.
   • 1.2. Septic Tanks:
     • Description: Underground tanks where sewage is stored and partially treated before being absorbed into the soil.
     • Advantages: Suitable for rural areas, low cost.
     • Disadvantages: Requires regular maintenance, potential for soil contamination.
   • 1.3. Composting Toilets:
     • Description: Toilets that treat human waste by composting it into nutrient-rich material.
     • Advantages: Reduces waste, can be used in remote areas.
     • Disadvantages: Requires proper management, can be unsanitary if not maintained.
2. Methods of Refuse Disposal:
   • 2.1. Landfills:
     • Description: Designated areas where refuse is buried and decomposed.
     • Advantages: Easy to manage, reduces visible waste.
     • Disadvantages: Can cause land pollution, greenhouse gas emissions.
   • 2.2. Recycling:
     • Description: The process of converting waste materials into reusable materials.
     • Advantages: Reduces waste, conserves resources.
     • Disadvantages: Requires sorting and processing, not all materials are recyclable.
   • 2.3. Incineration:
     • Description: Burning of refuse at high temperatures to reduce its volume.
     • Advantages: Reduces waste volume, generates energy.
     • Disadvantages: Can release harmful emissions, expensive.
   • 2.4. Composting:
     • Description: Decomposing organic waste into compost that can be used as fertilizer.
     • Advantages: Reduces waste, enriches soil.
     • Disadvantages: Not suitable for non-organic waste, requires space.

Evaluation:

1. Which method involves treating sewage in a facility?
   a) Septic tanks
   b) Sewage treatment plants
   c) Composting toilets
   d) Landfills
2. What is a disadvantage of septic tanks?
   a) Low cost
   b) Requires regular maintenance
   c) Suitable for rural areas
   d) Reduces visible waste
3. Which method converts waste into reusable materials?
   a) Incineration
   b) Recycling
   c) Composting
   d) Landfills
4. What is the main advantage of composting toilets?
   a) High maintenance cost
   b) Suitable for remote areas
   c) Releases harmful emissions
   d) Requires regular management
5. What is a common disadvantage of landfills?
   a) Reduces visible waste
   b) Can cause land pollution
   c) Generates energy
   d) Enriches soil
6. Which method burns refuse to reduce its volume?
   a) Recycling
   b) Composting
   c) Incineration
   d) Septic tanks
7. What does composting do to organic waste?
   a) Buries it
   b) Converts it into compost
   c) Burns it
   d) Recycles it
8. Which method is best for converting refuse into energy?
   a) Composting
   b) Landfills
   c) Incineration
   d) Recycling
9. What is a disadvantage of recycling?
   a) Reduces waste
   b) Conserves resources
   c) Requires sorting and processing
   d) Can be used in remote areas
10. Which method of refuse disposal helps enrich soil?
    a) Incineration
    b) Landfills
    c) Composting
    d) Recycling
11. Which of these methods of sewage disposal is most suitable for rural areas?
    a) Sewage treatment plants
    b) Composting toilets
    c) Septic tanks
    d) Landfills
12. What is a common feature of incineration?
    a) Generates energy
    b) Reduces waste volume
    c) Requires sorting
    d) Converts waste into compost
13. Which disposal method involves creating a pit for waste?
    a) Composting
    b) Landfills
    c) Recycling
    d) Incineration
14. Which method of refuse disposal is known for its environmental impact due to emissions?
    a) Recycling
    b) Composting
    c) Incineration
    d) Landfills
15. What is a key advantage of recycling?
    a) Requires high maintenance
    b) Reduces visible waste
    c) Converts waste into reusable materials
    d) Causes land pollution

Class Activity Discussion:

1. What are the key differences between sewage treatment plants and septic tanks?
   • Sewage treatment plants process large volumes of sewage, while septic tanks are used for smaller, localized treatment.
2. How does composting compare to incineration in terms of environmental impact?
   • Composting enriches soil and reduces waste, while incineration can release harmful emissions.
3. What are the benefits of recycling over landfills?
   • Recycling conserves resources and reduces waste, while landfills can lead to pollution.
4. Why is it important to choose the right method for refuse disposal?
   • To minimize environmental impact and ensure effective waste management.
5. What factors should be considered when selecting a method for sewage disposal?
   • Cost, location, maintenance needs, and environmental impact.
6. How does incineration help manage refuse?
   • By reducing the volume of waste and generating energy.
7. What are the limitations of using composting for waste disposal?
   • It is only suitable for organic waste and requires space.
8. How can schools promote effective waste disposal methods?
   • By educating students and implementing recycling and composting programs.
9. What role does proper sewage disposal play in community health?
   • It prevents contamination and protects water sources.
10. How can individuals contribute to better refuse management at home?
    • By sorting waste, recycling, and using composting methods.

Presentation:

• Step 1: Review previous lessons on sewage and refuse, focusing on the need for proper disposal methods.
• Step 2: Introduce various methods of sewage and refuse disposal with visual aids and real-life examples.
• Step 3: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method, encouraging students to ask questions and provide input.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Present the methods of disposal with diagrams and examples.
• Facilitate a discussion on the pros and cons of each method.
• Use Q&A sessions to assess understanding and clarify concepts.
• METHOD OF REFUSE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL

  Sewage

  Sewage is the liquid wastes from domestic, industrials and commercial effluents . It is the mixture of waste from human body and used water that is carried out of houses by sewers.

  It carries bacteria which can cause diseases such as cholera typhoid, dysentery.

  Sewage disposal- is the way and manner of getting rid of liquid wastes

   

  Refuse 

  Refuse can be defined as all solid wastes in the house such as pieces of paper, leaves, garbage, ashes, rubbish and dead animals.

  It can also be defined as unwanted, discarded, non-liquid materials emanating from various activities of human.

  Refuse disposal- is the way and manner of getting rid of solid wastes. Refuse should be properly disposed of to prevent the spread of infections and health hazards in the society.

                METHOD OF REFUSE DISPOSAL

  There are many methods of refuse disposal. These are the followings

  1. Open dumps: This is the case in which refuse and garbages are deposited on the land. The dumps served as breeding places for flies, cockroaches, rodents and mosquitoes

   

  •  Incineration

  This is burning of refuse in a controlled cabin. In this case refuse are deposited inside a house like facility and the materials are burnt with oil coal, or gas serving as fuel.

   

  •  Compositing or decomposition 

  This method consists of disposing refuse into shallow pit which is covered with soil. It is allowed to decay and later mix with the soil. The product is called  HUMUS SOIL and is used as  manure / fertilizer.

  • Sanitary landfill-This is known as controlled tipping. It is a big hole dug in the ground where refuse from community are emptied. The refuse is then covered with soil or ashes to prevent flies and rodents from getting access to the refuse inside.
  • Open burning

   

  Methods of sewage disposal

  1. Waster system: This is a modern system where pipe-borne water is available with a septic-tank. It is common in many modern homes
  2. Bucket latrines: Faeces and urine are collected inside the bucket. This method is unhygienic and should be discouraged. Burying faeces is also common with this method
  3. Septic tank latrines: It is a construction of an underground away from the building into which sewage flow through a pipe aided by water
  4. Pit latrines: the sewage falls into a pit or hide on the ground and its usually with a lid. This keeps away flies and cut down odour. They should be built or located away from well and houses.

Learners’ Activities:

• Engage in discussions and answer evaluation questions.
• Participate in activities related to the advantages and disadvantages of disposal methods.
• Share personal experiences related to waste and sewage management.

Assessment:

• Evaluate understanding through responses to evaluation questions.
• Observe participation and comprehension during class activities.

Evaluation Questions:

1. Describe the method used for large-scale sewage treatment.
2. What is a disadvantage of septic tanks?
3. Explain the process of recycling.
4. What is a key advantage of composting toilets?
5. How does incineration affect refuse?
6. Explain the meaning of sewage and refuse
7. Differentiate between sewage disposal and refuse disposal
8. List  two methods of sewage disposal
9. Itemize two methods of refuse disposal
10. Which method helps enrich soil?
11. What are the environmental concerns with landfills?
12. Why is recycling important?
13. What is the primary function of sewage treatment plants?
14. How does composting benefit the environment?

Conclusion:

• Summarize the different methods of sewage and refuse disposal.
• Highlight the importance of choosing appropriate disposal methods to protect health and the environment.
• Provide feedback and encourage students to apply their knowledge in their communities.

More Useful Links:

• Sources of Water Supply Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 10
• Revision and Review Test Questions Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 11
• Physical and Health Education JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 12