Jss 1 Basic Technology Third Term

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 1 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 1

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Revision of Last Term’s Work

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: Technology, tools, materials, safety, energy

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Recall major topics covered in the previous term.

2. Answer review questions based on past lessons.

3. Demonstrate improved understanding of key terms and concepts.

SET INDUCTION

The teacher shows a flashcard with images of common tools (e.g., hammer, ruler, saw) and asks:
“Who can name this tool and tell us what it is used for?”

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students have been introduced to basic concepts of technology, materials, and safety rules in the last term.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN: LAST TERM TOPICS TO REVIEW

1. Meaning and Scope of Basic Technology

   • Technology: Solving problems using science and tools.

   • Examples: Mobile phones, computers, etc.

2. Workshop Safety Rules

   • Wear safety boots and goggles

   • No running or joking in the workshop

   • Handle tools with care

3. Materials Used in Technology

   • Wood, metal, plastic, ceramics

   • Properties and uses

4. Energy

   • Definition of energy

   • Types: Solar, chemical, electrical

   • Sources of energy

5. Drawing Instruments

   • Ruler, compass, set square, pencil

   • Care of drawing instruments

6. Simple Machines

   • Lever, pulley, wheel and axle

   • Real-life uses (e.g., scissors as a lever)

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Organize a quick quiz game using past topics

• Guide students through correcting misconceptions

• Facilitate group discussions to recall key concepts

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Participate in quiz and group revision

• Share what they remember from each topic

• Ask questions for clarification

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is technology?

2. Mention two safety rules in the workshop.

3. Give two examples of materials used in technology.

4. What are the sources of energy you know?

5. Name two simple machines and what they are used for.

CONCLUSION

The teacher summarises the revision and praises students for remembering key ideas. Emphasis is placed on how these concepts prepare them for more advanced topics this term.

ASSIGNMENT

Revise your notes from last term and list five drawing instruments and their uses.

FAQs FOR SEO & LEARNER SUPPORT

Q: Why do we revise old topics in school?
A: To refresh our memory and strengthen our understanding before learning new things.

Q: What are examples of technology we use every day?
A: Phones, fans, electric bulbs, TV, and cooking gas.

Q: Is safety really important in Basic Technology?
A: Yes, because we use tools that can cause injury if not handled properly.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 1 Lesson Note – Revision of Last Term’s Work

• Meta Description: Fully detailed lesson note for JSS1 Basic Technology, Week 1. Includes revision topics, objectives, and student activities based on Lagos State Curriculum.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-1-revision

• Keywords: JSS1 Basic Tech, Revision, Workshop safety, Technology terms, Lagos State curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 2 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 2

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Woodwork Hand Tools – Boring and Cutting Tools; Care and Maintenance

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: Boring tools, cutting tools, woodwork, hand tools, maintenance

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify common boring and cutting tools used in woodwork.

2. State the uses of each tool.

3. Demonstrate proper care and maintenance of these tools.

4. Describe safety rules when using woodwork tools.

SET INDUCTION

The teacher holds a hand drill and saw, then asks:
“Have you ever seen a carpenter work? What tools did they use to make holes or cut wood?”

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils have prior knowledge of different materials used in technology and safety precautions in the workshop.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. BORING TOOLS (Tools used to make holes in wood)

• Examples:

  • Hand drill

  • Bradawl

  • Gimlet

  • Auger bit

• Uses:

  • The hand drill makes smooth holes in wood.

  • The bradawl starts a hole before using a screw.

2. CUTTING TOOLS (Used to cut wood into desired sizes and shapes)

• Examples:

  • Crosscut saw

  • Rip saw

  • Tenon saw

  • Coping saw

• Uses:

  • Rip saw: cuts wood along the grain.

  • Crosscut saw: cuts wood across the grain.

3. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF WOODWORK TOOLS

• Clean after use.

• Store in dry places to avoid rust.

• Sharpen cutting edges when blunt.

• Oil metal parts to prevent corrosion.

• Always handle with care to avoid damage.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Display real or chart images of woodwork tools.

• Demonstrate how boring and cutting tools are used.

• Ask students to classify tools shown into boring or cutting.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Observe and handle displayed tools.

• Match tool names to their functions.

• Participate in group discussions about care procedures.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. Give two examples of boring tools.

2. Mention three tools used for cutting wood.

3. State two ways to care for a hand saw.

4. What is the difference between a rip saw and a crosscut saw?

5. Why should we maintain woodwork tools?

CONCLUSION

The teacher summarizes the functions of boring and cutting tools and reinforces proper care to ensure tool longevity and safety.

ASSIGNMENT

Draw any two boring tools and label their parts.
List three reasons why we maintain woodwork tools.

FAQs FOR SEO & LEARNER SUPPORT

Q: What is a boring tool in woodwork?
A: It is a tool used to make holes in wood, like the hand drill or gimlet.

Q: How do we maintain cutting tools in woodwork?
A: By sharpening, cleaning, oiling, and storing them properly.

Q: Is it safe for students to use these tools?
A: Yes, with supervision and proper safety rules followed.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 2 – Woodwork Hand Tools: Boring and Cutting

• Meta Description: Week 2 lesson note for JSS1 Basic Technology on boring and cutting tools, including definitions, examples, maintenance, and safety tips.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-2-woodwork-hand-tools

• Keywords: woodwork hand tools, boring tools, cutting tools, JSS1 Basic Tech, Lagos State curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 3 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 3

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Woodwork Hand Tools – Driving & Impelling Tools, Holding Devices, Care and Maintenance

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: Driving tools, impelling tools, holding devices, maintenance, woodwork

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify various driving and impelling tools used in woodwork.

2. Mention common holding devices and their uses.

3. Explain how to care for woodwork tools and holding devices.

4. Observe safety measures in handling tools.

SET INDUCTION

The teacher asks:
“Have you ever seen a carpenter using a hammer or holding wood with a clamp? What do you think these tools do?”

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students already know basic boring and cutting tools from the previous lesson.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. DRIVING AND IMPELLING TOOLS

Used to drive nails, screws, or other fasteners into wood.

• Examples:

  • Hammer (Claw hammer, Ball-peen hammer)

  • Mallet

  • Screwdriver (Flat head, Cross head)

• Uses:

  • Claw hammer: drives nails and removes them.

  • Mallet: used to hit wood without damaging it.

  • Screwdriver: drives screws into wood.

2. HOLDING DEVICES

Used to hold wood firmly in place while working.

• Examples:

  • Bench vice

  • G-clamp

  • Handscrew

  • Mitre clamp

• Uses:

  • Bench vice: holds wood for cutting or drilling.

  • G-clamp: grips pieces together for gluing.

3. CARE AND MAINTENANCE

• Clean tools after use.

• Oil metal parts to prevent rust.

• Keep wooden handles dry and smooth.

• Store in toolboxes or hang safely.

• Check clamps and vices for tightness regularly.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Show real or chart images of each tool and device.

• Demonstrate how to use a mallet and clamp.

• Ask students to group tools based on their function.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Classify tools as driving or holding tools.

• Handle and describe tools brought to class.

• Role-play safety measures in small groups.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. Name two driving tools used in woodwork.

2. What is the use of a bench vice?

3. How is a mallet different from a hammer?

4. Mention two holding devices.

5. List two maintenance tips for woodwork tools.

CONCLUSION

The teacher reviews the purpose and examples of driving, impelling, and holding tools. Emphasis is placed on safety and proper tool maintenance.

ASSIGNMENT

Draw one driving tool and one holding device.
State one use and one maintenance tip for each.

FAQs FOR SEO & LEARNER SUPPORT

Q: What is a driving tool in woodwork?
A: A tool used to insert nails or screws into wood, like a hammer or screwdriver.

Q: What is a holding device?
A: A tool that grips wood while you work, such as a vice or clamp.

Q: Why is maintenance important?
A: It makes tools last longer and prevents accidents in the workshop.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 3 – Driving Tools, Holding Devices & Maintenance

• Meta Description: Complete lesson note for Week 3 JSS1 Basic Tech on driving tools, impelling tools, and holding devices. Includes care tips and safety rules.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-3-driving-tools-holding-devices

• Keywords: woodwork tools, driving tools, holding devices, JSS1 Basic Technology, tool care, Lagos curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 4 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 4

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Metalwork Hand Tools – Measuring, Holding, and Marking-Out Tools; Care and Maintenance

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: Metalwork tools, measuring, marking out, holding tools, maintenance

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify common metalwork measuring, holding, and marking-out tools.

2. State the uses of each tool.

3. Explain proper maintenance of these tools.

4. Describe workshop safety tips related to these tools.

SET INDUCTION

The teacher asks:
“Have you seen a mechanic or metal worker measuring or marking metal before cutting it? Why do you think measuring is important?”

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Pupils already know how to identify and care for woodwork tools and are familiar with workshop safety practices.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. MEASURING TOOLS (Used to take accurate dimensions of metal)

• Examples:

  • Steel rule

  • Caliper (inside, outside)

  • Micrometer screw gauge

  • Tape rule

• Uses:

  • Steel rule: measures small straight lengths.

  • Calipers: measure the inside or outside diameter of objects.

  • Micrometer: measures very small thicknesses accurately.

2. MARKING-OUT TOOLS (Used to mark lines or shapes before cutting metal)

• Examples:

  • Scriber

  • Surface gauge

  • Punch (dot and centre punch)

  • Try square

• Uses:

  • Scriber: scratches lines on metal surfaces.

  • Punch: makes small dents to guide drilling.

  • Try square: checks and marks right angles.

3. HOLDING DEVICES (Used to grip metal pieces during work)

• Examples:

  • Bench vice

  • Hand vice

  • C-clamp

  • Toolmaker’s clamp

• Uses:

  • Bench vice: holds metal firmly for cutting or drilling.

  • Hand vice: grips small workpieces.

4. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF METALWORK TOOLS

• Clean all tools after use.

• Keep dry to prevent rusting.

• Oil moving parts (like vices).

• Store measuring tools in dry, padded boxes.

• Avoid dropping precision tools.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Show samples or images of tools.

• Demonstrate how to mark and measure using a steel rule and scriber.

• Organize a practical demonstration session.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Identify tools by name and function.

• Practice safe tool handling.

• Measure and mark out simple lines on cardboard or wood.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. Give two examples of metalwork measuring tools.

2. What is a scriber used for?

3. Name two holding devices used in metalwork.

4. How do you care for a micrometer screw gauge?

5. Why is it important to mark metal before cutting?

CONCLUSION

The teacher reviews all tools discussed, their categories, and the importance of proper maintenance and safety in metalwork activities.

ASSIGNMENT

Draw any two metalwork measuring tools and label them.
List three safety tips when using marking-out tools.

FAQs FOR SEO & LEARNER SUPPORT

Q: What is the difference between a steel rule and a tape rule?
A: A steel rule is rigid and short, while a tape rule is flexible and longer for measuring greater distances.

Q: Why do we need to mark metal before working on it?
A: To avoid mistakes, ensure accuracy, and follow correct shapes or dimensions.

Q: How do you care for metal tools to prevent rust?
A: Clean, dry, and oil them regularly before storage.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 4 – Metalwork Tools: Measuring, Holding & Marking

• Meta Description: Full lesson note on metalwork hand tools for JSS1 Week 4. Includes measuring, holding, marking tools and their maintenance with examples and diagrams.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-4-metalwork-tools

• Keywords: metalwork tools, measuring tools, marking out tools, holding devices, JSS1 Basic Technology, Lagos State curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 5 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 5

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Metalwork Hand Tools – Driving Tools, Cutting/Burning Tools, Care and Maintenance

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: Metalwork tools, driving tools, cutting tools, burning tools, maintenance

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify various metalwork driving and cutting/burning tools.

2. Describe their uses in the workshop.

3. Demonstrate knowledge of tool care and safety.

4. Apply maintenance practices for tool longevity.

SET INDUCTION

The teacher holds up a chisel and asks:
“If you needed to cut a piece of metal or drive a nail into a metal frame, which tool would you choose—and why?”

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students are familiar with basic metalwork tools like measuring and holding devices from the previous lesson.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. DRIVING TOOLS IN METALWORK

Used to apply force in driving or striking tasks.

• Examples:

  • Ball-peen hammer

  • Cross-peen hammer

  • Sledgehammer

  • Punch (Centre punch, Dot punch)

• Uses:

  • Ball-peen hammer: shaping metal and driving punches.

  • Sledgehammer: heavy-duty striking.

  • Punch: for marking positions on metal.

2. CUTTING/ BURNING TOOLS IN METALWORK

Used to cut, split, or remove parts of metal using force or heat.

• Examples:

  • Hacksaw

  • Cold chisel

  • File

  • Snips

  • Oxy-acetylene torch (burning tool)

  • Plasma cutter

• Uses:

  • Hacksaw: cuts through metal bars and rods.

  • Cold chisel: cuts sheets and thin metal.

  • File: smooths metal edges.

  • Snips: used for cutting thin metal sheets.

  • Oxy-acetylene torch: burns through thick metal.

  • Plasma cutter: cuts metal with intense heat and precision.

3. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF METALWORK TOOLS

• Clean tools after every use.

• Keep tools dry and apply anti-rust oil.

• Sharpen cutting edges regularly.

• Do not use damaged tools—repair or replace them.

• Store tools in dry, organized toolboxes or racks.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Display real tools or images.

• Demonstrate the proper handling of a file and hacksaw.

• Guide students in identifying sharp vs. blunt cutting edges.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Classify tools into driving and cutting/burning groups.

• Role-play safety tips when using cutting tools.

• Observe and explain the care steps for a hammer or hacksaw.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. Name two driving tools used in metalwork.

2. What is the function of a cold chisel?

3. Mention two cutting tools and their uses.

4. List three ways to maintain cutting tools.

5. Why is it important to keep cutting tools sharp?

CONCLUSION

The teacher summarizes the uses and importance of driving and cutting/burning tools in metalwork. Emphasis is placed on safety, correct usage, and proper care.

ASSIGNMENT

Draw and label:

1. A hacksaw

2. A ball-peen hammer
   Write one use and one maintenance tip for each.

FAQs FOR SEO & LEARNER SUPPORT

Q: What is a ball-peen hammer used for?
A: It is used to strike punches and shape metal.

Q: What is the difference between a cold chisel and a file?
A: A cold chisel is used to cut metal, while a file smooths rough edges.

Q: How can I prevent rust on my metal tools?
A: Clean, dry, and apply light oil regularly.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 5 – Metalwork Driving and Cutting Tools

• Meta Description: Complete Week 5 lesson note on JSS1 Basic Tech covering driving tools, cutting/burning tools, and care tips. Includes examples and uses.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-5-driving-cutting-tools

• Keywords: metalwork tools, driving tools, cutting tools, burning tools, JSS1 Basic Technology, maintenance, Lagos curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 6 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 6

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Care and Maintenance of Machines and Tools

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: Maintenance, tools, machines, preventive care, workshop

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define maintenance.

2. Identify types of maintenance.

3. Explain how maintenance is applied in workshops.

4. State the importance of maintaining tools and machines.

SET INDUCTION

Teacher holds up a rusty tool and asks:
“Would you like to use this tool? Why is it important to care for tools and machines?”

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students already know how to care for basic metalwork and woodwork tools from previous lessons.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. DEFINITION OF MAINTENANCE

Maintenance is the act of keeping tools, equipment, and machines in good working condition by checking, cleaning, repairing, and storing them properly.

2. TYPES OF MAINTENANCE

• Preventive Maintenance

  • Regular cleaning, oiling, and checking of machines/tools before problems arise.

  • Example: Oiling a sewing machine weekly.

• Corrective Maintenance

  • Fixing a fault or breakdown after it occurs.

  • Example: Replacing a worn-out hacksaw blade.

• Predictive Maintenance

  • Using data to forecast when a machine may need servicing. (Introduced lightly for awareness.)

3. APPLICATION OF MAINTENANCE IN THE WORKSHOP

• Clean tools daily after use.

• Store tools in a dry, arranged space.

• Sharpen tools regularly.

• Oil moving parts.

• Replace broken parts immediately.

• Keep machines covered when not in use.

4. IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE

• Extends the life of tools and machines.

• Ensures safety during use.

• Prevents unexpected breakdowns.

• Saves cost on repairs and replacement.

• Improves efficiency and accuracy.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Show examples of well-maintained and poorly maintained tools.

• Demonstrate oiling and storage of simple tools.

• Explain with charts or slides the types of maintenance.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Discuss reasons for maintaining tools.

• Role-play maintenance steps in small groups.

• Identify tools that need maintenance in their environment.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is maintenance?

2. List and explain two types of maintenance.

3. Give three examples of maintenance practices.

4. State three reasons why maintenance is important.

5. What happens if tools are not properly maintained?

CONCLUSION

Teacher summarizes the meaning, types, and importance of maintenance and encourages students to apply the principles both at school and at home.

ASSIGNMENT

• Write five safety and maintenance rules to follow in a school workshop.

• Draw a toolbox and label four tools inside.

FAQs FOR SEO & STUDENT SUPPORT

Q: What is preventive maintenance?
A: It is the regular servicing of tools and machines to stop problems before they happen.

Q: Why is tool maintenance important in Basic Technology?
A: It keeps tools safe, functional, and long-lasting.

Q: What should I do after using my tools?
A: Clean them, oil if needed, and store properly.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Tech Week 6 – Care and Maintenance of Machines and Tools

• Meta Description: Learn the types, importance, and applications of maintenance for tools and machines in this JSS1 Basic Technology Week 6 lesson note.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-6-maintenance

• Keywords: tool maintenance, machine care, preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, Basic Tech JSS1, Lagos State curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 7 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 7

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Basic Electricity – Introduction to Electricity, Types of Current, and Electric Components & Symbols

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: electricity, types of current, electric symbols, components, circuit

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define electricity and its uses.

2. Explain the difference between the two types of electric current.

3. Identify and describe common components used in electrical circuits.

4. Understand and use electrical symbols correctly.

SET INDUCTION

The teacher asks:
“Can you think of ways electricity makes our daily lives easier? How does it help us in our homes or schools?”
The teacher should then show images of household items like fans, bulbs, and refrigerators powered by electricity.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students are already familiar with basic tools and machines from earlier lessons, giving them foundational knowledge to understand the role of electricity in powering devices.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. DEFINITION OF ELECTRICITY

Electricity is the flow of electrical charge through conductors, usually in the form of electrons. It is a vital source of power for many appliances and machines.

• Uses of electricity:

  • Powering lights, fans, and appliances.

  • Running computers, televisions, and other electronic devices.

  • Charging batteries for mobile phones and electric cars.

2. TYPES OF CURRENT

• Direct Current (DC)

  • Current that flows in one direction only.

  • Example: Battery-powered devices like flashlights and mobile phones.

• Alternating Current (AC)

  • Current that changes direction periodically.

  • Example: Power supplied to homes and schools from electrical grids.

3. ELECTRIC COMPONENTS AND SYMBOLS

Electrical circuits are made of various components, each represented by specific symbols.

• Common Components:

  • Power source (battery): Provides energy to the circuit.

  • Lamp: Converts electrical energy into light.

  • Wire: Conducts electrical current through the circuit.

  • Switch: Controls the flow of electricity, turning the circuit on or off.

  • Resistor: Limits the amount of current flowing through a circuit.

• Common Electrical Symbols:

  • Battery: A set of short and long parallel lines.

  • Lamp: A circle with an “X” inside.

  • Wire: A simple straight line.

  • Switch: A break in the line with a switch symbol (like an open or closed gap).

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Define electricity and demonstrate with examples from the home.

• Draw basic electrical symbols on the board and explain their meanings.

• Show the difference between DC and AC with real-world examples.

• Use diagrams to explain simple electrical circuits.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Identify and name basic electrical components in the classroom or at home.

• Draw simple electrical circuits using the appropriate symbols.

• Discuss the difference between AC and DC with a partner.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is electricity?

2. Describe the difference between DC and AC current.

3. Draw the symbol for a battery and a lamp.

4. List three components used in a basic electrical circuit.

5. Why do we use resistors in circuits?

CONCLUSION

The teacher reviews the definition of electricity, types of current, and electrical components. Emphasize the importance of understanding basic electricity for safe and efficient use of electrical devices.

ASSIGNMENT

• Draw and label a simple circuit containing a battery, switch, and lamp.

• Write two examples of devices that use DC and AC current.

FAQs FOR SEO & STUDENT SUPPORT

Q: What is the difference between AC and DC?
A: AC changes direction periodically, while DC flows in one direction only.

Q: Why do we need electrical symbols?
A: Electrical symbols make it easier to draw and understand circuits, allowing for clearer communication in electrical work.

Q: How is electricity used in everyday life?
A: Electricity powers lights, gadgets, appliances, and is essential for modern living.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 7 – Introduction to Electricity and Types of Current

• Meta Description: Learn the basics of electricity, types of current (AC & DC), and electrical components and symbols in this Week 7 lesson for JSS1 Basic Technology.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-7-introduction-electricity

• Keywords: electricity, DC, AC, electrical components, symbols, JSS1 Basic Technology, Lagos State Curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 8 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 8

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Electrical Instruments, Transformers, Stabilizers, Electrical Appliances, and Accessories

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: electrical instruments, transformers, stabilizers, electrical appliances, accessories, voltage

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify various electrical instruments and their uses.

2. Define and explain the function of transformers and stabilizers.

3. Recognize common electrical appliances and their accessories.

4. Understand how these instruments contribute to electrical systems and safety.

SET INDUCTION

Teacher asks:
“How does the electricity from the power company reach your home? What devices help us use electricity safely and efficiently?”
The teacher shows images of transformers, stabilizers, and electrical appliances in use at home.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students are familiar with the basic concepts of electricity and its components, as covered in Week 7.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS

• Multimeter:
  Used to measure voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit.

  • Uses: Troubleshooting electrical circuits, checking for faults, and measuring voltage.

• Ammeter:
  Measures the amount of current flowing through a circuit.

  • Uses: Helps ensure circuits are not overloaded.

• Voltmeter:
  Measures the voltage across two points in a circuit.

  • Uses: Checking if a device or appliance is receiving the proper voltage.

2. TRANSFORMERS

• Definition:
  A transformer is an electrical device used to increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) voltage levels in an electrical circuit.

• Function:

  • A step-up transformer increases voltage to allow long-distance transmission of electricity (from power plants to homes).

  • A step-down transformer reduces voltage for use in household appliances.

• Example:
  A transformer in the power grid that converts high voltage for transmission to lower voltage for household use.

3. STABILIZERS

• Definition:
  A stabilizer is an electrical device used to protect electrical appliances from voltage fluctuations.

• Function:
  Stabilizers ensure a steady and safe voltage supply to appliances, preventing damage from power surges or dips.

• Example:
  A stabilizer connected to a refrigerator or air conditioner to maintain constant voltage and prevent overheating.

4. ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES AND ACCESSORIES

• Common Appliances:

  • Fan: Uses electrical energy to circulate air.

  • Refrigerator: Keeps food cold by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

  • Television: Uses electricity to operate and display images and sound.

• Common Accessories:

  • Power strips: Provides multiple outlets from a single source.

  • Extension cords: Allows electrical devices to be used further from power outlets.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Introduce electrical instruments and demonstrate their use with simple examples.

• Explain transformers and stabilizers using diagrams.

• Discuss the importance of electrical appliances and accessories in daily life.

• Show students the symbols of transformers and stabilizers and how to represent them in electrical diagrams.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Identify common electrical instruments in the classroom or home.

• Draw and label a simple electrical diagram including a transformer and stabilizer.

• Discuss in pairs the importance of using stabilizers with sensitive appliances.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of a multimeter?

2. Name two types of transformers and their functions.

3. What does a stabilizer do?

4. Why are electrical instruments like ammeters and voltmeters important?

5. List three common electrical appliances and their uses.

CONCLUSION

The teacher summarizes the importance of electrical instruments, transformers, stabilizers, and appliances in making electrical systems safer and more efficient. Encourage students to be mindful of how electrical devices should be used and maintained.

ASSIGNMENT

• Draw a simple electrical diagram showing a transformer, stabilizer, and a fan. Label the components.

• Write a short note on why stabilizers are important in homes and schools.

FAQs FOR SEO & STUDENT SUPPORT

Q: What does a transformer do?
A: A transformer either increases or decreases the voltage in an electrical circuit for safe and efficient use.

Q: Why should we use stabilizers with certain appliances?
A: Stabilizers protect appliances from damage caused by voltage fluctuations by ensuring a stable power supply.

Q: What is the purpose of a multimeter in electrical work?
A: A multimeter is used to measure electrical values such as voltage, current, and resistance.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 8 – Electrical Instruments, Transformers, and Stabilizers

• Meta Description: Learn about electrical instruments, transformers, stabilizers, and common electrical appliances in this Week 8 lesson for JSS1 Basic Technology.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-8-electrical-instruments-transformers

• Keywords: electrical instruments, transformers, stabilizers, electrical appliances, JSS1 Basic Technology, Lagos State curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 9 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 9

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Simple Electrical Calculation

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: electrical calculations, Ohm’s law, voltage, current, resistance, power

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define basic electrical terms such as voltage, current, and resistance.

2. Use Ohm’s Law to calculate current, voltage, and resistance.

3. Apply the formula for calculating electrical power.

4. Solve simple electrical calculation problems involving voltage, current, resistance, and power.

SET INDUCTION

Teacher asks:
“Have you ever wondered how electrical appliances use energy? How do we know how much current flows through a device or how much energy it uses?”
The teacher may then show images of a light bulb or fan and discuss how understanding electrical calculations helps in the proper use and maintenance of these devices.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students are already familiar with the basic components of electrical circuits from previous lessons (Week 7 & 8) and are ready to apply their knowledge in solving practical electrical problems.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. DEFINITIONS AND FORMULAS

• Voltage (V): The potential difference between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V).

  • Formula: V = I × R (Voltage = Current × Resistance)

• Current (I): The flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A).

  • Formula: I = V ÷ R (Current = Voltage ÷ Resistance)

• Resistance (R): The opposition to the flow of current in a circuit, measured in ohms (Ω).

  • Formula: R = V ÷ I (Resistance = Voltage ÷ Current)

2. OHM’S LAW

Ohm’s Law is a fundamental principle in electrical circuits that relates voltage, current, and resistance.

• Ohm’s Law:
  V = I × R
  Where:

  • V = Voltage

  • I = Current

  • R = Resistance

3. ELECTRICAL POWER

Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is used or produced by a device.

• Formula: P = V × I (Power = Voltage × Current)

  • Power is measured in watts (W).

  • Example: A 60W light bulb uses 60 watts of power when it operates.

4. SAMPLE PROBLEMS

• Example 1:
  A lamp operates with a voltage of 120V and a current of 0.5A. What is the resistance of the lamp?

  • Solution:
    Using Ohm’s Law:
    R = V ÷ I = 120V ÷ 0.5A = 240Ω

• Example 2:
  What is the power used by a fan with a voltage of 220V and current of 1.5A?

  • Solution:
    Using the power formula:
    P = V × I = 220V × 1.5A = 330W

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Introduce the basic electrical terms (voltage, current, resistance, and power).

• Demonstrate how to use Ohm’s Law and the power formula to solve simple electrical problems.

• Provide examples and work through problems with the students on the board.

• Guide students in solving similar problems in class.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Solve simple electrical calculation problems provided by the teacher.

• Practice applying Ohm’s Law and the power formula to find current, resistance, and power in electrical circuits.

• Work in pairs to solve a real-world electrical problem, such as calculating the power consumption of a device.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is the formula for calculating current in a circuit?

2. A fan uses 100V and has a current of 2A. What is the resistance of the fan?

3. Calculate the power used by an electric heater with a voltage of 240V and current of 3A.

4. If the current through a device is 4A and the resistance is 10Ω, what is the voltage?

5. Explain Ohm’s Law and give an example of how to use it in calculating current, voltage, or resistance.

CONCLUSION

The teacher reviews the key points of the lesson:

• The formulas for voltage, current, resistance, and power.

• The importance of Ohm’s Law in solving electrical problems.

• The application of simple electrical calculations in everyday devices.

ASSIGNMENT

• Calculate the voltage, current, and resistance for a given electrical circuit with a 12V battery and 3A current.

• Write a short explanation of why understanding electrical calculations is important for safety and efficiency in using electrical devices.

FAQs FOR SEO & STUDENT SUPPORT

Q: What is Ohm’s Law?
A: Ohm’s Law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, with the resistance being the constant of proportionality. The formula is: V = I × R.

Q: How do you calculate power in an electrical circuit?
A: Power is calculated using the formula: P = V × I where P is power, V is voltage, and I is current.

Q: Why is it important to understand electrical calculations?
A: Understanding electrical calculations helps in designing safe and efficient electrical systems, ensuring devices work properly and safely.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 9 – Simple Electrical Calculations

• Meta Description: Learn how to perform simple electrical calculations using Ohm’s Law and power formulas in this Week 9 lesson for JSS1 Basic Technology.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-9-simple-electrical-calculations

• Keywords: electrical calculations, Ohm’s Law, power formula, voltage, current, resistance, JSS1 Basic Technology, Lagos State curriculum

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 10 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 10

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Simple Electrical Circuit Connections and Diagrams

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: electrical circuit, circuit diagram, series circuit, parallel circuit, components, connections

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify and describe the components of a simple electrical circuit.

2. Draw and label simple electrical circuit diagrams.

3. Differentiate between series and parallel circuits.

4. Connect a simple circuit and demonstrate its function.

5. Explain the importance of circuit diagrams in electrical systems.

SET INDUCTION

Teacher asks:
“Have you ever seen a battery connected to a light bulb? What do you think happens when we connect the wires properly or wrongly?”
The teacher may demonstrate connecting a light bulb to a battery, first correctly and then incorrectly, to show how the circuit works.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students have already learned about the basic electrical components, such as voltage, current, and resistance, in the previous lessons. They are now ready to apply this knowledge to build and understand simple circuits.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. COMPONENTS OF A SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

• Battery: Provides the electrical energy needed to move current through the circuit.

• Conducting Wires: Carry the current through the circuit.

• Bulb (Load): The device that uses electrical energy to produce light (or heat).

• Switch: Opens or closes the circuit, controlling the flow of current.

• Resistor: Controls the current flow and protects components from too much current.

2. TYPES OF CIRCUITS

• Series Circuit:
  In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. If one component fails, the whole circuit is broken.

  • Characteristics:

    • Same current flows through all components.

    • The total resistance is the sum of individual resistances.

  • Example:
    A string of Christmas lights connected in series. If one bulb burns out, the entire string stops working.

• Parallel Circuit:
  In a parallel circuit, components are connected in multiple paths. If one component fails, the others continue to function.

  • Characteristics:

    • Voltage across each component is the same.

    • Total resistance is lower than in a series circuit.

  • Example:
    Electrical outlets in a home are usually connected in parallel, allowing multiple devices to operate independently.

3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

• Circuit symbols:

  • Battery: Two long and short parallel lines (positive and negative terminals).

  • Bulb: A circle with a cross inside.

  • Wire: A straight line connecting components.

  • Switch: A break in the line with a small gap or an open circle.

• Drawing a circuit diagram:

  • Always use standard symbols for each component.

  • Connect the components properly, ensuring the battery is providing energy and the switch can open or close the circuit.

4. CONNECTING A SIMPLE CIRCUIT

• Materials:

  • Battery, bulb, switch, and wires.

• Steps:

  1. Connect the battery’s positive terminal to one side of the bulb.

  2. From the other side of the bulb, connect a wire to one terminal of the switch.

  3. Connect the other terminal of the switch back to the battery’s negative terminal.

  When the switch is closed, the current flows, and the bulb lights up.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Demonstrate how to connect a simple circuit using a battery, bulb, switch, and wires.

• Draw both series and parallel circuit diagrams on the board.

• Explain how to read and draw simple circuit diagrams using electrical symbols.

• Provide practical exercises where students will connect circuits in pairs or small groups.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Draw simple series and parallel circuit diagrams.

• Build a simple circuit in class using a battery, bulb, and switch.

• Explain how the circuit works and the effect of opening and closing the switch.

• Identify the difference between series and parallel circuits.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?

2. Draw the circuit diagram of a simple series circuit with a battery and a bulb.

3. What happens if one component fails in a series circuit?

4. Why are parallel circuits used in household wiring?

5. How can you control the flow of current in a simple circuit?

CONCLUSION

The teacher summarizes the lesson by reviewing the importance of circuit diagrams in understanding electrical circuits. Emphasize how circuit diagrams represent electrical connections and how students can use them in practical electrical work.

ASSIGNMENT

• Draw the circuit diagram of a parallel circuit with two bulbs and a battery.

• Explain how to connect a simple circuit with a battery, switch, and bulb in your own words.

FAQs FOR SEO & STUDENT SUPPORT

Q: What is a circuit diagram?
A: A circuit diagram is a simplified visual representation of an electrical circuit, using standard symbols for components like batteries, bulbs, and switches.

Q: Why is it important to understand series and parallel circuits?
A: Understanding the difference helps in designing and troubleshooting electrical systems, as each type of circuit has different behavior when components fail.

Q: What is the advantage of a parallel circuit over a series circuit?
A: In a parallel circuit, if one component fails, the others continue working, unlike in a series circuit where a failure in one component breaks the entire circuit.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 10 – Simple Electrical Circuit Connections and Diagrams

• Meta Description: Learn how to connect simple electrical circuits and draw circuit diagrams in this Week 10 lesson for JSS1 Basic Technology.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-10-electrical-circuit-connections-diagrams

• Keywords: electrical circuit, circuit diagram, series circuit, parallel circuit, electrical connections, JSS1 Basic Technology, Lagos State curriculum

.

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 11 LESSON NOTE

Term: 3rd Term

Week: 11

Class: JSS1

Subject: Basic Technology

Topic: Revision of All Topics Covered

Duration: 40 minutes

Keywords: revision, review, electrical circuits, hand tools, maintenance, metalwork, woodwork, safety

BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Recall and summarize key concepts from the topics covered during the term.

2. Answer questions and solve problems related to woodwork, metalwork, and basic electricity.

3. Demonstrate understanding by applying knowledge in practical scenarios.

4. Show awareness of safety and maintenance practices learned throughout the term.

SET INDUCTION

Teacher asks:
“What have you learned about the different tools we use in the workshop? Can anyone explain how to safely use a measuring tool in metalwork?”
This prompt encourages students to reflect on their previous learning and prepares them for an active review session.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

Students should be familiar with the following concepts:

• Basic safety practices in the workshop.

• Functions and uses of woodwork and metalwork tools.

• Basic electrical concepts and the functioning of simple circuits.

CONTENT BREAKDOWN

1. Woodwork Hand Tools (Weeks 2-3)

• Boring Tools: Examples: Drill, Auger.

  • Use: To make holes in wood.

  • Maintenance: Keep the tools sharp and clean.

• Cutting Tools: Examples: Saws, Chisels.

  • Use: For cutting wood to size.

  • Maintenance: Keep saw blades clean and lubricated.

• Holding Devices: Examples: Clamps, Vices.

  • Use: For holding wood steady while cutting or shaping.

  • Maintenance: Tighten vices properly and clean clamps after use.

2. Metalwork Hand Tools (Weeks 4-5)

• Measuring Tools: Examples: Steel ruler, Micrometer screw gauge.

  • Use: For accurate measurement of metal pieces.

  • Maintenance: Clean and oil to prevent rust.

• Marking-out Tools: Examples: Scriber, Punch.

  • Use: To mark metal for cutting.

  • Maintenance: Keep scriber sharp and use punches carefully.

• Cutting/Burning Tools: Examples: Hacksaws, Oxy-acetylene torch.

  • Use: For cutting metal.

  • Maintenance: Keep tools in good working order by regular inspection.

• Driving Tools: Examples: Hammers, Mallets.

  • Use: To drive nails, rivets, or pins into metal.

  • Maintenance: Check handles for wear and replace when necessary.

3. Electrical Concepts (Weeks 7-10)

• Definition of Electric Current: The flow of electrons through a conductor.

• Types of Current:

  • Direct Current (DC): Flows in one direction.

  • Alternating Current (AC): Changes direction periodically.

• Simple Circuit Connections:

  • Series Circuits: Components connected end-to-end.

  • Parallel Circuits: Components connected across common points.

• Components of a Simple Circuit: Battery, Bulb, Switch, Wires.

  • Circuit Diagrams: Using standard symbols to represent components in an electrical circuit.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES

• Start with a quick quiz on key concepts from the term to gauge student recall.

• Ask students to demonstrate safe tool usage, circuit construction, and maintenance procedures they’ve learned.

• Encourage students to work in pairs to discuss the uses of different hand tools and share maintenance tips.

• Provide examples of electrical circuit diagrams and ask students to draw them based on verbal instructions.

LEARNERS’ ACTIVITIES

• Answer the quiz based on the term’s lessons (e.g., identifying tools and their uses).

• Participate in a group discussion on the importance of tool maintenance and workshop safety.

• Create a simple electrical circuit and draw its circuit diagram based on given instructions.

• Identify and label the components of a simple circuit on the board.

• Solve a practical problem (e.g., wiring a simple circuit or identifying faulty tools from a set of images).

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

1. Name three tools used in woodwork and their functions.

2. How would you maintain a steel ruler and prevent rust?

3. What is the difference between a series and parallel circuit?

4. Draw a simple series circuit with a battery and a bulb.

5. What would happen if a light bulb in a series circuit is removed?

6. List two safety tips when using cutting tools in metalwork.

CONCLUSION

The teacher summarizes the main points covered in the revision:

• The importance of correct tool usage and regular maintenance.

• Key concepts of basic electricity and safe workshop practices.

• Review of circuit types, components, and how they function.

ASSIGNMENT

• Draw a simple parallel circuit diagram with two bulbs, a battery, and a switch.

• Write down five ways to maintain hand tools in both woodwork and metalwork.

• Explain in a short paragraph how a series circuit works and when it might be used.

FAQs FOR SEO & STUDENT SUPPORT

Q: What are the main differences between series and parallel circuits?
A: In a series circuit, the current flows through all components sequentially, meaning if one component fails, the entire circuit stops. In a parallel circuit, each component is connected across a common point, so if one component fails, the others continue to work.

Q: How do I maintain my woodwork tools?
A: Keep woodwork tools clean and dry, sharpen blades regularly, and store them in a dry place to prevent rust. Always check for loose handles or worn-out parts and repair them promptly.

Q: What should I do if my micrometer screw gauge becomes rusty?
A: Clean it with a soft cloth, remove any rust with light oil, and store it in a dry, padded box to avoid further rusting.

SEO OPTIMIZATION BLOCK

• Title Tag: JSS1 Basic Technology Week 11 – Revision of All Topics Covered

• Meta Description: Review key concepts in woodwork, metalwork, and electricity with this Week 11 lesson for JSS1 Basic Technology.

• Slug: jss1-basic-technology-week-11-revision-all-topics-covered

• Keywords: Basic Technology revision, woodwork tools, metalwork tools, electrical circuits, JSS1 revision, Lagos State curriculum, safety in the workshop

.

JSS1 BASIC TECHNOLOGY – WEEK 12 EXAMINATION

Duration: 1 Hour

Total Marks: 50

Instructions:

• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

• Write neatly and legibly.

• Show all workings where necessary.

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (10 Marks)

Choose the correct option for each of the following questions:

1. Which of the following is used to measure the inside diameter of a pipe?
   A. Steel ruler
   B. Caliper
   C. Tape rule
   D. Micrometer

2. What is the main purpose of a vice in metalwork?
   A. To measure dimensions
   B. To hold metal firmly while working
   C. To cut metal
   D. To mark lines on metal

3. What type of current flows in one direction only?
   A. Alternating Current (AC)
   B. Direct Current (DC)
   C. Voltage
   D. Electric Power

4. The tool used to make holes in wood is known as a:
   A. Saw
   B. Drill
   C. Hammer
   D. Vice

5. Which of the following is a holding device used in metalwork?
   A. Micrometer
   B. Bench vice
   C. Caliper
   D. Punch

6. The correct way to maintain a steel rule is to:
   A. Keep it dry and clean
   B. Submerge it in water
   C. Store it in a plastic bag
   D. Use it to cut metal

7. A circuit where components are connected end-to-end is called:
   A. Parallel circuit
   B. Series circuit
   C. Closed circuit
   D. Open circuit

8. What is the function of a scriber in metalwork?
   A. To measure dimensions
   B. To mark lines on metal
   C. To cut metal
   D. To hold metal pieces

9. Which tool is used to drive nails into wood?
   A. Mallet
   B. Hammer
   C. Chisel
   D. Saw

10. The component used to power an electrical circuit is called a:
    A. Switch
    B. Bulb
    C. Battery
    D. Wire

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (20 Marks)

1. (5 marks) Name and describe two types of woodwork hand tools and their uses.

2. (5 marks) Explain the function of a micrometer screw gauge in metalwork and how to maintain it.

3. (5 marks) Define electric current. Mention two types of current and briefly explain their differences.

4. (5 marks) List three safety tips to follow when working with cutting tools in the workshop.

SECTION C: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (20 Marks)

1. (10 marks)
   Describe the steps involved in safely using and maintaining a bench vice in metalwork. Include the following in your response:

   • Function of the bench vice

   • How to use it properly

   • How to maintain it

2. (10 marks)
   Explain the importance of marking out before cutting metal. How does it contribute to the quality of work in metalwork? Provide two examples of marking-out tools and explain their uses.

EVALUATION CRITERIA

• Section A (Multiple Choice): 1 mark each (Total: 10 marks)

• Section B (Short Answer): 5 marks each (Total: 20 marks)

• Section C (Long Answer): 10 marks each (Total: 20 marks)

TOTAL: 50 MARKS

ANSWER KEY (For Teacher Use)

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

1. B. Caliper

2. B. To hold metal firmly while working

3. B. Direct Current (DC)

4. B. Drill

5. B. Bench vice

6. A. Keep it dry and clean

7. B. Series circuit

8. B. To mark lines on metal

9. B. Hammer

10. C. Battery

Section B: Short Answer Questions

1. Example Answers:

   • Drill: Used to make holes in wood.

   • Saw: Used to cut wood into pieces.

2. Example Answer:

   • Micrometer screw gauge: Used to measure the thickness of metal accurately.

   • Maintenance: Clean with a soft cloth, avoid dropping, and store in a dry place.

3. Example Answer:

   • Electric current: The flow of electrons through a conductor.

   • AC: Alternating current, changes direction periodically.

   • DC: Direct current, flows in one direction only.

4. Example Answer:

   • Wear protective gloves.

   • Keep tools sharp.

   • Use clamps to hold materials steady.

Section C: Long Answer Questions

1. Example Answer:

   • Bench vice: Used to hold metal or wood firmly.

   • Use: Open the vice, place material, and tighten to hold.

   • Maintenance: Keep clean, lubricate moving parts, and check for damage regularly.

2. Example Answer:

   • Marking out: Ensures accuracy and neatness in cutting.

   • Examples of tools:

     • Scriber: Marks lines on metal surfaces.

     • Punch: Creates small indentations for drilling.