THIRD TERM:E-LEARNING NOTES JSS 1 (BASIC 7) SUBJECT: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

NAME:……………………………………………………………………….

CLASS:…………………………………….

THIRD TERM:E-LEARNING NOTES

JSS 1 (BASIC 7)

SUBJECT: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

NAME:……………………………………………………………………….CLASS:…………………………………….

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

THIRD TERM:E-LEARNING NOTES

JS 1 (BASIC 7)

SUBJECT: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. Basic Electronic Devices; (a) Basic Emission Theory; Simple thermionic, primary emission. Photo-electric emission, cold-cathode and secondary emissions, etc.
2. Basic electronic devices (cont’d); (b) Electronic Devices; semi-conductor, resistors, capacitors, transistors. (i) Uses of Basic Electronic Devices.
3. Types of Building and Materials: (a) Types of building: bungalow, duplex, detached and semi-detached, hut, high rises, skyscrapers, etc.
4. Types of Building and Materials (cont’d): (b) common building materials, cement, sand, gravel, metal plastics, wood, glass, leaves, ceramics, grass, etc. uses of buildings
5. Simple Blue-Print Reading: (a) plan reading and interpretation-Drawing as a language, The language of lines, reading a building plan
6. Simple Blue-Print Reading (cont’d): (b) Identification of Building Components, fittings, sanitary wares, e.g. sink, bath, shower, soak-away, septic tank, sockets, windows, doors, etc.
7. Maintenance: the Concept of Maintenance; the need for maintenance and importance of maintenance.
8. Types of maintenance: (i) Preventive, (ii) Corrective (iii) predictive
9. Practical projects and test.
10. Revision
11. Examination.

WEEK 1

DATE:

TOPIC: REVISION AND BASIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES

CONTENT: i. Revision of last term work

1. Basic Emission Theory

Sub-Topic I: Revision of last term’s work

The Teacher should use discretion, knowing areas most students are still having difficulties in last term’s work and re-teach or re-explain those areas within this week.

Sub-Topic 2: Basic Emission Theory

What is emission?

Emission is the displacement or dislodgement of electron from a material with the intention of directing such electron to a predetermined position or object. The basic electronic emission occurs when heat, sunlight, electron collision, electromagnetic field and surface bombardment are used to release electron from the metal surface to the vacuum tube.

Electronic Emission

The electronic emission is the process of liberating or emitting free electrons from the metal surface to the vacuum tubes. A vacuum tube is an empty tube in which the air has been completely removed for the purpose of storing liquefied gas.

Methods of Emission

There are four principal methods of liberating electron from the surface of metal:

1. The thermionic emission
2. The photo-electric emission
3. The cold-cathode emission
4. The Secondary emission
5. The Thermionic Emission: The thermionic Emission is the method by which free electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal by the application of heat energy. Another name for thermionic emission is THE PRIMARY EMISSION.
6. The Photo-Electric Emission: This is the method by which free electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal by the application of light or rays of light. It is used in solar panel.
7. The Cold Cathode Emission or Field Emission: This is the method by which free electrons are emitted from the surface of metal by the application of magnetic fields or electric field. It is used in the operation of electron microscope.
8. The Secondary Emission: This is the method by which electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal by the application of kinetic energy. A stream of moving electrons is called electron.

EVALUATION

1. What is electronic emission?
2. Discuss the following ; thermionic emission, the secondary emission

READING ASSIGNMENT: NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 1 Chapter 11 Pages 92-95

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

i. Which of these is an electronic device? (a) a resistor (b) a torch (c) a Walkman (d) an amplifier

ii. The three parts of a transistor are __________,__________ and_______

WEEK 2

DATE:…………………………………

TOPIC: BASIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES (cont’d.)

CONTENT: I. Electronic Devices

II. Uses of basic electronic devices

Sub-Topic 1: BASIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES (CONT’D)

The basic Electronic devices are the devices which emit and control the movement of electrons in a desirable manner used in generation of electronic appliances.

Types of Basic Electronic Devices

1. Semi-conductor
2. Resistor
3. Capacitors
4. Transistors etc
5. Semi Conductors: Semi-conductors are those substances whose electrically conductivity lies between the good conductors (metallic substances) and good insulators (non-metallic substances) E.g. Silicon, Germanium.

Types of Semi Conductors

1. The intrinsic semi-conductor also known as pure semi-conductor
2. The extrinsic semi-conductor also known as impure semi-conductors.
3. Resistor: A Resistor is a device used to control the flow of electric current in an electric circuit or which opposes the flow of electric circuit. The ability of a Resistor to control the flow of electric current is called RESISTANCE. The resistor is measured in Ohms by a device called Ohm meter.

A fixed conductor

A variable resistor

1. Capacitor: A capacitor is a piece of a[apparatus designed to store electrical energies in the form of electric charges. An example of capacitor is Condenser or starter in a fluorescent lamp. The capacitors are available in motor vehicles and air conditioner etc.

Capacitance: this is a phenomenon which exists when certain parts of an electric circuit are able to store electric charges.

Capacitance (C) = Charge on either plate (Q)/P.d across the plates (V).

The S.I unit of a capacitance is farad (F)

1. Transistors: Transistors are semi-conductor materials which are capable of providing amplification in electronic equipment. They are smaller than vacuum tubes; the vacuum tubes control the flow of electron in the airless space while the transistors control the flow of electrons in the semi-conductors materials.

Transistor has three electrodes in terminals

1. The Emitter(E)
2. The Base(B)
3. The Collector(C)

The types of transistors are:

1. The bipolar transistor. E.g. (a) The P-N-P Transistor which are mostly made of Germanium (b) The N-P-N Transistors which are mostly made of silicon
2. The field effect transistor

EVALUATION

1. What is a basic electronic device
2. List 4 types of electronic devices
3. Mention 2 types of transistors

Sub-Topic 2: Uses of Basic Electronic Devices

1. Transistor is used to amplify current. An Amplifier is a circuit that increases the input signal
2. Transistor is used as a sensitive switch
3. Resistor is used to control the current that flows in the bulb
4. Capacitors are used for air conditioning

EVALUATION

1. Mention four uses of electronic devices
2. Identify the following electronic devices:

READING ASSIGNMENT: NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 1 Chapter 11 Pages 95 – 103

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT: Write short notes on the following

1. Semi-conductor
2. Resistor
3. Capacitors
4. Transistors etc.

WEEK 3

DATE:……………………………..

TOPIC: TYPES OF BUILDING AND MATERIALS

CONTENT: i. Types of Buildings

1. Identification of Building by Materials

Sub-Topic I: Types of building

A building is a structure which is designed by the architects or draughtsmen and built for the purpose of providing shelter for human beings.

Building can also be identified through their construction design. The types of buildings are: bungalow, duplex, detached and semi-detached, hut, high-rise, skyscrapers etc

1. Bungalows:- These are buildings that are only at the ground floor
2. Duplex: – Is a compact storey building, roofed at the first floor and only designed to locate the sitting room, dining room, the kitchen and guest room with their conveniences are located at the first floor.
3. Detached: A residential building standing alone
4. Semi-detached or terraced building: Are series of unit buildings along a line joined together with common dividing walls
5. Skyscrapers: A very tall storey buildings with many floors.
6. Hut:- This a small unit and usually round in shape and covered thatch

EVALUATION

1. What is a building
2. Mention 3 types of building you know

Sub-Topic 2: Identification of Buildings by Materials

Buildings are identified by the types of materials with which they are erected.

1. Mud Buildings: These are erected with loamy or clayed soil which has been properly treated to plastic nature.
2. Brick Building: Bricks are molded from dried mortar (a mixture of cement, sand and lime and at times clay burnt in a kiln. There two types of Brick Building:
   1. The Sun dried bricks
   2. The fire burnt bricks (Red bricks)
3. Sand Crete Building: This is made from the mixture of cement and sand. The blocks are used to erect buildings
4. Wood Building: These are erected with logs timber or plywood

EVALUATION

Mention ways through which you can identify buildings by the building materials

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. …………………..buildings that are only at the ground floor
2. ……………………. tall storey buildings with many floors.
3. …………….small unit and usually round in shape and covered thatch
4. ………………are erected with loamy or clayed soil which has been properly treated to plastic nature.
5. ……………………… This is made from the mixture of cement and sand. The blocks are used to erect buildings

Reading Assignment: Students should read about types of building materials

and uses of building. NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School I

Chapter 12 Pages 104 – 107

WEEK 4

DATE:………………………………….

TOPIC: TYPES OF BUILDINGS AND MATERIALS (cont’d)

CONTENT: I. Common building materials

II. Uses of Buildings

Sub-Topic I: Common Building Materials

The common Building Materials are:

1. Sand:- This is the most common building materials. The two types of sand used in building construction are soft sand and sharp sand.
2. Gravel:- This is a constituent of concrete which is used in building construction. There are two types of gravel;
   1. Pebbles:- These are small stones excavated from pits or rover bails
   2. Granite chippings:- These are chipping of blasted granite stones generally collected in grade sizes
3. Cement:- This is a finely powdered, manufactured substance consisting of gypsum plaster or Portland cement that hardens adheres after being mixed with water. It is an essential materials in building construction.
4. Wood:- is a natural products that forms the trunk of trees which is used as a material for building construction. They are used to produce wooden doors and windows and are also as roof and ceiling structures.
5. Loaves and grasses:- are not commonly used nowadays but were good roof covering materials in the past.
6. Glass:-
7. Plastic and Ceramics for sewage pipes for draining waste

TYPES OF BUILDINGS

Buildings are generally classified according to their uses. The following are different types of buildings:

1. Residential buildings are houses we live in
2. Commercial buildings or stalls are those buildings where buying and selling activities are done
3. School buildings are buildings where teaching and learning take place
4. Hospital buildings are buildings where healthcare services are rendered
5. Hostel buildings are where hospitality is given. That is where strangers and visitors are taken care of.
6. Office buildings are buildings where people do their office work
7. Church/mosque buildings are buildings where religious activities are performed.

EVALUATION

List 5 types of Building Materials

Sub-Topic 2: Uses of building

1. Shelter
2. Privacy
3. Protection
4. Comfort
5. Security

EVALUATION

1. List 5 building materials
2. Name 3 uses of buildings

Reading Assignment

Students should read about Simple Blueprint Reading NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School I Chapter 13 Pages 108 – 109

Weekend Assignment

Objective:

1) ______ is one of the common building materials except (a) cement (b) wood (c) chair (d) wood

2) ____ is erected with loamy or clay soil (a) mud building (b) brick building (c) Sand Crete building (d) wood buildings

Essay

1. Differentiate between a bungalow and a duplex
2. List five building materials required for walling

WEEK 5

DATE:…………………………..

TOPIC: SIMPLE BLUE PRINT READING

CONTENT: 1. Definition of Blue Print

2. Drawing as a language

3. Reading a building plan

Sub-Topic 1: Definition of Blue Print

A blue print is a set of approved building drawings necessary to be put in place before construction commences. It is drawn by a draftsman or an architect on transparent paper and later printed on paper. Blue print is the means of communication between the builders and the architects. Blue prints are the complete drawings builders use at their building sites to build. Blue prints are also called working drawings. While the blue print is made by the architect, it is the duty of the builder to interpret it correctly. Mistakes or errors could be too costly; therefore, blue reading requires high-level knowledge of architectural and engineering drawings. It also requires ability to understand measurements and to measure accurately. An example of blueprint is the building plan, shown below:

Sub-Topic II: Drawing As a Language

Technical drawing is a universal language used for communication among technical people. Building design is done by written language in codes and symbols. The language of lines must be under stood first before the understanding of codes and symbols.

Types and Uses of Lines in Technical Drawing:

EVALUATION

1. Define the term ‘blue print’
2. Give a brief explanation on the role of an architect in building industry.
3. Thin continuous line is used for ————- , ——————– and ———————
4. ——————– is a means of communication among the engineers and technical people
5. Arrow heads are used for ————————–

Sub-Topic 3: Reading a Building Plan

The drawings prepared for building construction are many. They include:

1. The Plan: A plan is a section viewed from the top. It is a common method of depicting the internal arrangement of a building in two dimensions.
2. Elevations: The front elevation shows how the building looks like when viewed from the front. It reveals the beauty of the building, as well as the back elevation which shows how the structure looks like when viewed from the back. Side views show the appearance of the building from the sides
3. Sectional view: This is the projection of a cut when viewed from the plan. This shows some hidden details within the building.

EVALUATION

1. Why are building drawings necessary?
2. Mention different types of drawings required for a building and why they are necessary.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Students are to read about ‘Simple blue print reading-Identification of building components’ against the next lesson.

TEXT : NERDC BASIC TECHNOLOGY For Junior Secondary Schools Book 1 Chapter 13 Pages 109 – 112.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Draw the following architectural symbols:

1. Door
2. Window
3. Wall
4. Water closet

WEEK 6

DATE:……………………………….

TOPIC: SIMPLE BLUEPRINT READING: IDENTIFICATION OF BUILDING COMPONENTS

CONTENT: 1. Building Symbols and their meanings

1. Building Symbols and their meanings (cont’d)

Sub-Topic I: Building Symbols and their meanings

EVALUATION:

List any 5 building components

Sub-Topic 2: Building Symbols and their meanings (cont’d)

EVALUATION

Draw the symbols of any five building components that you know.

ASSIGNMENT

Students are to read about ‘maintenance’ against next lesson.

TEXT: NERDC BASIC TECHNOLOGY For Junior Secondary Schools Book 1 Chapter 14 pgs 113 – 114 BY G.NNneji et al.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Draw the following architectural symbols:
2. Door
3. Window
4. Wall
5. Water closet
6. Draw a hut
7. Study the plan of a one – bedroom building in your text book, pg 112, then draw:
8. The front elevation.
9. The back elevation.

WEEK 7

DATE:………………………………….

TOPIC: MAINTENANCE: Concept of and Need for Maintenance

CONTENT: 1. Concept of maintenance

1. Need for maintenance.

Sub-Topic 1: Concept of Maintenance

Maintenance is defined as the work done on any engineering equipment to keep it in good operating condition. Everything we have in our school and home need to be taken care of so that they can serve us better. A driver checks the oil level, radiator water, battery, tyres, brakes etc in his car to see if there is any problem before he hits the road.

Evaluation

1. What is maintenance?
2. How can we maintain our items?

Sub-Topic 2: Need for maintenance

The following are the reasons or need for the maintenance of any item:

1. To make the equipment function properly
2. To avoid preventable breakdown
3. To reduce chances of accidents and ensure safe use
4. To avoid the inconvenience of equipment failure
5. To make the item last longer ;and
6. To reduce loss of time and thereby save money.

EVALUATION

Why do we need to maintain our equipment?

READING ASSIGNMENT

Students should read about Building: Types of building and materials. Definition, Composition, Properties tools used for mixing concrete, methods of transporting concretes.

Text: The students should read more about ‘maintenance’ NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 1 Chapter 14 Pages 113 – 114

WEEK 8

DATE:…………………………………..

TOPIC: MAINTENANCE: Importance and Types of Maintenance

CONTENT: i. Importance of Maintenance

ii. Types of Maintenance

Sub-Topic 1: Importance of Maintenance

Maintenance is the work done to keep or restore equipment to an acceptable working standard at a minimum cost. To avoid breakdown, an organization or individual should formulate an appropriate maintenance policy or plan. Maintenance is important so as to save cost and time that may be required for the installation of new equipment to replace the damaged ones. It is also necessary to prevent disappointment and loss of precious opportunities.

EVALUATION

1. Give a brief explanation on maintenance.
2. Why is maintenance necessary?

Sub Topic 2: Types of maintenance

The types of maintenance carried out on machines and equipment are grouped under the following:

1. Predictive maintenance
2. Preventive maintenance
3. Corrective maintenance

(i) Predictive maintenance: this is the maintenance carried out using computers and other devices to predict impending breakdowns. Once the predictions are made, necessary remedies are immediately designed and applied to avoid those breakdowns.

Basically, predictive maintenance reduces the amount of other types of maintenance to be carried out on the equipment. However, what is important here is to carry out a routine check on the facilities for the predictive maintenance to ensure that they are still in place and functioning.

(ii) Preventive maintenance: This is the type of maintenance carried out on equipment before breakdown occurs. Typical examples of preventive maintenance are:

• Regular servicing of cars
• Regular oiling or lubricating of moving parts
• Regular painting of corrosive metal
• Regular cleaning of equipment routine checks on lubricants, safety gurds, nuts and bolts, studs, signal indicators.
• Routine checks on level of wears, alignment, tension of belt and chains.

(ii) Corrective maintenance: This involves actions taken to correct or restore broken down equipment to a functional state. The equipment may need a total overhaul and some parts may need to be replaced or repaired, and both require money and time.

EVALUATION

1. Mention the types of maintenance
2. State which of the three types of maintenance we should avoid. Give one reason for your answer

READING ASSIGNMENT

Students should revise all the topics from the first week to the last week in the JS 1 Third Term scheme of work

Text: Basic Technology for Junior Secondary Schools and Colleges Books 1 Page 91-96.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ________ is the most expensive maintenance
2. ________ is necessary in order to keep the machine in operating condition
3. Maintenance is cheaper than repair (a) True (b) False
4. Maintenance does not avoid wastage of money and time (a) True (b) False
5. The maintenance that should be most avoided is ______

Essay Questions:

1. What is maintenance?
2. List three types of maintenance

WEEK 9

DATE:…………………….

TOPIC: PRACTICAL PROJECTS AND TESTS

The teacher should ILLUSTRATE the topic taught in this term to the students using practical examples and items. Projects should also be given to the students.

The teacher should use his/her INITIATIVE to teach this topic so that the students can acquire a good practical knowledge of the subject.

WEEK 10 – 12: Revision and Examination

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. Basic Electronic Devices; (a) Basic Emission Theory; Simple thermionic, primary emission. Photo-electric emission, cold-cathode and secondary emissions, etc.
2. Basic electronic devices (cont’d); (b) Electronic Devices; semi-conductor, resistors, capacitors, transistors. (i) Uses of Basic Electronic Devices.
3. Types of Building and Materials: (a) Types of building: bungalow, duplex, detached and semi-detached, hut, high rises, skyscrapers, etc.
4. Types of Building and Materials (cont’d): (b) common building materials, cement, sand, gravel, metal plastics, wood, glass, leaves, ceramics, grass, etc. uses of buildings
5. Simple Blue-Print Reading: (a) plan reading and interpretation-Drawing as a language, The language of lines, reading a building plan
6. Simple Blue-Print Reading (cont’d): (b) Identification of Building Components, fittings, sanitary wares, e.g. sink, bath, shower, soak-away, septic tank, sockets, windows, doors, etc.
7. Maintenance: the Concept of Maintenance; the need for maintenance and importance of maintenance.
8. Types of maintenance: (i) Preventive, (ii) Corrective (iii) predictive
9. Practical projects and test.
10. Revision
11. Examination.

WEEK 1

DATE:

TOPIC: REVISION AND BASIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES

CONTENT: i. Revision of last term work

1. Basic Emission Theory

Sub-Topic I: Revision of last term’s work

The Teacher should use discretion, knowing areas most students are still having difficulties in last term’s work and re-teach or re-explain those areas within this week.

Sub-Topic 2: Basic Emission Theory

What is emission?

Emission is the displacement or dislodgement of electron from a material with the intention of directing such electron to a predetermined position or object. The basic electronic emission occurs when heat, sunlight, electron collision, electromagnetic field and surface bombardment are used to release electron from the metal surface to the vacuum tube.

Electronic Emission

The electronic emission is the process of liberating or emitting free electrons from the metal surface to the vacuum tubes. A vacuum tube is an empty tube in which the air has been completely removed for the purpose of storing liquefied gas.

Methods of Emission

There are four principal methods of liberating electron from the surface of metal:

1. The thermionic emission
2. The photo-electric emission
3. The cold-cathode emission
4. The Secondary emission
5. The Thermionic Emission: The thermionic Emission is the method by which free electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal by the application of heat energy. Another name for thermionic emission is THE PRIMARY EMISSION.
6. The Photo-Electric Emission: This is the method by which free electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal by the application of light or rays of light. It is used in solar panel.
7. The Cold Cathode Emission or Field Emission: This is the method by which free electrons are emitted from the surface of metal by the application of magnetic fields or electric field. It is used in the operation of electron microscope.
8. The Secondary Emission: This is the method by which electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal by the application of kinetic energy. A stream of moving electrons is called electron.

EVALUATION

1. What is electronic emission?
2. Discuss the following ; thermionic emission, the secondary emission

READING ASSIGNMENT: NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 1 Chapter 11 Pages 92-95

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

i. Which of these is an electronic device? (a) a resistor (b) a torch (c) a Walkman (d) an amplifier

ii. The three parts of a transistor are __________,__________ and_______

WEEK 2

DATE:…………………………………

TOPIC: BASIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES (cont’d.)

CONTENT: I. Electronic Devices

II. Uses of basic electronic devices

Sub-Topic 1: BASIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES (CONT’D)

The basic Electronic devices are the devices which emit and control the movement of electrons in a desirable manner used in generation of electronic appliances.

Types of Basic Electronic Devices

1. Semi-conductor
2. Resistor
3. Capacitors
4. Transistors etc
5. Semi Conductors: Semi-conductors are those substances whose electrically conductivity lies between the good conductors (metallic substances) and good insulators (non-metallic substances) E.g. Silicon, Germanium.

Types of Semi Conductors

1. The intrinsic semi-conductor also known as pure semi-conductor
2. The extrinsic semi-conductor also known as impure semi-conductors.
3. Resistor: A Resistor is a device used to control the flow of electric current in an electric circuit or which opposes the flow of electric circuit. The ability of a Resistor to control the flow of electric current is called RESISTANCE. The resistor is measured in Ohms by a device called Ohm meter.

A fixed conductor

A variable resistor

1. Capacitor: A capacitor is a piece of a[apparatus designed to store electrical energies in the form of electric charges. An example of capacitor is Condenser or starter in a fluorescent lamp. The capacitors are available in motor vehicles and air conditioner etc.

Capacitance: this is a phenomenon which exists when certain parts of an electric circuit are able to store electric charges.

Capacitance (C) = Charge on either plate (Q)/P.d across the plates (V).

The S.I unit of a capacitance is farad (F)

1. Transistors: Transistors are semi-conductor materials which are capable of providing amplification in electronic equipment. They are smaller than vacuum tubes; the vacuum tubes control the flow of electron in the airless space while the transistors control the flow of electrons in the semi-conductors materials.

Transistor has three electrodes in terminals

1. The Emitter(E)
2. The Base(B)
3. The Collector(C)

The types of transistors are:

1. The bipolar transistor. E.g. (a) The P-N-P Transistor which are mostly made of Germanium (b) The N-P-N Transistors which are mostly made of silicon
2. The field effect transistor

EVALUATION

1. What is a basic electronic device
2. List 4 types of electronic devices
3. Mention 2 types of transistors

Sub-Topic 2: Uses of Basic Electronic Devices

1. Transistor is used to amplify current. An Amplifier is a circuit that increases the input signal
2. Transistor is used as a sensitive switch
3. Resistor is used to control the current that flows in the bulb
4. Capacitors are used for air conditioning

EVALUATION

1. Mention four uses of electronic devices
2. Identify the following electronic devices:

READING ASSIGNMENT: NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 1 Chapter 11 Pages 95 – 103

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT: Write short notes on the following

1. Semi-conductor
2. Resistor
3. Capacitors
4. Transistors etc.

WEEK 3

DATE:……………………………..

TOPIC: TYPES OF BUILDING AND MATERIALS

CONTENT: i. Types of Buildings

1. Identification of Building by Materials

Sub-Topic I: Types of building

A building is a structure which is designed by the architects or draughtsmen and built for the purpose of providing shelter for human beings.

Building can also be identified through their construction design. The types of buildings are: bungalow, duplex, detached and semi-detached, hut, high-rise, skyscrapers etc

1. Bungalows:- These are buildings that are only at the ground floor
2. Duplex: – Is a compact storey building, roofed at the first floor and only designed to locate the sitting room, dining room, the kitchen and guest room with their conveniences are located at the first floor.
3. Detached: A residential building standing alone
4. Semi-detached or terraced building: Are series of unit buildings along a line joined together with common dividing walls
5. Skyscrapers: A very tall storey buildings with many floors.
6. Hut:- This a small unit and usually round in shape and covered thatch

EVALUATION

1. What is a building
2. Mention 3 types of building you know

Sub-Topic 2: Identification of Buildings by Materials

Buildings are identified by the types of materials with which they are erected.

1. Mud Buildings: These are erected with loamy or clayed soil which has been properly treated to plastic nature.
2. Brick Building: Bricks are molded from dried mortar (a mixture of cement, sand and lime and at times clay burnt in a kiln. There two types of Brick Building:
   1. The Sun dried bricks
   2. The fire burnt bricks (Red bricks)
3. Sand Crete Building: This is made from the mixture of cement and sand. The blocks are used to erect buildings
4. Wood Building: These are erected with logs timber or plywood

EVALUATION

Mention ways through which you can identify buildings by the building materials

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. …………………..buildings that are only at the ground floor
2. ……………………. tall storey buildings with many floors.
3. …………….small unit and usually round in shape and covered thatch
4. ………………are erected with loamy or clayed soil which has been properly treated to plastic nature.
5. ……………………… This is made from the mixture of cement and sand. The blocks are used to erect buildings

Reading Assignment: Students should read about types of building materials

and uses of building. NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School I

Chapter 12 Pages 104 – 107

WEEK 4

DATE:………………………………….

TOPIC: TYPES OF BUILDINGS AND MATERIALS (cont’d)

CONTENT: I. Common building materials

II. Uses of Buildings

Sub-Topic I: Common Building Materials

The common Building Materials are:

1. Sand:- This is the most common building materials. The two types of sand used in building construction are soft sand and sharp sand.
2. Gravel:- This is a constituent of concrete which is used in building construction. There are two types of gravel;
   1. Pebbles:- These are small stones excavated from pits or rover bails
   2. Granite chippings:- These are chipping of blasted granite stones generally collected in grade sizes
3. Cement:- This is a finely powdered, manufactured substance consisting of gypsum plaster or Portland cement that hardens adheres after being mixed with water. It is an essential materials in building construction.
4. Wood:- is a natural products that forms the trunk of trees which is used as a material for building construction. They are used to produce wooden doors and windows and are also as roof and ceiling structures.
5. Loaves and grasses:- are not commonly used nowadays but were good roof covering materials in the past.
6. Glass:-
7. Plastic and Ceramics for sewage pipes for draining waste

TYPES OF BUILDINGS

Buildings are generally classified according to their uses. The following are different types of buildings:

1. Residential buildings are houses we live in
2. Commercial buildings or stalls are those buildings where buying and selling activities are done
3. School buildings are buildings where teaching and learning take place
4. Hospital buildings are buildings where healthcare services are rendered
5. Hostel buildings are where hospitality is given. That is where strangers and visitors are taken care of.
6. Office buildings are buildings where people do their office work
7. Church/mosque buildings are buildings where religious activities are performed.

EVALUATION

List 5 types of Building Materials

Sub-Topic 2: Uses of building

1. Shelter
2. Privacy
3. Protection
4. Comfort
5. Security

EVALUATION

1. List 5 building materials
2. Name 3 uses of buildings

Reading Assignment

Students should read about Simple Blueprint Reading NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School I Chapter 13 Pages 108 – 109

Weekend Assignment

Objective:

1) ______ is one of the common building materials except (a) cement (b) wood (c) chair (d) wood

2) ____ is erected with loamy or clay soil (a) mud building (b) brick building (c) Sand Crete building (d) wood buildings

Essay

1. Differentiate between a bungalow and a duplex
2. List five building materials required for walling

WEEK 5

DATE:…………………………..

TOPIC: SIMPLE BLUE PRINT READING

CONTENT: 1. Definition of Blue Print

2. Drawing as a language

3. Reading a building plan

Sub-Topic 1: Definition of Blue Print

A blue print is a set of approved building drawings necessary to be put in place before construction commences. It is drawn by a draftsman or an architect on transparent paper and later printed on paper. Blue print is the means of communication between the builders and the architects. Blue prints are the complete drawings builders use at their building sites to build. Blue prints are also called working drawings. While the blue print is made by the architect, it is the duty of the builder to interpret it correctly. Mistakes or errors could be too costly; therefore, blue reading requires high-level knowledge of architectural and engineering drawings. It also requires ability to understand measurements and to measure accurately. An example of blueprint is the building plan, shown below:

Sub-Topic II: Drawing As a Language

Technical drawing is a universal language used for communication among technical people. Building design is done by written language in codes and symbols. The language of lines must be under stood first before the understanding of codes and symbols.

Types and Uses of Lines in Technical Drawing:

EVALUATION

1. Define the term ‘blue print’
2. Give a brief explanation on the role of an architect in building industry.
3. Thin continuous line is used for ————- , ——————– and ———————
4. ——————– is a means of communication among the engineers and technical people
5. Arrow heads are used for ————————–

Sub-Topic 3: Reading a Building Plan

The drawings prepared for building construction are many. They include:

1. The Plan: A plan is a section viewed from the top. It is a common method of depicting the internal arrangement of a building in two dimensions.
2. Elevations: The front elevation shows how the building looks like when viewed from the front. It reveals the beauty of the building, as well as the back elevation which shows how the structure looks like when viewed from the back. Side views show the appearance of the building from the sides
3. Sectional view: This is the projection of a cut when viewed from the plan. This shows some hidden details within the building.

EVALUATION

1. Why are building drawings necessary?
2. Mention different types of drawings required for a building and why they are necessary.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Students are to read about ‘Simple blue print reading-Identification of building components’ against the next lesson.

TEXT : NERDC BASIC TECHNOLOGY For Junior Secondary Schools Book 1 Chapter 13 Pages 109 – 112.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Draw the following architectural symbols:

1. Door
2. Window
3. Wall
4. Water closet

WEEK 6

DATE:……………………………….

TOPIC: SIMPLE BLUEPRINT READING: IDENTIFICATION OF BUILDING COMPONENTS

CONTENT: 1. Building Symbols and their meanings

1. Building Symbols and their meanings (cont’d)

Sub-Topic I: Building Symbols and their meanings

EVALUATION:

List any 5 building components

Sub-Topic 2: Building Symbols and their meanings (cont’d)

EVALUATION

Draw the symbols of any five building components that you know.

ASSIGNMENT

Students are to read about ‘maintenance’ against next lesson.

TEXT: NERDC BASIC TECHNOLOGY For Junior Secondary Schools Book 1 Chapter 14 pgs 113 – 114 BY G.NNneji et al.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Draw the following architectural symbols:
2. Door
3. Window
4. Wall
5. Water closet
6. Draw a hut
7. Study the plan of a one – bedroom building in your text book, pg 112, then draw:
8. The front elevation.
9. The back elevation.

WEEK 7

DATE:………………………………….

TOPIC: MAINTENANCE: Concept of and Need for Maintenance

CONTENT: 1. Concept of maintenance

1. Need for maintenance.

Sub-Topic 1: Concept of Maintenance

Maintenance is defined as the work done on any engineering equipment to keep it in good operating condition. Everything we have in our school and home need to be taken care of so that they can serve us better. A driver checks the oil level, radiator water, battery, tyres, brakes etc in his car to see if there is any problem before he hits the road.

Evaluation

1. What is maintenance?
2. How can we maintain our items?

Sub-Topic 2: Need for maintenance

The following are the reasons or need for the maintenance of any item:

1. To make the equipment function properly
2. To avoid preventable breakdown
3. To reduce chances of accidents and ensure safe use
4. To avoid the inconvenience of equipment failure
5. To make the item last longer ;and
6. To reduce loss of time and thereby save money.

EVALUATION

Why do we need to maintain our equipment?

READING ASSIGNMENT

Students should read about Building: Types of building and materials. Definition, Composition, Properties tools used for mixing concrete, methods of transporting concretes.

Text: The students should read more about ‘maintenance’ NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 1 Chapter 14 Pages 113 – 114

WEEK 8

DATE:…………………………………..

TOPIC: MAINTENANCE: Importance and Types of Maintenance

CONTENT: i. Importance of Maintenance

ii. Types of Maintenance

Sub-Topic 1: Importance of Maintenance

Maintenance is the work done to keep or restore equipment to an acceptable working standard at a minimum cost. To avoid breakdown, an organization or individual should formulate an appropriate maintenance policy or plan. Maintenance is important so as to save cost and time that may be required for the installation of new equipment to replace the damaged ones. It is also necessary to prevent disappointment and loss of precious opportunities.

EVALUATION

1. Give a brief explanation on maintenance.
2. Why is maintenance necessary?

Sub Topic 2: Types of maintenance

The types of maintenance carried out on machines and equipment are grouped under the following:

1. Predictive maintenance
2. Preventive maintenance
3. Corrective maintenance

(i) Predictive maintenance: this is the maintenance carried out using computers and other devices to predict impending breakdowns. Once the predictions are made, necessary remedies are immediately designed and applied to avoid those breakdowns.

Basically, predictive maintenance reduces the amount of other types of maintenance to be carried out on the equipment. However, what is important here is to carry out a routine check on the facilities for the predictive maintenance to ensure that they are still in place and functioning.

(ii) Preventive maintenance: This is the type of maintenance carried out on equipment before breakdown occurs. Typical examples of preventive maintenance are:

• Regular servicing of cars
• Regular oiling or lubricating of moving parts
• Regular painting of corrosive metal
• Regular cleaning of equipment routine checks on lubricants, safety gurds, nuts and bolts, studs, signal indicators.
• Routine checks on level of wears, alignment, tension of belt and chains.

(ii) Corrective maintenance: This involves actions taken to correct or restore broken down equipment to a functional state. The equipment may need a total overhaul and some parts may need to be replaced or repaired, and both require money and time.

EVALUATION

1. Mention the types of maintenance
2. State which of the three types of maintenance we should avoid. Give one reason for your answer

READING ASSIGNMENT

Students should revise all the topics from the first week to the last week in the JS 1 Third Term scheme of work

Text: Basic Technology for Junior Secondary Schools and Colleges Books 1 Page 91-96.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ________ is the most expensive maintenance
2. ________ is necessary in order to keep the machine in operating condition
3. Maintenance is cheaper than repair (a) True (b) False
4. Maintenance does not avoid wastage of money and time (a) True (b) False
5. The maintenance that should be most avoided is ______

Essay Questions:

1. What is maintenance?
2. List three types of maintenance

WEEK 9

DATE:…………………….

TOPIC: PRACTICAL PROJECTS AND TESTS

The teacher should ILLUSTRATE the topic taught in this term to the students using practical examples and items. Projects should also be given to the students.

The teacher should use his/her INITIATIVE to teach this topic so that the students can acquire a good practical knowledge of the subject.

WEEK 10 – 12: Revision and Examination