SOCIAL STUDIES JSS 2 SECOND TERM

2ND TERM SCHEME OF WORKS

SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES 

CLASS: J.S.S 2 BASIC 8

1. Revision
2. Values, Meaning, Sources, Factors, Value classification, Understanding one’s own value.
3. Culture and Values: – Religion, meaning, types, names we call God in different communities.
4. Culture and social values: – Marriage meaning types, purpose
5. Marriage: – The Condition for Marriage Effect Lack of readiness on marriage relationship.
6. Family as the basic unit of the society: Advantages of living together in the family. Family bond and cohesion importance of good family reputation.
7.  Gender: – Meaning of gender, Similarities, and differences between male and female, meaning and examples of Gender roles. Factor that influence gender role.
8. Gender and Stereotypes: – Meaning and examples of gender, negative effects of gender role stereotypes. Importance of gender equality 
9. Accident in Schools
10. Health Issues: – Harmful Substances: Meaning and examples, ways of preventing intake of harmful Substances.
11. Revision
12. Examination.

WEEK ONE

Revision of last term work

Solving of 1st term questions

WEEK TWO

TOPIC: VALUES

CONTENT

Values

Meaning of Values

The word “values” has so many meaning, depending on the context it is used.

In ordinary usage, values has to do with the monetary and non-monetary worth of a thing.

Valuable items are always kept  meticulously or jealously  jewelry, expensive cars, certificates etc.

Values can be defined as the moral principles and standards, which guide human actions.

Such principle are highly appreciated by people in  the society because they make society what it should be , like peaceful, progressing etc. the acceptable societal values include; honesty, integrity, courage, fortitude, loyalty, faithfulness, truthfulness to mention but just a few.

Importance of values in the society
The following are the importance of value in the society.

1. They help in the goal setting.
2. They determine how set goals are achieved.
3. They promote good relationship in the society.
4. They help in resisting pressure to conform to values we do not appreciate.
5. They control our behavior in the society.
6. They make us have positive influence on others.
7. They make us happy and fulfilled.

Types of values

• Equality: All people have same rights

1. Honesty: Communicating and acting truthfully
2. Respect: This means treating people with dignity
3. Integrity: Ability to stick to sound moral principles in every situation
4. Contentment: A state of self -satisfaction with what one has or possesses now while working towards a better future
5.  Self- control: Ability to control ones actions
6. Fairness: Treating people based on the principle of social justice.

How values are developed values could be developed through any of the following:

1. Family
2. People in the society
3. Mass media
4. Environment

Sources of values

1. Family 
2. Peer group
3. Religious teachings
4. School environment
5. The media
6. Culture

Effects of value on individuals:

1. It promotes self esteem
2. Produces sense of fulfillment and contentment
3. People feel supported and valued

Decision influenced by values:

1. Choice of friends
2. Decision whether or not to engage in sexual relationship is influenced by values
3. Choice of career
4. Mode of dressing
5. Treating others especially
6. Religion to practice

Value clarification

Values clarification is the ability to recognize your values and defend it publicly.

Assignment:

1. Define values in social studies context.
2. Explain how values can be developed.
3. What are the importance of good values in the society.

WEEK THREE

TOPIC: CULTURE AND SOCIAL VALUES

RELIGION:

Meaning of religion: Religion is an organized collection of belief system where humanity relates to divinity or spirituality. It is also an outward expression of belief in God or a deity.  It can also be defined as the belief in the existence of God and His supremacy

Types of religion: There are basically three types of religion; the Christianity, Islam and the African Traditional Religion (ATR).

1. Christianity: This religion believes in the existence of God and His son Jesus Christ. The Holy book of the Christians is the holy bible, it contains the old and new testament. The Christians worship in the church, Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. The activities Christians perform include Christmas, Easter, holy pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
2. Islam: Those who practice Islam are called Muslims. The Muslims worship in the mosque. The holy book of the Islam is the Quran, the Quran is believed to be the book that contains the verbatim word of God. The Mohammed according to Islam is considered to be the last prophet of God. Islam has basically five pillars of worship which are (1) giving of alms to the poor (2) belief in one God (3) praying five times daily (4) fasting during the month of Ramadan (5) pilgrimage to the holy land (Mecca).
3. African Traditional Religion (ATR): The African Traditional Religion has many gods and goddesses that people worship in different part of Nigeria. Before Christianity and Islam came to Africa, Africa had their own idea about God or the existence of a deity which marks their traditional worship. This religion worship God through gods or goddesses which they believe act as intermediary through which God can be accessed.

Names we call God in different communities in Nigeria:

Hausas – Allah, Ubangiji

Yorubas – Olorun, Oluwa, Olodumare

Igbos – Chukwu, Chineke

Efik – Abasi

Edo – Osanobua

Egun – Mahu

Nupe – Soko

Tiv – Anados

Benefits of religion

1. It provides agencies for socialization.
2. It promotes peace and friendliness.
3. It promotes moral standards by preaching honesty, integrity and holiness.
4. It creates avenue to have fellowship with God.

Similarities in the lessons our religion teaches us:

1. Teaches us to love one another.
2. Teaches us honesty.
3. Teaches us holiness, i.e how to desist from evil of any kind.
4. Teaches us patience.
5. Teaches us tolerance; learning to bear with people and relate well with others.
6. Teaches us faith in God.

Assignment: 

1. Define religion.
2. Mention five names of God and meaning in different Nigerian communities.
3. Mention three benefits of religion.

WEEK FOUR

TOPIC:  Culture and social values 

  Marriage: Meaning, effect of readiness on marriage relationship

Content:

Meaning of marriage

Marriage is the legalized coming together of a man and a woman to live as husband and wife. It is a legal relationship which exist between two matured opposite sex for the purpose of procreation and fellowship.

A normal marriage relationship must receive the consent or backing of family of the man and the woman

Marriage gives the man opportunity of performing the role of the need of the family and the woman the role of the home maker and manager.

It also provides a medium through which the societal values, norms and belief are passed to the next generation through the process of socialization.

Types of marriage

There are three types of marriages in Nigeria

1. Religious marriage (Christian and Islamic marriage)
2. Traditional marriage 
3. Court marriage

1. Religious marriage: there are two types of religious marriage in Nigeria. Christian marriage: This is the joining together of a man and a woman in a church by a priest, pastor or any man of God to become husband and wife as the case may be. 

The Christian marriage recognizes monogamy. Monogamy simply means one man having just only one wife.

A certificate is signed by the couple, the clergy man and with the witnesses of the couple. This certificate makes the marriage to be legally binding.

1. Islamic marriage: – This is a marriage Solemnized according to Islamic religious injunctions. It is normally called “Nikai” and conducted in the mosque or private homes by a recognized in the presence of the couples lmam families, friends and well-wishers.

At the end of the ceremony a certificate is signed by the couple, the lmam, Family representatives and given to the couple. This makes the marriage legally binding.

However, unlike the Christian marriage, the Islamic marriage allows polygamy. This means that the man is free to marry more than one wife.

1. Traditional or Customary Marriage: – This is the kind of marriage performed or conducted according to Africa tradition or culture. The form it takes differs from one culture or tribe to another.

During the Ceremony, the husband pay’s the bride price, either in cash or kind depending on the practice of the community the ceremony is taking place. Like the Islamic marriage traditional marriage allows polygamy.

1. Court /Ordinance Marriage: – This is also known as marriage under the marriage Act. It is usually conducted in a marriage registry by the marriage registrar.

It is usually witnessed by families, friends and well-wishers of the couple. A certificate is an issued to the couple. Like allows marriage, it allows monogamy that is one man.

‘One woman, However the couple can ask for a divorce, if they cannot live together as husband and wife.

This can only take place after five years in marriage has been contracted

Forms of Marriage

The two forms of marriage are: –

1. Monogamy
2. Polygamy
3. polyandry

1. Monogamy: – This form of marriage allows a man to marry only one wife. The Christian marriage and marriage under the marriage Act are monogamous.
2. Polygamous: This has two forms polygamy- This is a form of marriage where a man marries more than two wives at the same time.

Polyandry: – This is a form of marriage where a woman marries more than a man at the same time.

Purpose of Marriage

1. For Planning and progress
2. For purposeful and Fulfilled life
3. For procreation
4. For Partnership
5. For pleasure
6. For psychological Needs
7. For protection and Security.

Assignment:

1. Define marriage.
2. List and explain the three types of marriage.
3. Mention and explain two forms of marriage.

WEEK FIVE

TOPIC: Conditions for marriage

The followings are some of the conditions for marriage

1. Physical Maturity
2. Psychological Maturity
3. Sociological Stability
4. Financial Readiness

Importance of Marriage in the Society.

1. Reduces immoral practices in the Society: – Marriage reduces in discriminable sexual relationship. It provides the couples the opportunity to satisfy themselves sexually.
2. It determines family members: – Through marriage family is establishes. The man, his wife and their children makes a family.
3. It gives couples respects and Recognition: A married man or woman is seen as a responsible person. Greater respect are given by the society to those who are married.
4. Helps in preserving Social Values Beliefs and Culture: – Marriage produces family provides medium through which societal values  are passed to the next generation  through the process of socialization.

Problems and Challenges in Marriage

1. Unfaithfulness: – Couples must be faithful to their marital vows. Extra-marital affair is a form of unfaithfulness that has scattered many homes.
2. Infertility: – This causes childless in the family. Except there is strong marital understanding between the couples. This could destroy a happy home.
3. Absence of male children: – some families have broken not because of bareness but absence of a male child. This happens in families who recognize and value male children more than female.
4. Communication Gap: This brings disaffection in home.
5. Intruders Activities: – where couples allow parents, in laws and friends to interfere in their family issues, they are likely to run into trouble.
6. Lack of respect and love for each other:- When couples fail to respect themselves this will create a lot of problems in the home.

Effect of Lack of readiness on marriage Relationship

1. Constant Misunderstanding
2. Poverty
3. Problematic Children
4. Separation or divorce

Solution to Challenges in Marriage.

1. Forgiveness 
2. Demonstration of True Love 
3. Fidelity
4. Maturity and Openness in Financial matters.
5. Respect and Co-operation
6. Resist third party Influence.
7. There should be time for communication
8. Readiness to accommodate each other’s weaknesses

Assignment:

1. How can problems in marriage be resolved?
2. Mention three effects of lack of readiness on marriage relationship
3. Explain four importance of marriage in the society. 

WEEK SIX

Topic: Family as the basic Unit of the Society.

Content.

The family is the smallest unit of a social Organization. It exists in every society.

According to the Sociologist a family is a group of people who are related by heredity or adoption.

The family is the first social group where a child is taught what is right and what is wrong, what is role is in the society through example. The family also passes the norms and folkways of the society from generation to generate.

Functions of the Family

1. Emotional Care: – The family gives every child Love, security, affection and companionship right from birth. All these help the child in developing good behaviour needed in relating well with others in the society.
2. Child Survival and upbringing: The family ensures that the children have everything they need to survive and become responsible members of the society.
3. Socialization: The family ensures that children are property socialized.

The Family teaches the child acceptable norms and values of the society. This include greeting, or courtesy, dressing eating habits, how to relate with other people etc.

Children are likely to misbehave in the society where proper, socialization is not done from the family he comes.

Advantages of living together in family

1. Protection: Every member protects eternal aggression of any form. The father performs a major role in this regard.
2. Happiness: in a normal family every member enjoys happiness from time to time as they live together.
3. Unity of Purpose: The family has a common goal which is pursued by every member of the family.
4. Education of Children: Children in a family have the opportunity to receiving formal and informal education for a better future.

Assignment:

1 In your own word explain the term family.

2. List and explain two functions of family.
3. Mention 5 importance of good family reputation.

WEEK SEVEN

TOPIC: Gender

Meaning of Gender

Gender simply refers to the sex  of an individual that is male or female and roles the society assigned to it.

Gender is the sum of cultural values, attitudes roles, practices and characteristics based on sex.

Meaning of gender role:

This is the role or behaviour considered appropriate for male or females in a society.

Gender Similarities

Both male and female have the following in common

1. They are all human beings with feelings and desire
2. Apart from the genitals they have similar body parts.
3. They all go through puberty and share romantic interest in other people.
4. They will have goals, Capabilities and Characteristics.
5. They both need to eat and may grow up on the same foods.

Meaning and examples of gender roles:

MALE

1. They converse discipline at home 
2. They are the bread winner of the family
3. They dominate professions like engineering, Security, Piloting, Boxing etc.
4. They determine when to have sexual relationship

FEMALE

1. They are the home makers
2. They must make themselves physically attractive
3. They are to wait for male to initiate relationships and sexual advances.
4. They determinate professions like teaching, nursing etc.
5. They take care of the children.

Factors that influence gender roles:

1. Peer influence or friendship.
2. Religion; through religious books.
3. Family; through socialization.
4. School; through academics and school co-curricular activities.

WEEK EIGHT

TOPIC: Gender Stereo types

Meaning of gender stereotype: 

Gender stereotype is the misconception or myth that people have about a particular sex or gender or the belief on attitudinal display of a particular gender.

Examples of gender stereotype:

1. Men are stereotyped as being uncaring, more rational, stable strong, brave and rough, staying away from home, being more interested in sport.
2. Women are stereotyped as being prone to tears, less rational having moods being gentle, talking more, wanting to take care of children etc.

Negative effects of gender roles and stereotype:

1. Women experience a drop in self esteem and are more likely to be depressed. 2. Women are more often victims of physical and sexual abuse.
2. Women are less likely to take physical risk. 
3. It kills talent and discourages creativity. 
4. It encourages stigma. 
5. It limits or discourages achievements.
6. It encourages unnecessary rivalry.
7. It encourages discriminations.
8. It limits or discourages achievement.
9. It encourages exploitation of the weaker sex.

Common myths about Gender role

1. Men are easily arose while women are not.
2. A man that has feminine traits is a homosexual
3. Boys and girls cannot be friends or respect each other.
4. A woman who initiate sexual relationship is a prostitute.

Harmful Effects of the Stereotypes

1. Women are more often victims of physical and sexual abuse.
2. They are more likely than male to commit suicide
3. They are less assertive than males.
4. They experience a drop in self-esteem and more likely to be depressed.
5. They are more likely to abandon educational aspirations.

Assignments:

1. Define gender and gender stereotype.
2. Mention three negative effects of gender stereotype.

WEEK NINE

Topic: Accident in Schools

Content

Meaning of Accidents

Accident is the sudden occurrence of an unpleasant event which causes injury on an Individual or a group of people.

Accident are always unplanned for and always worked against by providing safety measure in the society.

Forms of Accidents in School

1. Falling from stair case
2. Electric shocks
3. Sliding in the toilet
4. Hitting of a student eye by teacher why caning.
5. Fracture while running or playing games on the pitch.
6. Burns from fire or chemical.

Prevention of accident in Schools.

1. Remove all dangerous materials that can cause accident from the ground, classes or laboratory.
2. Student should avoid playing with dangerous instruments, or objects such as razorblade, knife, bottles etc.
3. Avoid exposed live electrical cable
4. All broken or bad sockets should be changed
5. Dangerous chemicals used in the laboratories should be kept in special rooms inaccessible to the students.
6. First aid kits should be provided in laboratories School clinic etc
7. Fire extinguisher should be provided in schools 

STEPS TO TAKE WHEN ACCIDENT OCCUR

1. Report to teachers or any adult around that can help.
2. Ensure the victim or injured person receives first aid treatment immediately.
3. Take care the victim to the sick bay, school clinic or hospital for intensive care.
4. Remove the object or material that caused the injury or accident.

Assignment:

1. Define  accident
2. How can accident be prevented in schools?
3. Mention five forms of accident in school.

WEEK TEN

Topic: Health Issues

(Harmful substances)

Meaning of harmful Substances

Harmful Substances refers to contaminated Foods and drugs which are unfit for human consumption.

Consumption of such food and drink can become poisons in the body and lead to death or serious sickness

Example of harmful Substances

1. Fake products: – All Substandard foods; drinks, drugs that are fake should not be consumed.
2. Expired products: – All Expire foods, drinks, drugs are unfit for human, consumption so you are advice to check the expire date of the canned foods.
3. Stale food: A stale food is a food that has been prepared for a long time, such food is not good for consumption.
4. Impure or contaminated water is unfit for human consumption.

Ways of preventing the intake of harmful substances:

1. Always check the expiry date of any food, drink or drugs before      consuming them.
   2. Buy only food, drinks and drugs approved by NAFDAC.
2. Avoid buying snacks that have been exposed to sun and dust.
3. Avoid eating stale food, ensure that only well preserved food are eaten.
4. Always eat only well cooked food.
5. Obey the rule of hygiene always and keep your kitchen clean.

Assignment:

1. Define  harmful substance.
2. Mention five ways of preventing the intake of harmful substances.
3. Mention some harmful substances that are commonly seen in our     environment.

11th week 

Revision

12 week

Examination