Client-Centered Approach: Guidance and counseling should focus on the needs, preferences, and goals of the client. The individual’s well-being and development are at the center of the counseling process. Confidentiality: Counselors are bound to maintain the confidentiality of client information unless there is a legitimate concern for the client’s safety or the safety of others.
The environmental factors that can affect the growth and development of a child : A. Pre-natal factors: These factors encompass everything that happens to a child in the womb. They can include both positive and negative influences. For instance, a mother’s healthy diet during pregnancy can positively impact the child’s physical development. Conversely, exposure to
Set induction, also known as an introduction or advance organizer, refers to the technique used by teachers at the beginning of a lesson to capture students’ attention, activate their prior knowledge, and create a context for the upcoming content. It aims to prepare students’ minds for learning by providing an overview of the lesson’s objectives,
List and explain Piaget’s stages of cognitive development Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, is known for his theory of cognitive development, which describes how children develop their thinking abilities. He proposed four main stages: Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 years): Description: In this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and motor actions.
The Eric Ashby Commission, also known as the Ashby Commission, made recommendations in 1960 to develop tertiary education in Nigeria. Here are the main recommendations in simpler language: Balanced Growth: The commission suggested that universities should grow at the same pace as the country’s needs. This means more universities should be built to meet the
In the context of development, the term “environment” refers to all the external factors and influences that affect the growth and maturation of an individual from the time of conception throughout their life. This includes physical surroundings, social interactions, cultural norms, educational opportunities, and more, all of which play a crucial role in shaping an
Erik Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage, which occurs during the ages of 12 to 18 years, corresponds to the challenging period of puberty and adolescence. This stage is crucial for the development of a person’s sense of self and identity. Here’s an elaboration on this stage: Identity Development: During this stage, adolescents are faced
Discuss how external environment affects the physical & mental developments of identical twins. Identical twins often have similar genetic constitution as they come from the same zygote but in life they are often different in so many aspects. This difference is due to the effect of external environment. Evidence abounds of Nigerian athletes or students
When one egg (Ovum) is fertilized by one sperm, a zygote is formed. This zygote may now divide into two and each half will develop into a separate embryo. These two embryos originating from the same zygote will lead to the birth of monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins. Usually, monozygotic twins are
Exposure to Rich Experiences: Adolescents have a growing capacity to understand abstract concepts and engage in critical thinking. Therefore, teachers should expose them to rich and real-life experiences rather than relying solely on traditional lectures. For example, instead of a lecture on the concept of justice, adolescents might benefit more from witnessing a court proceeding.
