HomePrimary 5English GrammarAddition and Subtraction of Fractions Mathematics Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Addition and Subtraction of Fractions Mathematics Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Mathematics Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes

Week: 9
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Primary 5
Term: First Term
Age: 10 years
Topic: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Sub-Topics:

  1. Addition of Fractions and Mixed Numbers
  2. Subtraction of Fractions and Mixed Numbers
  3. Addition and Subtraction of Decimal Fractions
  4. Real-Life Problems
  5. Quantitative Reasoning

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Add and subtract fractions with common denominators.
  2. Add and subtract proper fractions, improper fractions, and mixed fractions.
  3. Solve real-life problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions.
  4. Use the LCM method to add and subtract fractions.
  5. Apply quantitative aptitude to problems related to addition and subtraction of mixed numbers.

Keywords:

  • Fractions
  • Mixed numbers
  • Decimal fractions
  • Addition
  • Subtraction
  • Real-life problems

Set Induction:
The teacher will start with a discussion on how fractions are used in everyday life, such as cooking or shopping, to introduce the importance of adding and subtracting fractions.

Entry Behaviour:
Pupils should be familiar with basic fractions and simple addition and subtraction.

Learning Resources and Materials:

  1. Fraction charts
  2. Worksheets for practice
  3. Visual aids for mixed numbers
  4. Whiteboard and markers

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: The teacher will review basic fraction operations and introduce mixed numbers and decimal fractions.

Embedded Core Skills:

  • Problem-solving
  • Analytical thinking
  • Application of mathematical operations

Learning Materials:

  1. Fraction charts
  2. Practice worksheets
  3. Visual aids

Reference Books:
Lagos State Scheme of Work, Primary 5 Mathematics Textbook

Instructional Materials:

  1. Fraction charts
  2. Worksheets
  3. Whiteboard and markers

Content:

  1. Addition of Fractions and Mixed Numbers
    • Adding fractions with common denominators.
    • Adding mixed numbers.
    • Examples and practice problems.
  2. Subtraction of Fractions and Mixed Numbers
    • Subtracting fractions with common denominators.
    • Subtracting mixed numbers.
    • Examples and practice problems.
  3. Addition and Subtraction of Decimal Fractions
    • Adding and subtracting decimal fractions.
    • Examples and practice problems.
  4. Real-Life Problems
    • Applying addition and subtraction of fractions to real-life scenarios.
    • Examples and practice problems.
  5. Quantitative Reasoning
    • Solving quantitative aptitude problems involving fractions and mixed numbers.
    • Examples and practice problems.

Addition of Fractions and Mixed Numbers

Adding Fractions with Common Denominators:

  • To add fractions with the same denominator, keep the denominator and add the numerators.

Examples:

  1. 3/8 + 2/8 = 5/8
  2. 7/10 + 1/10 = 8/10, which simplifies to 4/5
  3. 5/12 + 3/12 = 8/12, which simplifies to 2/3
  4. 4/7 + 2/7 = 6/7
  5. 9/15 + 4/15 = 13/15

Adding Mixed Numbers:

  • Add the whole numbers together and then add the fractions. If needed, convert any improper fractions to mixed numbers.

Examples:

  1. 2 1/4 + 1 2/4 = 3 3/4
  2. 5 3/8 + 2 5/8 = 8 1/4
  3. 7 2/5 + 3 4/5 = 11 1/5
  4. 4 7/10 + 2 1/10 = 6 4/10, which simplifies to 6 2/5
  5. 3 3/6 + 4 4/6 = 7 1/6

Class Work:

  1. 5/9 + 2/9 = ?
  2. 3 1/3 + 2 2/3 = ?
  3. 6/11 + 4/11 = ?
  4. 1 5/8 + 3 1/8 = ?
  5. 7/12 + 2/12 = ?

Subtraction of Fractions and Mixed Numbers

Subtracting Fractions with Common Denominators:

  • To subtract fractions with the same denominator, keep the denominator and subtract the numerators.

Examples:

  1. 7/8 – 3/8 = 4/8, which simplifies to 1/2
  2. 5/6 – 2/6 = 3/6, which simplifies to 1/2
  3. 9/10 – 4/10 = 5/10, which simplifies to 1/2
  4. 11/12 – 1/12 = 10/12, which simplifies to 5/6
  5. 8/15 – 3/15 = 5/15, which simplifies to 1/3

Subtracting Mixed Numbers:

  • Subtract the whole numbers and then subtract the fractions. Borrow from the whole number if needed.

Examples:

  1. 5 3/4 – 2 1/4 = 3 2/4, which simplifies to 3 1/2
  2. 7 2/5 – 4 1/5 = 3 1/5
  3. 9 1/6 – 3 5/6 = 5 1/6
  4. 6 4/7 – 2 3/7 = 4 1/7
  5. 8 3/10 – 4 7/10 = 3 6/10, which simplifies to 3 3/5

Class Work:

  1. 7/8 – 2/8 = ?
  2. 6 1/2 – 3 3/4 = ?
  3. 9/10 – 1/10 = ?
  4. 4 5/6 – 2 2/6 = ?
  5. 8/12 – 3/12 = ?

Addition and Subtraction of Decimal Fractions

Adding and Subtracting Decimal Fractions:

  • Align the decimal points and add or subtract as you would with whole numbers. Place the decimal point in the result.

Examples:

  1. 3.45 + 2.30 = 5.75
  2. 7.89 – 4.56 = 3.33
  3. 12.50 + 7.25 = 19.75
  4. 15.60 – 8.40 = 7.20
  5. 6.75 + 3.85 = 10.60

Class Work:

  1. 4.25 + 3.50 = ?
  2. 9.80 – 2.30 = ?
  3. 8.60 + 7.15 = ?
  4. 11.45 – 5.60 = ?
  5. 7.30 + 2.40 = ?

Real-Life Problems

Applying Addition and Subtraction of Fractions to Real-Life Scenarios:

  • Use fractions in practical situations like cooking or measuring.

Examples:

  1. You have 3/4 of a cup of sugar and use 1/2 cup. How much sugar is left?
    • Solution: 3/4 – 1/2 = 1/4 cup remaining.
  2. A pizza was divided into 8/12 and you ate 3/12. How much pizza is left?
    • Solution: 8/12 – 3/12 = 5/12 remaining.
  3. You have 2 1/2 liters of juice and pour 1 1/4 liters. How much juice is left?
    • Solution: 2 1/2 – 1 1/4 = 1 1/4 liters left.
  4. If you need 5/8 of a meter of ribbon for each gift and have 2 meters, how many gifts can you make?
    • Solution: 2 ÷ 5/8 = 3 1/5 gifts.
  5. You buy 1 1/2 meters of fabric and use 1 1/4 meters. How much fabric remains?
    • Solution: 1 1/2 – 1 1/4 = 1/4 meter remaining.

Class Work:

  1. You have 2 1/2 hours to study and spend 1 3/4 hours. How much time is left?
  2. You bake 5/6 of a cake and eat 2/6. How much is left?
  3. You need 3/5 of a liter of milk for a recipe. If you have 2 liters, how much is left?
  4. You have 4 liters of juice and pour 7/8 liters into a jug. How much is left?
  5. You buy 1 1/2 meters of fabric and use 1 1/4 meters. How much fabric remains?

Quantitative Reasoning

Solving Quantitative Aptitude Problems Involving Fractions and Mixed Numbers:

Examples:

  1. If a car travels 3 1/2 miles in an hour, how far does it travel in 4 1/2 hours?
    • Solution: 3 1/2 × 4 1/2 = 15 1/4 miles.
  2. A job takes 5 1/3 hours to complete and 4 1/2 workers are assigned. How long will it take?
    • Solution: 5 1/3 ÷ 4 1/2 = 1 5/6 hours.
  3. If you mix 2 1/4 liters with 3 2/3 liters, what is the total mixture?
    • Solution: 2 1/4 + 3 2/3 = 6 1/12 liters.
  4. A recipe requires 2/5 cup of salt and you have 3/4 cup. How much salt is left?
    • Solution: 3/4 – 2/5 = 7/20 cup remaining.
  5. If a book has 250 pages and you read 3/5 of it, how many pages have you read?
    • Solution: 250 × 3/5 = 150 pages.

Class Work:

  1. Calculate 2 1/4 × 3 2/5.
  2. Find the time taken if a task needs 7 1/2 hours and 3 workers are assigned.
  3. Determine the remaining mixture if 5 1/4 liters are added to 6 2/3 liters.
  4. Subtract 3/7 from 5/6.
  5. If 4/5 of 200 pages are read, how many pages are read?

Questions

  1. The sum of 1/4 and 2/4 is __________.
    a) 3/4
    b) 2/4
    c) 1/2
    d) 1
  2. Subtract 3/8 from 5/8. The result is __________.
    a) 2/8
    b) 1/2
    c) 3/8
    d) 1/4
  3. Adding 2 1/2 and 3 1/4 gives __________.
    a) 5 1/4
    b) 5 3/4
    c) 6
    d) 6 1/4
  4. Subtract 1 3/5 from 4 2/5. The result is __________.
    a) 2
    b) 3 2/5
    c) 3
    d) 2 2/5
  5. The sum of 0.5 and 1.75 is __________.
    a) 2.25
    b) 2.5
    c) 1.75
    d) 1.25
  6. Subtract 2.6 from 5.4. The result is __________.
    a) 3.8
    b) 2.8
    c) 3
    d) 2.6
  7. Add 1/3 and 1/6. The result is __________.
    a) 1/2
    b) 2/6
    c) 1/3
    d) 1/6
  8. Subtract 5/10 from 8/10. The result is __________.
    a) 1/10
    b) 3/10
    c) 1/2
    d) 1
  9. Adding 2 2/5 and 3 3/5 gives __________.
    a) 5 1/5
    b) 5 2/5
    c) 6
    d) 5 4/5
  10. Subtract 7 3/4 from 10 1/4. The result is __________.
    a) 2 1/2
    b) 3
    c) 2 3/4
    d) 3 1/4
  11. The sum of 0.2 and 0.4 is __________.
    a) 0.6
    b) 0.8
    c) 0.4
    d) 0.2
  12. Subtract 1.9 from 3.5. The result is __________.
    a) 1.6
    b) 1.5
    c) 2.4
    d) 2.0
  13. Add 3/7 and 2/7. The result is __________.
    a) 5/7
    b) 6/7
    c) 1
    d) 1/7
  14. Subtract 4/9 from 5/6. The result is __________.
    a) 1/6
    b) 1/9
    c) 7/18
    d) 5/18
  15. Adding 3.25 and 2.4 gives __________.
    a) 5.65
    b) 5.6
    c) 5.5
    d) 5.75

Class Activity Discussion

  1. Q: How do you add fractions with different denominators?
    A: Find the least common denominator, convert the fractions, then add the numerators.
  2. Q: What is the procedure for subtracting mixed numbers?
    A: Subtract the whole numbers first, then subtract the fractions. If needed, borrow from the whole number.
  3. Q: How do you convert fractions to decimal fractions?
    A: Divide the numerator by the denominator.
  4. Q: What is the LCM method for adding fractions?
    A: Find the least common multiple of the denominators to create a common denominator.
  5. Q: How do you handle subtraction of decimal fractions?
    A: Line up the decimal points and subtract as you would with whole numbers.
  6. Q: How do you simplify a fraction after addition or subtraction?
    A: Reduce the fraction to its simplest form by dividing the numerator and denominator by their greatest common divisor.
  7. Q: What if the fractions have different denominators when subtracting?
    A: Convert to a common denominator, then subtract the numerators.
  8. Q: How can you solve real-life problems with fractions?
    A: Apply fraction operations to scenarios like measuring ingredients or dividing quantities.
  9. Q: Why is it important to convert mixed numbers to improper fractions?
    A: It simplifies the process of addition and subtraction.
  10. Q: How do you check your answer after adding or subtracting fractions?
    A: Verify that the result is simplified and check by converting it to a decimal if needed.
  11. Q: What should you do if you need to borrow when subtracting mixed numbers?
    A: Borrow from the whole number part and convert it to a fraction.
  12. Q: How can decimal fractions be converted back to fractions?
    A: Write the decimal as a fraction with a denominator based on the place value, then simplify.
  13. Q: How do you handle addition and subtraction of fractions with unlike denominators?
    A: Convert to a common denominator before performing the operation.
  14. Q: How do you add mixed numbers with different denominators?
    A: Convert to improper fractions, find a common denominator, and then add.
  15. Q: What are some practical applications of fractions in everyday life?
    A: Cooking recipes, measuring materials, dividing items, and financial calculations.

Presentation:

Step 1: Review the basic operations with fractions and mixed numbers.
Step 2: Demonstrate how to add and subtract decimal fractions.
Step 3: Solve real-life problems using the operations learned.

Teacher’s Activities:

  • Explain and demonstrate addition and subtraction of fractions and mixed numbers.
  • Provide examples and practice problems.
  • Guide pupils through real-life scenarios and quantitative problems.

Learners’ Activities:

  • Participate in solving examples of fraction operations.
  • Complete worksheets and real-life problem scenarios.
  • Practice quantitative reasoning problems.

Assessment:

  1. Solve addition problems involving fractions and mixed numbers.
  2. Perform subtraction with fractions and mixed numbers.
  3. Apply the LCM method to add and subtract fractions.
  4. Solve real-life problems using addition and subtraction of fractions.

Evaluation Questions:

  1. What is the sum of 3/5 and 2/5?
  2. Subtract 1/8 from 7/8.
  3. Add 4 1/2 and 3 3/4.
  4. What is 5 1/3 minus 2 2/3?
  5. Convert 0.75 to a fraction.
  6. Subtract 0.5 from 2.3.
  7. Add 2 1/4 and 1 2/3.
  8. Subtract 1 3/5 from 4 1/5.
  9. What is the decimal equivalent of 1/4?
  10. Add 0.2 and 0.4.
  11. Subtract 3/10 from 7/10.
  12. Convert 1.2 to a fraction.
  13. What is the sum of 2 2/5 and 1 1/5?
  14. Subtract 1.1 from 4.5.
  15. What is 0.6 plus 0.9?

Conclusion:

The teacher will review answers, provide feedback, and clarify any misunderstandings. Pupils will discuss the real-life applications of fractions and their importance in everyday activities.

 

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