Basic Sentence Structures Grammar Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 1

Week 1: Grammar – Study and Use of Basic Sentence Structures

Subject: Grammar
Class: Primary 4
Term: First Term
Week: 1
Age: 9 years

Topic: Study and Use of Basic Sentence Structures
Sub-topic: Understanding Simple Sentences
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

• Pupils will be able to identify and use basic sentence structures.
• Pupils will understand the components of simple sentences.
• Pupils will construct sentences using proper grammar.

Key Words:

• Sentence
• Subject
• Predicate
• Object
• Structure

Set Induction:

Start with a discussion on what makes a complete sentence. Use examples of simple sentences to illustrate how sentences are formed and why they are important in communication.

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils should have basic knowledge of words and their usage in sentences. They should be familiar with nouns and verbs.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Sentence structure charts
• Worksheets with sentence construction exercises
• Example sentences

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Relate the lesson to previous activities where pupils have used words in sentences. Emphasize how understanding sentence structure improves their writing and communication skills.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Grammar and sentence construction
• Reading comprehension
• Writing and editing

Learning Materials:

• Charts showing sentence structure (Subject + Predicate)
• Worksheets for practice
• Flashcards with sentence components

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Primary 4 English Language textbooks

Instructional Materials:

• Sentence structure charts
• Worksheets
• Flashcards

Content:

1. Introduction to Sentence Structures:
   • Explain what a sentence is: a group of words that express a complete thought.
   • Discuss the basic parts of a sentence: Subject (who or what the sentence is about) and Predicate (what the subject does).
2. Components of a Simple Sentence:
   • Subject: The main noun or pronoun in the sentence.
   • Predicate: The action or state of being in the sentence.
   • Object (if applicable): The noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.
3. Examples:
   • Example 1: “The cat sleeps.” (Subject: The cat, Predicate: sleeps)
   • Example 2: “John reads a book.” (Subject: John, Predicate: reads a book, Object: a book)
   • Example 3: “The dog barks loudly.” (Subject: The dog, Predicate: barks loudly)
   • Example 4: “She eats breakfast.” (Subject: She, Predicate: eats breakfast)
   • Example 5: “The children play outside.” (Subject: The children, Predicate: play outside)

Evaluation:

• Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:
  1. The _______ runs in the park.
     • a) car
     • b) dog
     • c) house
     • d) tree
  2. The teacher _______ a lesson.
     • a) sings
     • b) writes
     • c) flies
     • d) sleeps
  3. My friend _______ a new book.
     • a) eats
     • b) reads
     • c) walks
     • d) sings
  4. The cat _______ on the mat.
     • a) swims
     • b) sits
     • c) jumps
     • d) runs
  5. They _______ soccer after school.
     • a) watch
     • b) cook
     • c) play
     • d) clean
  6. She _______ her homework.
     • a) writes
     • b) dances
     • c) reads
     • d) runs
  7. The sun _______ brightly.
     • a) shines
     • b) eats
     • c) sleeps
     • d) flies
  8. The children _______ loudly.
     • a) cry
     • b) laugh
     • c) sleep
     • d) write
  9. We _______ a delicious meal.
     • a) cook
     • b) swim
     • c) drive
     • d) jump
  10. She _______ a letter to her friend.
      • a) writes
      • b) eats
      • c) sings
      • d) runs

Class Activity Discussion:

• :
  1. What is a sentence?
     • A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
  2. What are the main parts of a sentence?
     • The main parts are the subject and predicate.
  3. How do you identify the subject in a sentence?
     • The subject is the noun or pronoun that the sentence is about.
  4. What does the predicate of a sentence do?
     • The predicate tells what the subject does or what happens to the subject.
  5. Can a sentence have an object?
     • Yes, if the verb in the sentence needs to act on something.
  6. How can you tell if a sentence is complete?
     • It must have a subject and a predicate and express a complete thought.
  7. What is an example of a simple sentence?
     • “The dog barks.”
  8. Why is understanding sentence structure important?
     • It helps in constructing clear and correct sentences in writing and speaking.
  9. How can you practice sentence construction?
     • By writing sentences and identifying their parts.
  10. What should you check in your sentences?
      • Ensure they have a subject, predicate, and make sense.

Presentation:

• Step 1: Review the basic components of a sentence.
• Step 2: Introduce the examples and explain sentence structure.
• Step 3: Allow pupils to practice constructing their own sentences and provide feedback.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain sentence structure with examples.
• Provide worksheets and practice exercises.
• Assist pupils in constructing sentences and reviewing their work.

Explanation of Sentence Structure

Sentence Structure refers to the way words and phrases are arranged to form a complete thought. It generally involves the following components:

1. Subject: The person, place, thing, or idea that is performing the action or being described.
2. Predicate: The part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing or what is being said about the subject. It usually includes the verb and any additional details.
3. Object: The noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.

Basic Sentence Structure:

• Simple Sentence: Contains a subject and a predicate. Example: “The cat sleeps.”
• Compound Sentence: Contains two or more simple sentences joined by a conjunction. Example: “The cat sleeps, and the dog plays.”
• Complex Sentence: Contains a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Example: “The cat sleeps because it is tired.”

Worksheets and Practice Exercises

Worksheet 1: Identifying Parts of a Sentence

Instructions: For each sentence, identify the subject, predicate, and object (if applicable).

1. The teacher explains the lesson.
   • Subject: ______________
   • Predicate: ______________
   • Object: ______________
2. The children played outside.
   • Subject: ______________
   • Predicate: ______________
   • Object: ______________
3. She writes stories every day.
   • Subject: ______________
   • Predicate: ______________
   • Object: ______________
4. John and Sarah went to the market, and they bought some fruit.
   • Subject: ______________
   • Predicate: ______________
   • Object: ______________
5. After the rain, the rainbow appeared in the sky.
   • Subject: ______________
   • Predicate: ______________
   • Object: ______________

Worksheet 2: Sentence Formation

Instructions: Arrange the words to form a complete sentence.

1. dog / the / quickly / runs / the

   • ---

2. happy / the / was / teacher / very

   • ---

3. playing / are / outside / children / the

   • ---

4. the / will / homework / complete / she

   • ---

5. because / is / tired / he / early / went / bed

   • ---

Worksheet 3: Sentence Combining

Instructions: Combine the following sentences using appropriate conjunctions (e.g., and, but, because).

1. The cat is hungry. The cat is waiting by the door.

   • ---

2. She studied hard for the test. She wanted to do well.

   • ---

3. He forgot his umbrella. It was raining.

   • ---

4. The movie was interesting. The movie was too long.

   • ---

5. I will call you. I finish my homework.

   • ---

Worksheet 4: Identifying Sentence Types

Instructions: Determine if each sentence is simple, compound, or complex.

1. She enjoys reading books.

   • ---

2. I wanted to go to the park, but it was too cold outside.

   • ---

3. Although it was raining, we went for a walk.

   • ---

4. The dog barked, and the cat ran away.

   • ---

5. The teacher explained the lesson before the bell rang.

   • ---

These worksheets and exercises will help students practice identifying and constructing different parts of sentences, as well as understanding various sentence structures.

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in discussions about sentence structure.
• Complete worksheets with sentence construction exercises.
• Write and share their own sentences.

Assessment:

• Review pupils’ completed worksheets.
• Check understanding through fill-in-the-blank questions and class participation.

Evaluation Questions:

• What are the key parts of a sentence?
• How do you construct a simple sentence?
• What makes a sentence complete?
• How can you identify the subject and predicate?
• Why is sentence structure important in writing?

Conclusion:

• The teacher will review pupils’ sentences, provide feedback, and address any common challenges or misunderstandings.