Understanding Obligations: Using ‘Must’, ‘Have To’, and ‘Ought To’ English Grammar Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4

English Language Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4

Subject: English Language
Class: Primary 4
Term: First Term
Week: 4
Age: 9 years

Topic: Expressing Obligations: ‘Must’, ‘Have To’, ‘Ought To’
Sub-topic: Understanding and Using Modal Verbs for Obligation
Duration: 1 hour

Behavioural Objectives:

• Students will be able to use ‘must’, ‘have to’, and ‘ought to’ to express obligations in sentences.
• Students will identify and explain the different contexts in which these modal verbs are used.
• Students will apply these modal verbs to describe their own responsibilities.

Keywords: Must, Have to, Ought to, Obligation, Responsibility

Set Induction:

• Start with a brief discussion about daily responsibilities (e.g., chores, schoolwork). Ask students what they must, have to, or ought to do regularly.

Entry Behaviour:

• Students should have a basic understanding of modal verbs from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Textbooks: Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Flashcards with examples of ‘must’, ‘have to’, ‘ought to’
• Worksheets for practice
• Whiteboard and markers

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Connect the new lesson to previous knowledge of modal verbs. Discuss how ‘must’ and ‘have to’ were used in past lessons to express necessity.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking: Analyzing different contexts for using modal verbs.
• Writing skills: Constructing sentences with ‘must’, ‘have to’, and ‘ought to’.
• Communication skills: Using these modal verbs in oral and written forms.

Learning Materials:

• Textbook examples
• Practice worksheets
• Visual aids such as flashcards and charts

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Primary 4 English Language Textbooks

Instructional Materials:

• Worksheets with exercises
• Interactive whiteboard or projector

Content:

Explanation of the Topic:

1. Define Obligations and Modal Verbs:
   • Obligations: Tasks or responsibilities that are required or necessary.
   • Modal Verbs for Obligation:
     • Must: Indicates a strong necessity or requirement (e.g., “We must finish our homework.”)
     • Have to: Similar to ‘must’, used for external requirements (e.g., “I have to go to the dentist.”)
     • Ought to: Suggests a moral obligation or duty (e.g., “You ought to respect your elders.”)
2. Provide Examples and Non-Examples:
   • Example (Must): “We must arrive at school before 9 o’clock.”
   • Non-example: “We can arrive at school after 9 o’clock.” (Incorrect use of ‘must’)
   • Example (Have to): “I have to take the bus to school.”
   • Non-example: “I ought to take the bus to school.” (Incorrect use of ‘ought to’)
   • Example (Ought to): “You ought to help your friend in need.”
   • Non-example: “You must help your friend in need.” (Incorrect context for ‘must’)
3. Illustrate with Visual Aids: Use charts to show the different contexts for ‘must’, ‘have to’, and ‘ought to’.
4. Explain Rules or Structure:
   • Must: Used for strong obligations and rules that are necessary (e.g., “You must wear a uniform.”)
   • Have to: Used for obligations imposed by external factors (e.g., “She has to finish her project.”)
   • Ought to: Used for advice or moral obligations (e.g., “We ought to be honest.”)
5. Offer Practice Sentences: Create sentences using ‘must’, ‘have to’, and ‘ought to’ for practice.

Examples:

1. “We ___ be at school before 9 o’clock.” (must)
2. “I ___ help my parents with chores.” (have to)
3. “You ___ take care of your pets.” (ought to)
4. “She ___ wear a helmet while biking.” (must)
5. “He ___ finish his homework before playing.” (has to)

Evaluation:

1. “We ___ clean our room every Saturday.” a) must b) have to c) ought to d) can
2. “You ___ arrive on time for the exam.” a) ought to b) have to c) must d) might
3. “I ___ go to bed early on school nights.” a) ought to b) must c) can d) should
4. “He ___ wear a seatbelt in the car.” a) must b) ought to c) have to d) might
5. “They ___ follow the school rules.” a) ought to b) can c) have to d) may
6. “We ___ bring our books to class every day.” a) must b) might c) have to d) should
7. “She ___ finish her work before leaving.” a) has to b) must c) ought to d) might
8. “You ___ apologize if you make a mistake.” a) ought to b) can c) must d) may
9. “I ___ help my friend with his homework.” a) might b) ought to c) have to d) should
10. “They ___ stay quiet in the library.” a) must b) might c) ought to d) can
11. “You ___ follow the teacher’s instructions.” a) must b) have to c) ought to d) might
12. “She ___ not forget to bring her lunch.” a) must b) should c) might d) have to
13. “We ___ study for our test this week.” a) have to b) must c) ought to d) can
14. “He ___ visit his grandmother on weekends.” a) ought to b) can c) must d) might
15. “You ___ drink water every day.” a) ought to b) can c) might d) have to

Class Activity Discussion:

1. What does it mean to express an obligation? (Answer: It means to describe something that is required or necessary.)
2. How do you use ‘must’ in a sentence to show strong necessity? (Answer: “We must finish our homework before dinner.”)
3. What is the difference between ‘have to’ and ‘must’? (Answer: ‘Have to’ is used for external obligations, while ‘must’ is used for strong requirements.)
4. Give an example of how ‘ought to’ is used for moral obligations. (Answer: “You ought to help those in need.”)
5. Why do we use ‘must’ for rules? (Answer: ‘Must’ is used to indicate something that is required or compulsory.)
6. How can ‘have to’ be used in a sentence about a school rule? (Answer: “I have to wear a uniform to school.”)
7. What is an example of a sentence using ‘ought to’ for advice? (Answer: “You ought to eat healthy foods.”)
8. How can you describe an obligation using ‘must’ in your daily life? (Answer: “I must do my chores before playing outside.”)
9. Why is it important to understand the use of ‘ought to’? (Answer: It helps to give appropriate advice or express moral duties.)
10. Create a sentence using ‘have to’ for a requirement. (Answer: “We have to submit our assignments by Friday.”)

Presentation:

• Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, which was “Modal Auxiliaries: Further Practices in Excusing, Possibility, Obligation, and Permission.”
• Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic: “Today, we will focus on expressing obligations using ‘must’, ‘have to’, and ‘ought to’. We will learn when and how to use these modal verbs to describe responsibilities and rules.”
• Step 3: The teacher allows the pupils to create and share their own sentences using ‘must’, ‘have to’, and ‘ought to’, providing feedback and corrections as needed.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain the topic with relevant examples and real-life scenarios.
• Conduct group activities and practice exercises.
• Provide feedback and correct misunderstandings.

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in group discussions and create sentences.
• Share examples of obligations using the modal verbs.
• Complete practice exercises and worksheets.

Assessment:

• Observe student participation in activities.
• Review and assess completed worksheets.
• Provide feedback on the correct usage of modal verbs.

Evaluation Questions:

1. How do you use ‘must’ to show strong obligation?
2. What is the difference between ‘have to’ and ‘must’?
3. Create a sentence using ‘ought to’ for advice.
4. How can ‘have to’ be used in a sentence about a school rule?
5. Give an example of ‘must’ used for a rule.
6. What is the function of ‘ought to’ in expressing moral duties?
7. Write a sentence using ‘must’ for a necessary action.
8. How do you use ‘have to’ to describe an external requirement?
9. Create a sentence with ‘ought to’ about helping others.
10. Explain when to use ‘have to’ versus ‘must’.

Conclusion:

• The teacher goes around to mark and assess the pupils’ understanding of the topic. Provide additional support and clarification where necessary.

More Useful Links :

• Expressing Possibility and Permission: Modal Verbs ‘Can’, ‘Could’, ‘May’, and ‘Might’ English Grammar Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5
• Using ‘Should’ and ‘Would’ for Advice and Polite Requests English Grammar Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6
• Mastering Descriptive Writing with Adjectives and Adverbs English Grammar Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 8