Subject: 

MUSIC

Term:

FIRST TERM

Week:

WEEK 4

Class:

SS 1

Topic:

Transcription: Pitch Differentiation

Previous lesson: 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

Transcription: Pitch Differentiation

that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson

Behavioural objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to

• Name the relative minor keys of the following major keys: G major, A major, E flat major, B flat major.
• Using the treble stave, construct the scales of E minor and A minor

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards
• Keyboard

Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

CONTENT:

WEEK 4

SUBJECT: MUSIC

CLASS: SS 1

TOPIC: Scales:

(a) Tonality

(b) Key Signature

(c) Major/ minor relationship (Accidentals).

CONTENT:

1. Tonality

2.  Key Signature

3.  Major/ minor relationship (Accidentals).

Tonality

Tonality in music is the principle of organizing musical compositions around a central note which is the tonic. Tonality is a system/language of music in which specific hierarchical pitch relationships are based on a key “center”—the tonic triad. More specifically, tonality refers to the particular system of relationships between notes, chords, and keys (sets of notes and chords). These relationships are based on the notes of the major and minor scales, which create a tonal hierarchy of pitches from which melodic and harmonic materials can be drawn.

Tonality is often thought of as being defined by two basic principles: 1) the tonic, or “home” note, serves as the starting point for a musical composition; and 2) the music eventually resolves back to the tonic. However, there are other ways of thinking about tonality that are just as valid. For example, some theorists believe that the concept of tonality is best understood as a set of pitch relations rather than as a single note. Others believe that tonality is more accurately seen as a process, rather than as a static structure.

The important thing to remember is that tonality is not an absolute, but rather a relative concept. That is, there is no one correct way to analyze or understand tonality; rather, it is a tool that can be used to help us make sense of the pitch relationships in a piece of music.

Key signature

In musical notation, a key signature is a set of sharp or flat symbols placed together on the staff.

A key signature is a symbol at the beginning of a musical staff that indicates which notes will be sharp or flat for the rest of the piece. Key signatures can be either major or minor, depending on which notes are sharpened or flattened.

Key signatures are symbols that indicate the key of the piece of music and these symbols are sharps and flats. Key signatures are generally written immediately after the clef at the beginning of a line of musical notation.

A key signature designates notes that are to be played higher or lower than the corresponding natural notes and applies through to the end of the piece or up to the next key signature. A sharp symbol on a line or space in the key signature raises the notes on that line or space one semitone above the natural, and a flat lower such notes one semitone.

An accidental is an exception to the key signature, applying only in the measure in which it appears, and the choice of key signature can increase or decrease the need for accidentals. Thus, each key signature has a certain “personality” that can be described in terms of the number and types of accidentals it requires.

There are two types of key signatures: major and minor. A major key signature has sharps or flats on the first, third, fifth, and seventh degrees of the scale, while a minor key signature has sharps or flats on the first, third, fifth, and seventh degrees of the scale. The order of sharps and flats in a key signature is always the same: F-C-G-D-A-E-B.

Major key signatures:

The key of C major has no sharps or flat

The relative minor is a minor third down from the major, regardless of whether it is a flat or a sharp key signature.

Flat key signatures consist of one to seven flats, applied as: BE A D G C F(same as the order of sharps, but reversed.) The mnemonic device is then reversed for use in the flat keys: “Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles’ Father”.

The major scale with one flat is F major. In all other “flat major scales”, the tonic or key note of a piece in a major key is four notes below the last flat, which is the same as the second-to-last flat in the signature.[6] In the major key with four flats (B♭E♭A♭D♭), for example, the penultimate flat is A♭, indicating a key of A♭major.

Major key   Number of flats     Flat notes                              Minor key

C major

0

A minor

F major

1

B♭D minor

B♭major

2

B♭,E♭G minor

E♭major

3

B♭, E♭, A♭C minor

A♭major

4

B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭F minor

D♭major

5

B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭B♭minor

G♭major

6

B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭E♭minor

C♭major

7

B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭A♭minor

y

MAJOR/MINOR RELATIONSHIP

There is no minor scale without relative major and there is no major without its relative minor. Relative minor is built upon the 6th degree (sub-mediant) of its relative major. The relative minor of a major key has the same key signature and starts down a minor third (or equivalently up a major sixth); for example, the relative minor of G major is E minor, the relative minor of C major is A minor, that of G major is E minor, that of F major is D minor, B flat major is G minor, A major is F sharp minor etc. Each relative minor scale has the same key signature with its relative major

Similarly the relative major of a minor key starts up a minor third (or down a major sixth); for example, the relative major of F minor is A♭major.

MAJOR KEYS WITH SHARP

A minor is relative to C major E minor is relative to G major B minor is relative to D major

F sharp minor is relative to A major C sharp minor is relative to E major G sharp minor is relative to B major

D sharp minor is relative to F sharp major MAJOR KEYS WITH FLA

C majorF majo

Minor

r       Bbm

ajor          Eb

major

Ab major Db major

Gb majo

r

Major

A minor D minor       G minor           C minor                    F minor                       Bb minor                         Eb minor

From the above stave, u can see that: F major is related to D minor

B flat major is related to G minor E flat major is related to C minor A flat major is related to F minor

D flat major is related to B flat minor G flat major is related to E flat minor

EVALUATION:

1.     What is the correlation between major and minor scale?

2.     What is the relative minor of F major?

ASSIGNMENT:

1.     Name the relative minor keys of the following major keys: G major, A major, E flat major, B flat major.

2.     Using the treble stave, construct the scales of E minor and A minor.

Ans: 1. The relative minor keys of the following major keys are as follows: G major is relative to E minor, A major is relative to F sharp minor, E flat major is relative to C minor, B flat major is relative to G minor. 2. The scales of E minor and A minor are as follows:

PRESENTATION:

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

CONCLUSION:

The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out short notes to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she makes the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.