Cadences: (a) Close and open scores (b) Four Part Harmony

Subject: 

MUSIC

Term:

FIRST TERM

Week:

WEEK 5

Class:

SS 1

Topic:

Cadences: (a) Close and open scores (b) Four Part Harmony

Previous lesson: 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

Scales: (a) Tonality (b) Key Signature (c) Major/ minor relationship (Accidentals)

that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson

Behavioural objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to

• Define the term cadence.
• What is another word for imperfect cadence?
• Identify the following cadence

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards
• Keyboard

Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

CONTENT:

1. Definition of Cadence

2. Types of Cadence

A cadence is a musical formula that conveys a feeling of repose (rest) at the end of a phrase or a composition. Such things not only sound complete in a purely musical sense but also, because of their familiarity, lead the listener to expect a temporary or permanent stopping point.

A cadence is the name given to the last melody notes and chords of every phrase. The phrase cadence is most often used by musicians to talk about the end of a section of music, or the end of a whole piece.

Cadences are usually divided into two categories: authentic and plagal.

An authentic cadence (also perfect or full) occurs when the V chord is followed by the I chord in root position. A perfect authentic cadence has the V chord in root position, and the I chord in either first or root inversion.

A plagal cadence (also called “authentic” or “imperfect”) occurs when the IV chord is followed by the I chord. A perfect plagal cadence has both chords in root position.

A cadence is an ending or resting point that usually comes at the end of a phrase, and usually consists of two or more chords.

A cadence is the completion of a phrase, sentence, or musical idea.

Cadences separate ideas in music just as commas and full stops separate ideas in language. i.e they are the musical equivalent of punctuation in speech or writing. Cadences are to music, as punctuation is to language.

They are shown by special chords so arranged as to give a logical end to a phrase or a sentence of music and thus help to bring out the meaning of the music.

There are four main types of cadences:

1. perfect cadence

2. Imperfect cadence

3.  Plagal cadence

4.  Interrupted cadence

A perfect cadence is a very strong ending to a phrase, and usually consists of the chords V-I. This type of cadence is also known as a “authentic” or “consonant” cadence.

An imperfect cadence is not as strong as a perfect cadence, and usually consists of the chords V-ii or V-iii. This type of cadence is also known as an “inauthentic” or “dissonant” cadence.

A plagal cadence is a weaker ending to a phrase, and usually consists of the chords IV-I. This type of cadence is also known as an “authentic” or “consonant” cadence.

An interrupted cadence is an unfinished sounding cadence, and usually consists of the chords V-vi. This type of cadence is also known as an “inauthentic” or “dissonant” cadence.

EVALUATION

1. What is the name given to the last melody notes and chords of every phrase?

A. Chorus

B. Verse

C. Cadence

D. Refrain

2. What type of cadence occurs when the V chord is followed by the I chord in root position?

A. Authentic cadence

B. Plagal cadence

C. Interrupted cadence

D. Perfect authentic cadence

3. What type of cadence occurs when the IV chord is followed by the I chord?

A. Authentic cadence

B. Plagal cadence

C. Imperfect cadence

D. Perfect plagal cadence

4. What type of cadence is an unfinished sounding cadence?

A. Authentic cadence

B. Plagal cadence

C. Imperfect cadence

D. Interrupted cadence

5. What type of cadence is a very strong ending to a phrase?

A. Authentic cadence

B. Plagal cadence

C. Imperfect cadence

D. Perfect authentic cadence

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. A musical ladder of sounds that is arranged in organized manner is called A sound B cadence C scale D semitone

2. All major keys with sharps operate in cycle of A 3rd B 1st C 7th D 5th

3. All major keys that operate in cycle of 4th is known as A sharp series keys B flat series keys C sharp and flat keys D Key C major

4. is a scale which has its tonic on 6th degree of a major scale. A C major B Minor scale C Major scale D Ionian scale

5. One of the features of diatonic minor scale is that it operates in A Maj 7th B min 2nd C perf 4th D min 3rd

6. The note which is one semitone lower than the first degree of a major scale is called A Tonic B minor C Dominant D Subdominant

7. The note which comes before the last note of a major scale is known as A Tonic B minor C Dominant D Subdominant

8. The last note of a major scale is also called A Tonic B minor C Dominant D Subdominant

9. The second degree of a major scale is always considered as A Tonic B minor C Dominant D Subdominant

10. melodic minor scale is different from natural minor in that its A 3rd, 6th and 7th degrees are raised by a semitone when ascending the scale, but return to their original form when descending. B 1st, 4th and 5th degrees are raised by a semitone when ascending the scale, but return to their original form when descending. C 2nd degree is raised by a semitone when ascending the scale, but return to its original form when descending. D None of the above

11. The distance between two scale degrees is called A Tonic B minor C Dominant D Interval

12. The major 3rd interval is also called A Augmented 2nd B perfect 5th C major 2nd D minor 3rd

13. The major 6th interval is also called A Augmented 2nd B perfect 5th C major 2nd D minor 3rd

14. The major 7th interval is also called A Augmented 2nd B perfect 5th C major 2nd D minor 3rd

15. The interval is also called A Augmented 2nd B perfect 5th C major 2nd D minor 3rd

16. The note which comes after the last note of a major scale is known as A Tonic B leading tone C submediant D supertonic

17. The quality of an interval is determined by A the number of semitones between the two scale degrees. B the note which is lower in pitch. C the note which is higher in pitch. D all of the above

18. The interval is also called A diminished 2nd B perfect 4th C diminished 3rd D major 2nd

19. The interval is also called A diminished 2nd B perfect 4th C diminished 3rd D major 2nd

20. The interval is also called A diminished 2nd B perfect 4th C diminished 3rd D major 2nd

PRESENTATION:

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

CONCLUSION:

The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out short notes to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she makes the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.