PROCESS OF CROP IMPROVEMENT

Subject:

Agricultural Science

Class:

SS 2

Term:

THIRD Term / 3RD Term

Week:

Week 4

Topic:

PROCESS OF CROP IMPROVEMENT

Previous Knowledge: The pupils have previous knowledge of

   CROP IMPROVEMENT

that was taught in their previous lesson.

Behavioural  Objectives : At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to

• Say the meaning of crop improvement
• Highlight the process of crop improvement
• Write out the various methods of crop improvement
• List the advantages of crop improvement
• Explain the processes of crop improvement
• Give disadvantages of crop improvement

Instructional Materials 

• Wall charts
• Online Resource
• Textbooks
• Laptop
• Crop samples
• Pictures that are related to the subject matter
• Flash cards
• www.edudelighttutors.com

Methods of Teaching 

• Role modelling
• Questions and Answers
• Explanation
• Discussion
• Recitation
• Imitation
• Story Telling
• Dramatization

WEEK FOUR 

TOPIC: :

PROCESS OF CROP IMPROVEMENT

These includes; introduction, selection and breeding of hybridization.

1. INTRODUCTION: This involves the importation or introduction of some varieties of crops with desirable characteristics into areas where they have not existed before.

ADVANTAGES

1. It helps in bringing a new variety to a new areas
2. It may enhance greater productivity
3. It may perform better if there is a better climate condition
4. The past of the crop of the crops is usually absent in the new area

DISADVANTAGES

1. There is possibility of introducing a new diseases
2. The crop may not be able to adapt to climatic condition of the new environment
3. It may introduce now pests to the new environment
4. It may not be able to adapt to the soil condition of the area

1. SELECTION: This involves the picking of crops with desirable characteristics which are most favored by the environment. Selection could be natural or artificial.

Natural selection involves the ability of a crop to survive wide range of environmental conditions and still remain standing.

Artificial selection involves use of man’s intelligence to retain crops with desired traits on the farm. 

Methods of artificial selection includes;

1. Mass Selection: Crops with desirable characteristics are selected among others.
2. Pure line Selection: Only one crop plant with good characteristics is selected
3. Pedigree Selection: Crop plants are selected based on the performance of their ancestors  
4. Progeny Selection: Crop plants are selected based on the performance of their offsprings

ADVANTAGES OF SELECTION

1. It ensures that only the best naturally available crop is grown
2. Crops with desired qualities are selected
3. Seeds from the best stands are multiplied for distribution
4. It reduces the spread of diseases and pests

DISADVANTAGES OF SELECTION

1. Selection is tedious and time consuming
2. It is very expensive in term of time and money
3. It requires expertise
4. It causes elimination of some desirable traits of the parent stick

1. BREEDING OR HYBRIDIZATION: is a method by which an offspring is produced through the crossing of two different plant varieties of the same spices

TYPES OF BREEDING

1. Inbreeding: This is the pollination and fertilization of closely related crop plants. This can lead to pure breed or pure line 
2. Pure line: It is obtained when a plant is being self-fertilized or crossed continuously with a closely related species for many generations so that the desirable qualities it possess does not change from one generation to another.
3. Cross Breeding: This is the pollination and fertilization of unrelated crop plants belonging to different breeds. This results in production of hybrids

ADVANTAGES OF BREEDING

1. It can produce a superior offspring resulting in hybrid vigor or heterosis
2. Progeny grow more rapidly in cross breeding 
3. Offsprings can withstand the variation of environment 

DISADVANTAGES OF BREEDING

1. Inbreeding leads to depressing or loss in vigor and performance of offspring.
2. There is drop in production of the crops in quantity and quality in inbreeding
3. It may leads to poor or low resistance to disease attacks in inbreeding

METHODS OF IMPROVING CROP PRODUCTIVITY

1. By crop improvement (Introduction, selection and breeding)
2. Planting at the proper time
3. Adoption of better cultivation methods
4. Use of manures and fertilizers
5. Control of pests of crops
6. Control of diseases of crops
7. Use of Resistant varieties
8. Use of good crop varieties

Presentation : 

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1: The class teacher revises the old topic

Step 2: The class teacher introduces the new topic

Step 3: The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and gives room for pupils” participation

Class Teacher and Pupils Activities. Interaction or Participation 

This involves class teacher and pupils’ interaction, conversation, imitation or modeling through discussion, play method or just by recitation or asking and answering questions that are related to the topic that has just been taught.

EVALUATION 

1. State the Mendelian laws
2. What is crop improvement
3. List three aims of crop improvement
4. State two advantages of breeding
5. State two methods of improving crop productivity

Conclusion : 

The class teacher concludes the lesson by giving the pupils some notes on the topic that has just been taught. He goes round to mark and he does the necessary corrections.