Conjunctions: Connecting Ideas in Sentences English Grammar JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9
Subject: English Grammar
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 9
Topic: Conjunctions
Sub-topic: Definition, Identification, Types, and Functions
Duration: 40 minutes
Age: 12–13 years
Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define conjunctions.
- Identify conjunctions in sentences.
- Differentiate between subordinating and coordinating conjunctions.
- Use conjunctions correctly in sentences.
Keywords:
- Conjunctions
- Subordinating
- Coordinating
- Sentences
- Connecting Words
Set Induction:
Begin by asking students how they combine two or more ideas in writing or speaking. Lead them to the use of conjunctions.
Entry Behaviour:
Students should have basic knowledge of simple sentence structure.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Sample sentences
- Flashcards with conjunctions
- Whiteboard and markers
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Students have learned about sentence construction and should now expand their understanding to how conjunctions connect ideas.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Critical thinking
- Sentence structure
- Speaking and writing skills
Learning Materials:
- Sentences showing conjunction usage
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
Instructional Materials:
- Flashcards
- Sentence examples
- Whiteboard and markers
Content:
Definition of Conjunctions:
A conjunction is a word used to join words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence. Conjunctions help create smoother sentences by connecting ideas logically.
Types of Conjunctions:
- Coordinating Conjunctions:
- These conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank (i.e., independent clauses).
- Examples: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet
Examples in Sentences:
- I want to eat but I am not hungry.
- She bought apples and oranges.
- We can watch a movie or go out for dinner.
- Subordinating Conjunctions:
- These conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and show the relationship between the dependent clause and the independent clause.
- Examples: because, although, since, if, when, while, though
Examples in Sentences:
- I stayed home because it was raining.
- Although she was tired, she finished her homework.
- You can go out if you finish your chores.
Functions of Conjunctions:
- Coordinating Conjunctions: Join two clauses or ideas that are of equal importance.
- Subordinating Conjunctions: Connect a dependent clause to an independent clause, showing a relationship such as cause, time, or condition.
Presentation:
- Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic on prepositions.
- Teacher’s Activities: Review the meaning and types of prepositions.
- Learners’ Activities: Recall examples and sentences with prepositions.
- Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic, conjunctions.
- Teacher’s Activities: Explain the meaning and types of conjunctions with examples.
- Learners’ Activities: Listen and ask questions for better understanding.
- Step 3: The teacher allows the students to give their own examples of conjunctions.
- Teacher’s Activities: Guide students in identifying conjunctions in sentences.
- Learners’ Activities: Practice forming sentences with conjunctions and participate in activities.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Define and explain conjunctions.
- Demonstrate the use of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in sentences.
- Provide sentence examples for students to analyze.
Learners’ Activities:
- Identify conjunctions in sentences.
- Create their own sentences using coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.
- Participate in class discussions on conjunction usage.
Evaluation:
15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Evaluation):
- I wanted to go out, _____ it started raining.
a) but b) and c) because d) if - She is very tired, _____ she will finish her work.
a) so b) but c) or d) when - He didn’t go to school _____ he was sick.
a) because b) or c) and d) but - You can have tea _____ coffee.
a) or b) and c) for d) nor - I will visit you _____ I have time.
a) if b) and c) for d) but - She laughed _____ she was happy.
a) because b) if c) or d) but - We are going to the market, _____ we will buy some fruits.
a) and b) but c) so d) or - He is poor, _____ he is honest.
a) but b) so c) and d) for - We didn’t win the game, _____ we tried our best.
a) but b) because c) so d) if - She sings _____ she is in a good mood.
a) when b) or c) and d) nor - I waited for him _____ he didn’t show up.
a) but b) or c) because d) so - You must practice regularly _____ you want to improve.
a) if b) or c) and d) but - She was excited _____ she had won the prize.
a) because b) and c) but d) if - He went out _____ it was snowing.
a) although b) and c) or d) because - They took an umbrella, _____ it was raining.
a) because b) but c) so d) for
Class Activity Discussion (15 FAQs):
- What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word used to connect words, phrases, or clauses. - What are the types of conjunctions?
Coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. - What is the function of a coordinating conjunction?
It connects words or clauses of equal importance. - What is the function of a subordinating conjunction?
It connects a dependent clause to an independent clause. - Give an example of a coordinating conjunction.
“And” is a coordinating conjunction. - Give an example of a subordinating conjunction.
“Because” is a subordinating conjunction. - How do conjunctions improve sentence structure?
They help combine ideas smoothly. - Why are conjunctions important in writing?
They make sentences clearer and less repetitive. - What is the difference between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions?
Coordinating conjunctions join equal ideas, while subordinating ones connect dependent ideas to main ones. - What is the conjunction in this sentence: “She ate and drank.”?
“And” is the conjunction. - Can you start a sentence with a conjunction?
Yes, especially with subordinating conjunctions like “Because” or “Although”. - What is the conjunction in this sentence: “He stayed home because it was raining.”?
“Because” is the conjunction. - Why do we need subordinating conjunctions?
To show relationships like time, cause, or condition between clauses. - What are some common coordinating conjunctions?
And, but, or, nor, for, so, yet. - What are some common subordinating conjunctions?
Because, if, when, although, since.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is a conjunction?
- Give two examples of coordinating conjunctions.
- Give two examples of subordinating conjunctions.
- What is the function of a coordinating conjunction?
- What is the function of a subordinating conjunction?
- Use “but” in a sentence.
- Use “because” in a sentence.
- What is the difference between “and” and “if”?
- Identify the conjunction in this sentence: “I will come if you call me.”
- How does a subordinating conjunction connect ideas?
Conclusion:
The teacher goes around to check students’ work, corrects errors, and clarifies any confusion on the use of conjunctions.
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