Understanding Fractions: Equivalent Fractions and Problem Solving Mathematics JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5

Subject: Mathematics
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 5
Age: 12 years
Topic: Fractions
Sub-topic: Equivalent Fractions, Concept of Equivalent Fractions in Sharing Commodities, Problem Solving in Quantitative Aptitude
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify equivalent fractions.
2. Solve problems involving equivalent fractions.
3. Apply the concept of equivalent fractions in sharing commodities.
4. Solve quantitative aptitude problems related to fractions.

Keywords

Equivalent fractions, Simplification, Sharing, Quantitative Aptitude, Numerator, Denominator

Set Induction

Begin by discussing how we divide objects into equal parts in daily life, such as cutting a pizza into slices.

Entry Behaviour

Students should be familiar with basic fraction concepts like numerator and denominator.

Learning Resources and Materials

1. Fraction charts
2. Whiteboard and markers
3. Fraction worksheets
4. Counters or blocks for visual aids

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

Students should recall how fractions represent parts of a whole and basic fraction operations.

Embedded Core Skills

1. Problem-solving
2. Critical thinking
3. Mathematical reasoning

Content

1. Equivalent Fractions: Fractions that represent the same value. They can be obtained by multiplying or dividing both the numerator and denominator by the same number.
   • Example: 1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6
2. Multiplication for Equivalent Fractions:
   • Example: 1/2 x 2/2 = 2/4
3. Division for Equivalent Fractions:
   • Example: 6/8 ÷ 2/2 = 3/4
4. Simplification: Reducing fractions by dividing the numerator and denominator by their greatest common divisor.
   • Example: 8/12 = 2/3
5. Sharing Commodities:
   • Example: If 5 out of 18 notebooks are given away, the fraction left is 13/18.
6. Quantitative Aptitude Problems:
   • Example: If a market woman sells 2/3 of 90 yams, she sells 60 yams.

Evaluation

1. Find the missing numbers:
   • 3/4 = 6/8 = 15/A = 24/B = C/28 = D/100 = E/24
   • 1/5 = 10/50 = 100/? = 4/?
2. Find the missing numbers:
   • i. 3/8 = ?/48
   • ii. 5/9 = ?/36
   • iii. 5/6 = 20/?

Class Activity Discussion

1. What are equivalent fractions?
   • Fractions that have the same value even though they look different.
2. How can you find equivalent fractions using multiplication?
   • By multiplying the numerator and denominator by the same number.
3. How do you simplify a fraction?
   • By dividing both the numerator and denominator by their greatest common divisor.
4. If you share 18 notebooks and give away 6, what fraction is left?
   • 12/18, which simplifies to 2/3.
5. How do you solve quantitative aptitude problems with fractions?
   • By using multiplication or division to find the missing values.
6. What is the fraction of 60 days in 3 months?
   • 60 days out of 90 days is 2/3.
7. If a pizza is cut into 8 slices and 3 are eaten, what fraction is left?
   • 5/8.
8. How do you apply fractions in real-life situations?
   • In sharing objects or solving problems involving parts of a whole.
9. Why is it important to understand equivalent fractions?
   • To solve problems more effectively and simplify fractions.
10. What is the equivalent fraction of 1/2 if both the numerator and denominator are doubled?
    • 2/4.
11. How do you convert fractions to percentages?
    • By multiplying the fraction by 100.
12. What fraction represents 1/3 of 60?
    • 20.
13. How do you find the fraction of a number given a total?
    • By multiplying the fraction by the total number.
14. What is the simplest form of 12/16?
    • 3/4.
15. How do you compare fractions?
    • By converting them to a common denominator or using equivalent fractions.

Presentation

1. Step 1: Review the previous topic on basic fractions.
2. Step 2: Introduce the concept of equivalent fractions and their applications.
3. Step 3: Engage students by allowing them to solve fraction problems and discuss their solutions.

Teacher’s Activities

1. Explain equivalent fractions using examples.
2. Demonstrate how to solve fraction problems.
3. Guide students in solving practice problems.

Learners’ Activities

1. Participate in discussions.
2. Solve fraction problems individually and in groups.
3. Share their answers and explain their reasoning.

Assessment

1. Evaluate students’ understanding through exercises and discussions.
2. Review their problem-solving approaches and answers.

Evaluation Questions

1. What is an equivalent fraction of 1/4?
2. How do you simplify the fraction 8/12?
3. What fraction of 30 is 10?
4. Find the missing number if 2/5 = ?/20.
5. What fraction is equivalent to 3/9?
6. How do you convert 3/4 to a percentage?
7. What fraction represents 4 out of 16?
8. Simplify 15/25.
9. What fraction of 50 is 10?
10. Find the missing number if 7/14 = ?/28.

Conclusion

The teacher will go around to mark students’ work and provide feedback to ensure they understand equivalent fractions and their applications.