Review and Revision Test Agricultural Science Primary 5 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 1

Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: Primary 5
Term: Third Term
Week: 1
Topic: Weeds, Pests, and Diseases of Crop Plants
Sub-topic: Understanding the impact of weeds, pests, and diseases on crop plants
Duration: 45 minutes
Behavioural Objectives:

• Students will define weeds, pests, and diseases of crop plants.
• Students will explain the effects of weeds, pests, and diseases on crop plants.
• Students will identify methods for controlling weeds, pests, and diseases.
• Students will understand the importance of managing weeds, pests, and diseases in agriculture.

Key Vocabulary Words:

• Weeds
• Pests
• Diseases
• Control
• Importance
• Crop plants
• Classification
• Damage

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Agricultural Science textbook
• Pictures of weeds, pests, and crop diseases
• Whiteboard and markers
• Handouts with review questions

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Any other relevant agricultural science textbook

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Review previous lessons on plant growth and cultivation. Discuss how plants can be affected by pests, diseases, and weeds.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Observation
• Critical thinking
• Problem-solving

Content:

Review and Welcome Test 

• Weeds:
  • Definition: Weeds are unwanted plants growing alongside crops 🌿.
  • Example: Grasses like Johnson grass and broadleaf weeds like pigweed.
• Effects of Weeds to Farmers:
  • Competition: Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight ☀️.
  • Reduced yield: Weeds can reduce crop yield by shading crops and stunting growth.
• Control of Weeds:
  • Manual weeding: Removing weeds by hand or with tools like hoes and machetes 🔧.
  • Chemical control: Using herbicides to kill weeds selectively.
• Importance of Weeds:
  • Soil protection: Some weeds help prevent soil erosion by covering the ground 🌱.
  • Wildlife habitat: Weeds provide food and shelter for wildlife 🐦.
• Pests and Diseases of Crop Plants:
  • Classification of Pests:
    • Insects: Aphids, caterpillars.
    • Diseases: Fungal infections like powdery mildew.
  • Damages caused by Pests:
    • Yield loss: Pests eat crops, reducing harvests 🌾.
    • Quality reduction: Pests can spoil crops, making them unfit for sale.

Evaluation

1. Weeds are __________ plants growing alongside crops. a) harmful b) helpful c) tall d) colorful
2. Weeds compete with crops for __________, water, and sunlight. a) nutrients b) money c) toys d) friends
3. Farmers control weeds by using tools like hoes and __________. a) shovels b) pencils c) phones d) machetes
4. Chemical control of weeds involves using __________ to kill weeds selectively. a) fertilizers b) herbicides c) pesticides d) seeds
5. Weeds provide __________ for wildlife. a) food and shelter b) water and toys c) books and pens d) cars and houses
6. Pests of crop plants include insects like __________ and caterpillars. a) birds b) fish c) aphids d) snakes
7. Diseases of crop plants are caused by __________ infections. a) bacterial b) fungal c) viral d) mechanical
8. Pests can cause __________ loss by eating crops. a) yield b) weight c) height d) color
9. Quality reduction occurs when pests spoil crops, making them unfit for __________. a) eating b) selling c) planting d) storing
10. Weeds protect the soil from __________ by covering the ground. a) erosion b) evaporation c) growth d) flooding
11. Insects like aphids and caterpillars are examples of crop plant __________. a) friends b) pests c) helpers d) protectors
12. Some weeds provide __________ for wildlife. a) food and shelter b) money and toys c) cars and houses d) books and pens
13. Farmers control weeds by removing them __________. a) manually b) chemically c) electronically d) magnetically
14. Chemical control of weeds involves using __________ to kill weeds. a) herbicides b) fertilizers c) insecticides d) fungicides
15. Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and __________. a) sunlight b) air c) soil d) rocks

Class Activity Discussion 

1. What are weeds? Weeds are unwanted plants that grow alongside crops.
2. Why are weeds harmful to farmers? Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight, reducing crop yield.
3. How do farmers control weeds? Farmers control weeds by using tools like hoes and by applying herbicides.
4. What is the importance of weeds? Weeds provide food and shelter for wildlife, contributing to biodiversity.
5. What are pests of crop plants? Pests of crop plants include insects like aphids and caterpillars.
6. How are pests classified? Pests are classified based on the type of damage they cause to crops.
7. What damages do pests cause to crops? Pests can cause yield loss by eating crops and reducing their quality.
8. How do weeds affect crop growth? Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight, hindering their growth.
9. What are some examples of crop diseases? Crop diseases include bacterial, fungal, and viral infections that affect plants.
10. How do farmers control crop diseases? Farmers control crop diseases by using fungicides and practicing crop rotation.
11. What damages do pests cause to crops? Pests can cause yield loss by eating crops and reducing their quality.
12. How are weeds and crops different? Weeds are unwanted plants that grow alongside crops, competing with them for resources.
13. What tools do farmers use to control weeds? Farmers use tools like hoes and machetes to manually remove weeds.
14. How do weeds affect soil health? Weeds protect the soil from erosion and help maintain soil fertility.
15. What is the importance of controlling pests? Controlling pests helps farmers protect their crops and increase yield.

Presentation

1. Introduction (5 minutes):
   • Briefly review previous lessons on plant cultivation.
   • Introduce the new topic: weeds, pests, and diseases of crop plants.
2. Definition and Explanation (10 minutes):
   • Define weeds, pests, and diseases of crop plants.
   • Explain the effects of weeds, pests, and diseases on crop plants.
3. Identification and Classification (10 minutes):
   • Discuss methods for identifying weeds, pests, and diseases.
   • Classify pests based on the type of damage they cause.
4. Control Measures (10 minutes):
   • Outline methods for controlling weeds, pests, and diseases.
   • Emphasize the importance of preventive measures.
5. Importance of Management (5 minutes):
   • Discuss the importance of managing weeds, pests, and diseases in agriculture.
   • Highlight the impact of effective management on crop yield and quality.
6. Teacher’s Activities:
   • Facilitate discussions
   • Provide examples and illustrations
   • Encourage student participation
7. Learners’ Activities:
   • Listen attentively
   • Ask questions
   • Participate in discussions
8. Assessment:
   • Ask review questions to assess understanding.
   • Assign homework to reinforce learning.
9. Ten Evaluation Questions Related to the Topic:
   1. What is a weed?
   2. How do weeds affect crop plants?
   3. Name two methods for controlling weeds.
   4. Define pests of crop plants.
   5. How are pests classified?
   6. What damages do pests cause to crops?
   7. Explain how diseases affect crop plants.
   8. What are some methods for controlling crop diseases?
   9. Why is it important to manage weeds, pests, and diseases in agriculture?
   10. How can farmers prevent pest infestations in their crops?
10. Conclusion (5 minutes):
    • Summarize the key points of the lesson.
    • Assign homework and review questions for the next class.

This lesson plan aims to engage students in active learning while providing them with a comprehensive understanding of the impact of weeds, pests, and diseases on crop plants, as well as strategies for their management