Understanding and Solving Problems on Area and Number Ordering Mathematics Primary 2 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 9

Learn to solve area problems with different shapes, order numbers, count by intervals, and use standard measuring units with this easy guide for students. Discover practical examples and tips to master these topics.

Subject: Mathematics

Class: Primary 2

Term: Third Term

Week: 9

Topic: Area of shapes and solving real-life problems

Sub-topic: Identifying and calculating areas of different shapes, using standard measuring units

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives:

• Pupils should be able to identify and calculate the area of shapes like squares, rectangles, and triangles.
• Pupils should be able to solve real-life problems involving area.
• Pupils should be able to use standard measuring units accurately.

Key Words: Area, square, rectangle, triangle, standard measuring units

Entry Behavior:

• Pupils should have an understanding of basic shapes and how to measure length.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Shapes (square, rectangle, triangle) drawn on paper
• Ruler
• Pencils
• A4 paper
• Measuring tape
• Posters and visuals showing shapes

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Begin by asking the pupils to recall different shapes they have learned about.
• Ask them how they would measure the length of one side of a square.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Problem-solving
• Critical thinking
• Measurement

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work

Instructional Materials:

• Drawings of shapes (square, rectangle, triangle)
• Measurement tools like a ruler and measuring tape
• Pictorial charts showing examples of area in real-life contexts (e.g., floor tiles, carpet size)

Content:

• Understanding the area of shapes such as squares, rectangles, and triangles.
• Learning how to calculate area using simple formulas.

Identifying and Ordering Numbers:

1. Identify numbers from 1-300, 301-600:
   • This is knowing the numbers from 1 to 300 and then from 301 to 600.
   • Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,… (up to 300); 301, 302, 303,… (up to 600).
2. Order numbers from 1-300, 301-600:
   • This is arranging the numbers in sequence from the smallest to the largest.
   • Example: Ordering numbers from 1 to 10: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

Counting and Skip Counting:

3. Count from 1-600:
   • Counting from 1 all the way to 600.
   • Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,… (up to 600).
4. Skip count in 2s, 3s, 5s, and 10s:
   • Counting numbers by skipping some:
     • In 2s: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,…
     • In 3s: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15,…
     • In 5s: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,…
     • In 10s: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,…

Writing Numbers:

5. Write numbers 500-600 in numerals and words:
   • Writing numbers using both numerals and words.
   • Example:
     • Numerals: 500, 501, 502,…, 600.
     • Words: Five hundred, five hundred one, five hundred two,…, six hundred.

Area of a Shape:

6. Use pictorial illustration to explain the area of a shape:
   • Area is the space inside a shape.
   • Example: Show a picture of a square and explain that the area is how much space is inside the square.

Standard Measuring Units:

7. Identify the use of standard measuring units:
   • Standard measuring units help us measure things accurately, like meters or centimeters.
   • Example: We use meters to measure lengths and square meters to measure areas.

Calculating the Area of Shapes:

8. Calculate the area of different shapes – square, rectangle, and triangle:
   • Square: Area = side × side.
   • Rectangle: Area = length × width.
   • Triangle: Area = (base × height) / 2.
   • Example: For a square with a side of 4 meters, the area is 4 × 4 = 16 square meters.

Comparing Areas:

9. Compare areas of different concrete objects such as squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles:
   • Look at different shapes and compare their areas.
   • Example: A square with an area of 16 square meters and a circle with an area of 12 square meters. The square has a larger area.

Solving Real-Life Problems:

10. Solve real-life problems on area:
    • Use what you’ve learned about area to solve everyday problems.
    • Example: If you want to put a carpet in a room, you need to calculate the area of the room to know how much carpet to buy.

1. What numbers should we identify from 1-300 and 301-600?
   • You should be able to recognize and say the numbers from 1 to 300 and from 301 to 600.
2. How do we order numbers from 1-300 and 301-600?
   • You arrange the numbers in order from the smallest to the largest. For example, 1, 2, 3,…, 300 and 301, 302,…, 600.
3. How do we count from 1-600?
   • Start from 1 and count all the way up to 600.
4. How do we skip count in 2s, 3s, 5s, and 10s?
   • Skip count means to jump numbers. For 2s: 2, 4, 6, 8,… For 3s: 3, 6, 9,… For 5s: 5, 10, 15,… For 10s: 10, 20, 30,…
5. How do we write numbers 500-600 in numerals and words?
   • Numerals: 500, 501, 502,…, 600.
   • Words: Five hundred, five hundred one,…, six hundred.
6. What is the area of a shape?
   • Area is the space inside a shape.
7. Can you give an example of pictorial illustration for area?
   • Yes! Draw a square on the board and explain the area is how much space is inside the square.
8. What are standard measuring units?
   • Standard measuring units help us measure things, such as meters for length or square meters for area.
9. How do we calculate the area of a square?
   • Multiply the length of one side by itself. For example, if the side is 3 meters, the area is 3 x 3 = 9 square meters.
10. How do we calculate the area of a rectangle?
    • Multiply the length by the width. For example, if the length is 4 meters and the width is 3 meters, the area is 4 x 3 = 12 square meters.
11. How do we calculate the area of a triangle?
    • Multiply the base and the height, then divide by 2. For example, if the base is 4 meters and the height is 3 meters, the area is (4 x 3) / 2 = 6 square meters.
12. How do we compare areas of different shapes?
    • Compare the areas by looking at how much space each shape takes up. For example, a square with 9 square meters and a circle with 7 square meters.
13. How do we solve real-life problems using area?
    • Use area to find out how much space is needed. For example, if you want to paint a wall, you calculate the area to know how much paint you need.
14. How can we use area to solve problems?
    • When you know the area, you can solve problems like how much fabric you need for a curtain or how many tiles you need for a floor.
15. What shapes have we learned to calculate the area of?
    • We have learned to calculate the area of squares, rectangles, and triangles.

1. Identify numbers:
   • Fill in the blank: Numbers from ____ to 300 are called a range.
     • a) 200
     • b) 1
     • c) 50
     • d) 100
2. Order numbers:
   • Fill in the blank: When we order numbers, we arrange them from _____ to largest.
     • a) smallest
     • b) highest
     • c) most
     • d) lowest
3. Counting numbers:
   • Fill in the blank: Skip counting by 2s starts with 2, 4, 6, and continues with ____.
     • a) 10
     • b) 8
     • c) 5
     • d) 3
4. Skip count in 3s:
   • Fill in the blank: Skip counting by 3s starts with 3, 6, 9, and continues with ____.
     • a) 15
     • b) 12
     • c) 10
     • d) 11
5. Skip count in 5s:
   • Fill in the blank: Skip counting by 5s starts with 5, 10, 15, and continues with ____.
     • a) 25
     • b) 20
     • c) 30
     • d) 35
6. Skip count in 10s:
   • Fill in the blank: Skip counting by 10s starts with 10, 20, 30, and continues with ____.
     • a) 50
     • b) 45
     • c) 40
     • d) 35
7. Writing numbers:
   • Fill in the blank: The number 500 is written in words as ____.
     • a) Five hundred
     • b) Fifty
     • c) Five
     • d) Five thousands
8. Writing numbers:
   • Fill in the blank: The number 600 is written in words as ____.
     • a) Six hundred
     • b) Sixty
     • c) Six
     • d) Six thousand
9. Pictorial illustration:
   • Fill in the blank: Pictorial illustration of area of a shape can be shown as a ____.
     • a) drawing
     • b) calculation
     • c) story
     • d) map
10. Standard measuring units:
    • Fill in the blank: Standard measuring units help us measure things accurately, like ____ for length.
      • a) meters
      • b) inches
      • c) feet
      • d) centimeters
11. Calculate area of square:
    • Fill in the blank: The formula to calculate the area of a square is side times ____.
      • a) side
      • b) base
      • c) height
      • d) width
12. Calculate area of rectangle:
    • Fill in the blank: The formula to calculate the area of a rectangle is length times ____.
      • a) width
      • b) height
      • c) base
      • d) diagonal
13. Calculate area of triangle:
    • Fill in the blank: The formula to calculate the area of a triangle is base times height divided by ____.
      • a) 2
      • b) 3
      • c) 4
      • d) 5
14. Compare areas of shapes:
    • Fill in the blank: A circle and a square have different ____.
      • a) areas
      • b) lines
      • c) shapes
      • d) colors
15. Real-life problems on area:
    • Fill in the blank: Area can help you find how much ____ you need to cover the floor.
      • a) tiles
      • b) wood
      • c) cement
      • d) sand

Presentation:

• Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic on shapes and measurements. Ask the pupils questions about shapes and measuring lengths. Exploring Two-Dimensional Shapes and Numbers in Primary 2 Mathematics Third Term Lesson Notes Week 8
• Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic of calculating the area of different shapes. Explain what area is and give examples.
• Step 3: The teacher allows the pupils to practice calculating the area of different shapes using the given formulas. Provide them with different shapes to calculate.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain the topic clearly with examples and visuals.
• Guide the pupils in calculating the area of different shapes.
• Ask questions to check understanding and clarify any doubts.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen to the teacher’s explanations and observe the visuals.
• Practice calculating the area of different shapes using the formulas provided.
• Answer questions and participate in discussions.

Assessment:

• Provide the pupils with worksheets that include different shapes.
• Ask them to calculate the area of the shapes.
• Observe their work and provide feedback.

Evaluation Questions:

1. Calculate the area of a square with a side length of 4 units.
2. Calculate the area of a rectangle with a length of 5 units and width of 3 units.
3. Calculate the area of a triangle with a base of 6 units and height of 3 units.
4. What is the formula for calculating the area of a square?
5. What is the formula for calculating the area of a rectangle?
6. How do you calculate the area of a triangle?
7. Name a real-life example where you would need to calculate the area.
8. Solve: If a room is 10 units long and 8 units wide, what is the area?
9. Why is it important to know how to calculate the area?
10. How do you use a ruler to measure the side of a shape?

Conclusion:

• The teacher goes around the classroom to check pupils’ work.
• Provide feedback and correct any errors.
• Encourage the pupils to practice more problems at home.
• Summarize the lesson by reminding pupils how to calculate the area and its importance in real life.