PRIMARY 4 FIRST TERM LESSON NOTES SOCIAL STUDIES
SOCIAL STUDIES
PRIMARY 4
FIRST TERM
WKS TOPICS
- Living in the family
- Relationship of some members of the family.
- Marriage
- Marriage problems and solution
- Our culture and Element of culture
- Culture
- Culture
– Ways of cultural preservation e.g. museum,
Symbols, building, dressing, festivals.
– Some cultures to be discarded like ritual
Killings, destroying tribalism and reasons
– These to be retained e.g. Respect to elders
Respect for handwork and high moral values
- Our Religion
– What is Religion?
– Types of Religion
– Mode of worship in different religious practices
– Material for each worship e.g. Candle, music
Holy Bible, beads, Quran.
- Religion Practice Lagos State Ministry of Education Schemes of work for Primary School
– Islamic Religion belief in Allah and prophet
Mohammed as the messenger. They pray five
Times a day and they worship in the mosque.
– Traditional Religion, Idol worshippers practice in
The shrine and believes in some objects as their
god
– Christian Religion believes in the Supreme Being
Called God and his only begotten son Jesus
Christ. They worship in the church on Sunday
And use the Holy Bible to pray.
- Similarities and aspects of religion
– We all pray to God through different means.
– Difference in religion
– Styles of dressing.
- Other people’s beliefs and tradition
– Ways of our belief e.g. Tradition differ from
And similar to others.
– The names they call God
– The method of worship
WEEK 1&2
TOPIC: LIVING IN THE FAMILY
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able to know:
- Types of family
- Duties of family
- Importance of the family
- Relationship of some member of the family
- Benefit of family
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS LESSON: the students are familiar with family.
REFERENCE MATERIALS
- NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for primary school.
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Social Studies (MIDDLE BASIC)
- Internet.
- Social Studies Text Books for Primary Schools
- Nigeria Educational Research and Development Council scheme (NERDC)
CONTENT
FAMILY
A Family is the social unit living together.
MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY
The family is the first stage of man in living together with other human beings. It is the first social unit that is recognized in every society. Family brings people together and grows the society.
The members of a family are the father, the mother and children (if there is any)
Family is divided into two
- Nuclear Family
- Extended family
MEMBERS OF NUCLEAR FAMILY
Nuclear family is made up of the father, the mother/ mothers and children (if there is any).Members of a person’s immediate or nuclear family include all persons who have a direct and close relationship with him or her. For example, the nuclear family of a man who is married is made up of his wife and children. Similarly, the nuclear family of a married woman is made up of her husband and children. In the case of a boy or a girl, members of his or her immediate family include his or her parents, brothers and sisters. In other words, the nuclear family consists of a mother, a father and their children. This form of family is found everywhere in the world. It is also called the simple family, and it is the smallest family unit.
MEMBERS OF EXTENDED FAMILY
Extended family is made up of several families who are related by blood. That is an extended family is the combination of different nuclear families. These are grandparents, parents, brothers, sisters, uncles, aunts, cousins, nephews and nieces. The extended family is a family unit embracing parents, and children, together with grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins and sometimes more distant relatives. For example, you belong to the family your father came from. At the same time, you belong to the family your mother came from. You are therefore a member of an extended family. The extended family system is common to all ethnic groups in Nigeria. It is an African way of life.
[mediator_tech]
MEANING AND FUNCTIONS OF MARRIAGE
Family tree
The family tree gives a simple picture of who the members of the extended family are, and how they are related to one another.
RELATIONSHIP OF SOME MEMBER OF THE FAMILY
- They have same family name
- They speak the language
- They are from the same state
- They are from the village
BENEFITS OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
- Helping one another.
- Providing assistance in time of need.
- Love and concern for one another.
- Offering advice to one another.
- Support for one another.
- Offering protection for one another.
- It build strong family Bond
Family responsibilities
Responsibilities of parents to their children and wards
Parents take good care of their children and wards in the following ways:
1 They provide the needs of their children and wards. Such needs include food, clothing and shelter.
2 They train their children by sending them to school and investing in their education. For instance, they pay their children’s school fees and buy bags, shoes, uniforms and books for their use in school. They ensure that they study at home in order to perform well at school.
3 Parents name their children when they are born. They give them the kind of names people bear in their family. Sometimes the name shows what parents want the child to become.
4 They teach them to be of good behaviour and to respect elders, thereby contributing to their moral development.
5 Parents protect their children from sickness and danger. However, they take their children and wards to the hospital for treatment when they are sick.
6 They advise and teach their children and wards on how to do things properly. For example, mothers teach their daughters and even sons how to cook and clean the house. Fathers may teach their children how to do farm work or how to fix and repair things in the house. If children grow up without parents or guardians to guide them well, they may not be able to learn those things that will make them good and responsible citizens.
Responsibilities of children and dependants to their parents
Children and other young members of the family help the parents in the following ways:
1 They go on errands for their parents.
2 They do domestic work such as washing clothes, cooking, sweeping, dusting, and taking care of the younger ones.
3 Children whose parents are traders sometimes help them to sell their goods.
4 They attend to their parents when they are sick.
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE
- The Teacher revises the previous lesson.
- The Teacher introduces the topic
- The Teacher explains the lessons.
STUDENT ACTIVITIES:
- Students mention members of their family.
EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES
- Define family.
- Family is divided into —-
- Mention the types of family. That we have.
- Mention three effects of Abusers Of Tobacco
- Mention three effects of Abusers Of Cannabis
CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.
WEEK 3
TOPIC: MARRIAGE
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able to know:
- What is marriage
- Types of marriage.
- Marriage practices in Nigeria and their difference from one community to the other.
- Marriage problems and solution.
REFERENCE MATERIALS
- NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for primary school.
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Social Studies (MIDDLE BASIC)
- Internet.
- Nigeria Educational Research and Development Council scheme (NERDC)
- Social Studies Text Books for Primary Schools.
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS LESSON: the students are familiar with Relationship of Some Member of the Family.
CONTENT
MARRIAGE
Marriage is the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce). It is the union of a man and a woman. Marriage is the union (coming together) of a man and woman to become husband and wife. It is also the arrangements, and the ceremonies, which a society approves for a man and a woman to come together to form a family.
Types of Marriage
The types of marriages in our society are namely:
- Monogamy marriage
- Polygamy marriage
MONOGAMY MARRIAGE
Monogamy marriage is one man, one wife. It is having only one spouse (partner) at a time. This type of marriage is commonly found among Christians.
POLYGAMY MARRIAGE
Polygamy marriage is when a man marries more than one wife. The man can marry as many wives as he want but he should be capable of taking care of them. This is common among Muslims and traditional worshippers.
MARRIAGE PRACTICES IN NIGERIA AND THEIR DIFFERENCE FROM ONE COMMUNITY TO THE OTHER
Marriage practices are different from one communities to another.
How marriage is done in Hausa or north.
- When a Hausa boy sees a girl he loves,
- he tells his parents,
- The parent will meet with the parents of the girl to inform them about their son interest of marriage in their daughter,
- If they agree,
- The boy will start visiting the girl in their house and can give her gifts,
- The parent of the boy will go to the girl’s parent and fix the wedding date.
How marriage is done in the west (Yoruba people)
- When a young man want to marry a girl
- His parents get a negotiator, who will talk to the girl’s parent while she is still young.
How marriage is done in the East (Igbo people)
- When a young man sees a girl he loves,
- He will inform his parents,
- His parent will make inquiries about the girl’s family to know if they are good or bad.
Why marriage practices are different in our communities
- Religion
- Culture
Why marriage practices should continue
- It brings unity
- It is part of culture
- It bring mutual understanding
Changes that have taken place in our marriage practices
- Influence of foreign culture
- Western education
- Outdated traditional practices
- Cost of living
How marriage practices differ from one community to the other
Some communities, especially traditional communities, practise polygamy. One man would marry two or more wives. In polygamy, the man is expected to love all his wives equally. He must cater for them and their children. In many polygamous marriages, the man ensures that each wife has her own room or quarters within the main compound, where she stays with her children. The man may decide to stay in his own quarters, by himself, or he may share it with the first wife. Also, the man must ensure that the family lives peacefully. This means that he must make sure the wives and their children (and even his own relatives) do not quarrel among themselves. Muslims are also allowed by their religion to practice polygamy. The man may marry up to four wives. Some communities prefer monogamy. The man marries only one wife and has children by her. He is expected to take good care of his wife and children. The man heads the family and his wife helps him. Christians and most people who live in large towns and cities, practice monogamy.
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE
- The Teacher revises the previous lesson).
- The Teacher introduces the topic.
- The Teacher explains the lessons.
EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES
- Define marriage.
- Mention the types of marriage that we have.
- Mention three reasons Why marriage practices are different in our communities
- Mention three Changes that have taken place in our marriage practices
CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.
WEEK 4
TOPIC: MARRIAGE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION (MARRIAGE FAILURE)
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able to know:
- What is marriage
- Types of marriage.
- Marriage practices in Nigeria and their difference from one community to the other.
- Marriage problems and solution.
REFERENCE MATERIALS
- NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for primary school.
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Social Studies (MIDDLE BASIC)
- Internet.
- Social Studies Text Books for Primary Schools
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS LESSON: the students are familiar with Marriage.
CONTENT
PROBLEMS OF LIVING TOGETHER IN MARRIAGE
- Peoples like and dislikes are not the same.
- People think differently
HOW AND WHY DISAGREEMENTS OCCUR
- Lack of money
- Misunderstanding
- Influence of friends (gossiping)
- Problems from in- laws
- Infertility
SOLUTION TO PROBLEMS OF MARRIAGE
- Both couple should be honest with each other.
- They should care for one another through love and sharing.
- They should learn to listen to one another.
- They should be patience with each other.
- They should learn to tolerate one another weaknesses.
- They should respect each other’s view.
- They should cooperate and plan with one another.
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE
- The Teacher revises the previous lesson.
- The Teacher introduces the topic ).
- The Teacher explains the lessons.
EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES
- Mention three problems in marriage.
- Mention three solutions to problems of marriage.
CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.
WEEK 5
TOPIC: OUR CULTURE AND ELEMENT OF CULTURE
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able to know:
- What is culture
- Types of culture
- Element of culture
- Different kinds of cultures in Nigeria
- Different customs
- Similarities in culture
- Ways of cultural preservation
- Some culture to be discarded
- Culture to be retained
REFERENCE MATERIALS
- NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for primary school.
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Social Studies (MIDDLE BASIC)
- Internet.
- Social Studies TextBooks for Primary Schools
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS LESSON: the students are familiar with marriage.
CONTENT
What is culture? Culture is the total way of life of a group of people.
Element of culture
- Eating habit
- Dressing mode
- Building style
- Greeting mode
- Language of the people
- Religious practices
- Festivals and ceremonies
- Weapon of war
- Arts and crafts
- Music
- Marriage practice
- Names
- Beliefs and ideas
- customs
WHY WE HAVE DIFFERENT CUSTOMS
Customs are beliefs and traditions of a particular group of people.
1 People come from different places. For example, the Yoruba people of Nigeria are said to have come from Saudi Arabia. They initially settled at Ile Ife and later spread to other places like Abeokuta, Ondo, and Lagos. The Hausa people are said to have come from the central and northern parts of Africa, especially the Sudan area. The Igbo people are said to have come from central Africa through Cameroun. These groups have different customs and traditions because they originated from different forefathers.
2 People live in different areas. For instance, the Igbo live in the eastern part of the country. The Yoruba live in the west and the Hausa in the north. The different places where people live cause differences in their customs, such as the various types of food they eat, and the way they prepare their food. It also affects the way they think, their modes of dressing, their weapons of war and their cooking utensils, among other things.
3 Also, people have different cultures because of the kind of people they interact with and the kind of people who visit them from other lands. For instance, Mary Slessor, a European missionary visited Calabar long ago and did great work there. The people loved her so much that her dress style has become the traditional dress style for most Calabar women.
4 Also, many Europeans visited the Niger Delta area long ago. For this reason, some of the people there bear European names. Many of them love to wear hats along with their traditional dresses. Many of the people there love imported drinks.
5 People practise different cultures also, because of their religious beliefs. If they believe that God should be worshipped in a particular way, they stick to that way and worship him according to what they believe.
SIMILARITIES IN CULTURE
1 We all believe in God.
2 We all believe that we should respect our elders.
3 Nigerians believe that marriage is good. That is why we conduct marriage ceremonies.
4 Many ethnic groups love and eat the same kind of food like yams, vegetables, beans, groundnuts, and palm oil.
5 All ethnic groups believe that people should work hard.
6 In our culture, stealing is seen as something very bad, and thieves are punished severely.
7 We believe that people’s names should mean something specific.
8 We love music and sports.
9 We hate wickedness, war and violence.
WEEK 7
WAYS OF CULTURAL PRESERVATION
It is important for us to promote and preserve certain aspects of our old customs and traditions. Some of these are:
1 The practice of living together in a community, as if the members belong to one family. This can be preserved by
- a) Encouraging people to work in groups; and
- b) Forming associations like age grades and social groups.
These also encourage good neighborliness’ and unity.
2 Traditional religion: This can be preserved by maintaining shrines and other places of worship. We should also not discriminate against traditional religion worshippers in any way.
3 Indigenous foods: This can be preserved by growing more of them, preparing them well for eating, and being proud of them.
4 Traditional mode of dressing: The different styles and modes of traditional dresses need to be preserved and worn by children and adults.
5 Respect for elders and those in authority: This can be preserved by encouraging children, youths and adults to show respect to elders and those in authority, at all times.
6 Respect for other people’s views: We could promote this by continuing to respect and tolerate the views, beliefs and traditions of other groups. We should not regard our own as superior or expect other people to follow our culture.
7 Chieftaincy titles: These can be preserved by respecting the positions of title holders, and by the holders trying to live or behave in the ways expected of them.
8 Traditional languages: Children, youths and adults need to speak their traditional language regularly. We should all make the mother tongue the home language.
9 The museum: We should preserve our artifacts in the museum.
10 Folklore: We should tell stories that reflect our culture.
11 Hard work: People must continue to work hard, so that we can have a better society, made up of decent and disciplined people.
12 High moral values: We must continue to have regard for high moral values such as speaking the truth, being very kind, fairness to all and not stealing; because these values will make our society progressive.
CULTURE TO BE DISCARDED
The following culture should be discarded because every human have the right to life.
- Ritual killing (human sacrifices)
- Tribalism
- Secret societies
- Making male child more important.
- Violence and gender discrimination
- Caste system
- Female circumcision
- Killing of twins
CULTURE TO BE RETAINED
The following culture practices are to be retain because they unite us together and promote morals.
- Respect to elders
- Respect for handwork
- High moral values
- Good eating habit
- Marriage practices
- Festivals
- Good child upbringing
- Traditional hairstyle
- Traditional ceremonies e.g. marriage, naming ceremonies
- Mode of dressing
- Traditional institution e.g. leadership, chiefs
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE
- The Teacher revises the previous lesson .
- The Teacher introduces the topic ).
- The Teacher explains the lessons.
EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES
- What is culture?
- Mention three element of culture
- Mention three kinds of cultures in Nigeria
- Mention three Different customs
- List three Similarities in culture
- Mention four Ways of cultural preservation
- Mention two culture to be discarded
- Mention three Culture to be retained
CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.
[mediator_tech]
Unpacking School Culture: What It Is and Why It Matters
WEEK 8&9
TOPIC: OUR RELIGION
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able to know:
- What is religion
- Types of religion
- Mode of worship in different religion
- Materials for each worship
REFERENCE MATERIALS
- NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for primary school.
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Social Studies (MIDDLE BASIC)
- Internet.
- Social Studies TextBooks for Primary Schools
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS LESSON: the students are familiar with culture.
CONTENT
Nigerians have freedom of worship. So any Nigerian can practice the religion of his or her choice.
What is religion? Religion is a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny.
Types of religion in Nigeria
- Christianity
- Islam
- African traditional religion
MODE OF WORSHIP AND MATERIALS IN DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
CHRISTIANITY
Christianity was introduced in Nigeria by Christian missionaries. Christian believe in one God and Jesus Christ.
All Christian use the Holy Bible to pray and teach the words of God. Other materials used by Christians are candles, Olive oil, beads, Musical instrument. Most Christian goes their place of worship on Sundays while some go on Saturdays and weekdays. Their place of worship is called CHURCH.
ISLAM
Islam was introduced to Nigeria by the Arabs, Muslims believe in one God and Prophet Muhammad as his messenger or the prophet of Allah.
Muslims use the Quran as their holy book. They worship in the mosques and they pray five times daily. Their major material of worship is the bead.
AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION
Traditional worshipers practice in the shrine and believe in some objects as their God. These objects vary from different tribes or villages and they are called different name. Like some Yoruba call their Gods the god of thunder (Sango), god of fertility. Some Igbos call their God Amadioha, chukwu. Hausa call their ALLAH.
Some of the objects they worship are iron, wood, tree etc. traditional worshipers worship in the shrine. They worship God through their ancestors and spirit. Traditional religion is the oldest religion before Islam and Christianity.
SIMILARITIES AND ASPECTS OF RELIGION
- They teach us to believe in one God.
- They teach us not to do evil.
- To teach us to be good and to behave well.
- They teach us to love other people as we love ourselves.
- To teach us to fear and Respect God.
- To teach us to be peaceful with our neighbors.
- They teach us to tolerate one another.
- They teach us to respect people in authority.
DIFFERENCES IN RELIGION
1 The various religions have different names for the supreme being that they worship. For example, Christians call him God. Muslims call him Allah. Those who practise African traditional religion call him by different names including Chukwu, Olodumare, Oghene, Abasi. Also they have different names for their various gods and goddesses, such as Olokun, Orisa, Amadioha.
2 They have different places of worship. For instance, the Christians worship in churches, the Muslims worship in mosques, while African traditional worshippers worship in shrines.
3 They use different materials for worship. For example, the Christians use the Bible, the Muslims use stringed beads, and those who worship idols use thing like the blood of animals, cowries and kolanuts.
4 They have different methods of worship. For example, some kneel down to pray. Others bow or stand upright to pray, while some prostrate or lie with their faces on the ground.
5 They have different dress styles. For instance, some wear white garments, some wear coloured garments, some wear special apparel with beads and charm around their bodies, while others wear normal clothes to their various worship centres.
6 Some of them pray to God through different mediators. For example,
Christians pray through Jesus Christ. Those who practise African traditional religions pray through gods and goddesses.
WHY WE MUST TRY TO LISTEN TO OTHERS PEOPLE VIEWS
- To leave peacefully with one another.
- To share ideas and learn from each other’s.
- To be able to take decision together.
- To promote interaction among us
- To promote peace and progress.
- To avoid religious crisis
- To promote national unity and development.
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE
- The Teacher revises the previous lesson
- The Teacher introduces the topic
- The Teacher explains the lessons.
EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES
- What is religion?
- Mention three element of religion
- Mention three kinds of religions in Nigeria
- Mention three Different customs
- List three Similarities in religion
- Mention four Ways of cultural preservation
- Mention two religion to be discarded
- Mention three religion to be retained
CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.
WEEK 10&11
TOPIC: SIMILARITIES AND ASPECTS OF RELIGION
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
At the end of this Unit, Pupils should be able to know:
- similarities and aspects of religion
REFERENCE MATERIALS
- NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for primary school.
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Social Studies (MIDDLE BASIC)
- Internet.
Social Studies TextBooks for Primary Schools
ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS LESSON: the students are familiar with our Religion.
CONTENT
SIMILARITIES AND ASPECTS OF RELIGION
- They teach us to believe in one God.
- They teach us not to do evil.
- To teach us to be good and to behave well.
- They teach us to love other people as we love ourselves.
- To teach us to fear and Respect God.
- To teach us to be peaceful with our neighbors.
- They teach us to tolerate one another.
- They teach us to respect people in authority.
DIFFERENCES IN RELIGION
- They have different name of God.
- They dress differently
- They have different places of worship
- They have different belief like Christian worship God through Jesus Christ, Muslim worship God through Mohammed, traditional religion worship God through their ancestors and spirit.
[mediator_tech]
RELIGION AND NATIONAL VALUES JSS 1 SECOND TERM EXAMINATION
WHY WE MUST TRY TO LISTEN TO OTHERS PEOPLE VIEWS
- To leave peacefully with one another.
- To share ideas and learn from each other’s.
- To be able to take decision together.
- To promote interaction among us
- To promote peace and progress.
- To avoid religious crisis
- To promote national unity and development.
INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE
- The Teacher revises the previous lesson
- The Teacher introduces the topic
- The Teacher explains the lessons.
EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES
- List three Similarities in religion
- Mention four Ways of cultural preservation
CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson