FOOD NUTRITION CLASSES OF FOOD
Subject :
HOME ECONOMICS
Term :
First Term
Week:
Week 3
Class :
JSS 2 / BASIC 8
Previous lesson:
MYSELF AS A HOMEMAKER QUALITIES OF A HOMEMAKER
Topic :
FOOD NUTRITION CLASSES OF FOOD
Behavioural objectives :
At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
- Define nutrition
- List classes of food
- Write out the functions of each class of food
Instructional Materials:
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
Methods of Teaching :
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
Reference Materials:
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
- Workbooks
Content:
FOOD NUTRITION
Nutrients are chemical substances in the food we eat. Nutrients are the nutritional components in foods that an organism utilizes to survive and grow. Nutrient is defined as “a substance obtained from food used in the body to promote growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues”, or simply as “a substance that provides nourishment”.
There are six classes of food nutrients. They are:
- Carbohydrate
- Fats & oil
- Proteins
- Minerals
- Vitamins
- Water
| Food nutrient | Functions | Sources | Deficiency |
| 1. Carbohydrate | Provides the body with heat & energy for work | Yam, rice, maize | Lack of energy tiredness. |
| 2. Fats & oils | Same as above | Butter, magazine, palm oil | Skin may become rough |
| 3. Proteins | For growth For building new tissues. For repair of damaged, worn out tissues | Meat , fish, egg, beans, soya beans | Poor growth & development generally weakens, kwashiorkor |
| 4. Mineral | For growth e.g bones, teeth-; for building new tissues; for repair of damage | milk, egg, meat milk | Poor functioning of the body e.g weak, bones and teeth, headaches |
| 5. Vitamins | Protect the body from diseases. Important for vitality | Fruits, vegetables, egg yolk, cold liver oil | Loss of immunity, weakness and loss of appetite |
| 6. Water | Helps digestion; important for body tissues and fluids | Fruits, vegetables, drinking water, beverages | Normal digestion and other bodily functions may be affected |
Protein
- Protein is mainly used for growth and body repair.
- When there is an insufficient intake of energy, protein would be broken down and used as body fuel, which may lead to protein-energy malnutrition.
- One gram of protein provides 4 kcal.
Carbohydrate
- Carbohydrates are the major energy source in an average diet, which is also the preferred fuel.
- One gram of carbohydrate provides 4 kcal.
- When adequate carbohydrate is provided in the diet, protein would be spared for growth and repair.
- Carbohydrates can be divided into three main types: monosaccharides, disaccharides and complex carbohydrates (starches and dietary fibres)
Fats and Oil
- Fat is technically known as triglycerides, which is a class of lipids
- Fat is a concentrated energy source, which provides 9 kcal for each gram of fat.
- Fat carries fat-soluble vitamins, i.e. vitamin A, D, E and K.
- Fat prevents heat loss in extreme temperatures and protects organs against shock.
- Fat can be divided into saturated fat and unsaturated fat depending on their chemical structures.
- Unsaturated fat can be further divided to mono- and poly-unsaturated fats.
- Excess fat intake has been linked to major health problems, including an increased risk of heart disease, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and certain types of cancers.
Vitamins
- Vitamins are micronutrients, meaning the body needs them in small quantities.
- Vitamins are organic compounds produced by living beings, while minerals are inorganic elements that originate in the earth.
- Vitamins and minerals support the body’s biochemical processes.
- Each of the vitamins and minerals has a distinct function, including regulating metabolism, guarding the cells from oxidative stress and synthesizing hormones.
Water
- Water is vital for the normal functioning of all your body’s systems.
- It helps cleanse your body of wastes and toxins, carries essential nutrients to your cells, lubricates your joints and helps maintain your body temperature.
- If your urine output is about 6 cups per day, your urine is slightly yellowish or clear and you don’t often feel thirsty, your water intake is likely adequate.
Presentation
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1:
The class teacher revises the previous topics
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise
Conclusion
The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out a short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.
The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.
He or she makes the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.
In conclusion, I would say that the world of homemakers is not dead and can be revived if we focus on its positive values. I hope that my blog post will help you to understand what a real homemaker does and share your own experience as well.
ASSESSMENT
- List the SIX classes of food nutrients and TWO sources each?
- List FOUR types of family crises?
- All mothers are homemakers. Discuss.
- Babysitting is one of the duties of the homemaker. Yes or no. Why?
- List FOUR ways of managing family crises?
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the most important source of energy for the body. They’re found in bread, pasta, rice and potatoes. These foods provide quick bursts of energy that can help you stay alert during a long day at work or school.
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose (sugar) and then used by the body to provide fuel for your brain and muscles when needed.
Proteins
Proteins are the building blocks of life. They are used to produce enzymes and hormones, as well as growth, repair and maintenance of body tissues. Proteins also help in the production of antibodies that fight disease or infection.
The main types of proteins include:
- Amino acids – These essential nutrients can be found in animal products like meat, eggs, dairy products or fish such as sardines; whole grains (such as rice); legumes (beans); seeds such as sunflower seeds; nuts & nut butters; dried fruits
Lipids
Lipids are a major class of organic molecules. They include fats, oils, waxes, steroids and other sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E), monoglycerides/diglycerides and phospholipids.
The main types of lipids are:
- Fats – these are oily substances that store energy; they come from animal sources such as butter or lard
- Oils – these are liquid at room temperature but solidify when cooled down to freezing point; they come from plant sources (olive oil).
Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamins and minerals are nutrients that are essential to the body. They come in many forms, including B vitamins and calcium. They cannot be produced by the body on their own but must be obtained through diet or supplements.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are required by all living cells in small quantities in order to carry out specific functions and processes within them (source). Most vitamins can be found naturally in food such as vegetables and fruits or added into your diet through supplements like multivitamins or other health products like vitamin water bottles you might find at gas stations near college campuses across America!
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the body. The pancreas produces enzymes, and they’re responsible for breaking down food so that it can be absorbed by the intestines and used as fuel for energy.
Enzymes also play a role in digestion, metabolism and growth; if you don’t have enough enzymes available to digest your food properly, then you’ll experience symptoms like indigestion or bloating due to poor digestion (which can lead directly back into obesity).
Water
Water is the most important nutrient for life. It’s essential for digestion, circulation and excretion, so it’s also considered a macronutrient. Your body consists mostly of water (92% by weight), but there are other elements such as potassium and sodium that play an important role in maintaining your health.
Water helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels. The kidneys filter about 2 liters (2 quarts) of blood every day through urine; if this amount weren’t filtered out every day through urination, too much salt would build up in the body’s fluids causing high blood pressure — which can lead to heart disease or stroke if left untreated over time!
Six classes of food nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals, enzymes, and water.
The six classes of food nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals, enzymes and water.
Carbohydrates are found in plant foods like vegetables and fruits. Proteins are made up of amino acids which come from plants or animals (meat). Lipids contain fats that we need for energy as well as other functions in our bodies such as storing vitamins A & D or protecting our cells from damage caused by free radicals. Vitamins & Minerals include all the essential micronutrients needed for good health – B6 (pyridoxine), C (ascorbic acid), E (d-alpha tocopherol acetate), K2 (phylloquinone) etc.. Enzymes speed up certain reactions in your body so it can function properly – this includes digestive enzymes helping break down food into smaller molecules before absorption into bloodstream; immune system builders like TNF-alpha which help prevent infections; coagulation factors clotting blood after injury has occurred; H2O hydration
Conclusion
The first step to getting the most out of your food is to understand what each type of nutrient is and where it fits into the food chain. Next, we’ll cover how these nutrients interact with one another and how they affect you as an individual.