Meaning and Types of Habitats Basic Science Jss 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 1
Lesson Plan for JSS 2 (Basic 8)
Subject: Basic Science
Class: JSS 2 (Basic 8)
Term: First Term
Week: 1
Age: 12 – 13 years
Topic: Living Things (I)
Sub-topics:
- Habitat and examples
- Adaptation of living things to their habitat
- Relationship between organisms in the same habitat
Duration: 80 minutes
Behavioral Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define and identify different habitats.
- Give examples of organisms that live in specific habitats.
- Explain how living things adapt to their habitats.
- Describe the relationship between organisms in the same habitat.
Keywords: Habitat, Adaptation, Organisms, Environment, Relationship
Set Induction:
Ask students to think about their homes and how they have everything they need to survive. Explain that just like humans, other living things also have specific places where they live and get their needs met—these places are called habitats.
Entry Behavior:
Students are familiar with the basic concept of living and non-living things from previous lessons.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Samples of living things (e.g., plants, insects)
- Pictures of different types of habitats (forests, deserts, oceans, etc.)
- Examples of organisms living in specific habitats
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Recall the previous lesson where students learned about living and non-living things. Discuss how living things are found in specific environments or habitats that provide what they need to survive.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Critical thinking and observation
- Communication
- Collaboration
- Environmental awareness
Learning Materials:
- Living things (samples)
- Visual aids showing various habitats
- Textbooks and notebooks
Reference Books:
- Basic Science for Junior Secondary Schools (Lagos State Scheme of Work)
- Essential Science for JSS 2 by Dr. O. O. Odumosu
Instructional Content:
1. Habitat and Examples
- Definition: A habitat is the natural environment where a plant, animal, or other organism lives.
- Examples of Habitats:
- Forests (e.g., trees, birds, insects)
- Deserts (e.g., camels, cacti)
- Oceans (e.g., fish, seaweed)
- Grasslands (e.g., lions, zebras)
2. Adaptation of Living Things to Their Habitat
- Definition: Adaptation refers to the special characteristics that enable plants and animals to survive in their particular habitats.
- Examples:
- Camels have long eyelashes and store fat in their humps to survive in deserts.
- Fish have gills that allow them to breathe underwater.
- Cacti have thick stems to store water in deserts.
3. Relationship Between Organisms in the Same Habitat
- Definition: Organisms in the same habitat often interact and depend on each other for survival, forming a community.
- Examples:
- Predator-Prey Relationships: Lions hunting zebras in the grasslands.
- Symbiotic Relationships: Clownfish living among sea anemones for protection.
15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions with Options:
- A habitat is where an organism _______ (a) eats (b) lives (c) sleeps (d) hunts.
- The desert is a habitat for _______ (a) fish (b) camels (c) trees (d) monkeys.
- An example of an aquatic habitat is the _______ (a) ocean (b) forest (c) desert (d) grassland.
- Cacti store water in their _______ to survive in deserts. (a) roots (b) leaves (c) flowers (d) stems.
- Animals that live in forests include _______ (a) lions (b) whales (c) camels (d) sharks.
- The process by which organisms adjust to their environment is called _______ (a) adaptation (b) mutation (c) respiration (d) digestion.
- Clownfish and sea anemones have a _______ relationship. (a) competitive (b) symbiotic (c) predatory (d) parasitic.
- Camels have _______ to protect their eyes from sand. (a) long tongues (b) long eyelashes (c) sharp claws (d) thick fur).
- The primary food source in a habitat is known as the _______ (a) prey (b) predator (c) producer (d) scavenger).
- _______ is an example of a grassland animal. (a) Zebra (b) Shark (c) Camel (d) Parrot).
- Organisms in the same habitat that hunt each other have a _______ relationship. (a) symbiotic (b) competitive (c) predatory (d) parasitic).
- The adaptations of polar bears include thick _______ to stay warm. (a) fur (b) skin (c) feathers (d) scales).
- _______ are organisms that live in water habitats. (a) Fish (b) Birds (c) Lions (d) Elephants).
- The _______ is the natural environment of a living thing. (a) ecosystem (b) niche (c) habitat (d) population).
- An example of a forest habitat is _______ (a) Sahara Desert (b) Amazon Rainforest (c) Pacific Ocean (d) Kalahari Desert).
15 FAQs with Answers:
- Q: What is a habitat?
A: A habitat is the natural environment where an organism lives. - Q: Name one organism that lives in the desert habitat.
A: A camel. - Q: How do cacti survive in the desert?
A: Cacti store water in their thick stems. - Q: What is adaptation?
A: Adaptation is the process by which organisms develop characteristics that help them survive in their habitats. - Q: Give an example of a forest habitat.
A: The Amazon Rainforest. - Q: What kind of relationship exists between lions and zebras in the grassland?
A: A predator-prey relationship. - Q: Why do fish have gills?
A: Fish have gills to breathe underwater. - Q: What is the role of a producer in a habitat?
A: Producers provide food for other organisms in the habitat. - Q: How do polar bears adapt to cold environments?
A: Polar bears have thick fur to keep warm. - Q: What kind of relationship is formed between clownfish and sea anemones?
A: A symbiotic relationship. - Q: What is the primary source of food in a forest habitat?
A: Plants and small animals. - Q: Which habitat is home to sharks?
A: The ocean. - Q: What kind of habitat is a grassland?
A: A large open area with few trees, often home to herbivores. - Q: Name a predator that lives in the forest habitat.
A: A tiger. - Q: What do adaptations help organisms to do?
A: Adaptations help organisms to survive in their specific habitats.
Presentation:
Step 1: Revising the Previous Topic
Review the previous lesson on living and non-living things. Ask students to recall characteristics of living things and give examples.
Step 2: Introducing the New Topic
Introduce the concept of habitats and explain how living things are adapted to their environments. Show pictures of various habitats and organisms.
Step 3: Allowing Pupils to Contribute
Encourage students to discuss different habitats they know and the organisms that live there. Correct misconceptions and expand on their contributions.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Explain and define habitats, adaptation, and relationships among organisms.
- Show pictures and samples of living things in different habitats.
- Facilitate discussions on how organisms are adapted to their habitats.
- Guide students in identifying relationships among organisms in the same habitat.
Learners’ Activities:
- Listen and take notes on the definitions and examples provided.
- Observe the pictures and samples displayed by the teacher.
- Participate in discussions about different habitats and adaptations.
- Answer questions and engage in activities related to the lesson.
Assessment:
- Ask students to list three examples of habitats and name organisms that live in each.
- Describe one adaptation for a plant and one for an animal in a specific habitat.
- Explain the relationship between two organisms in the same habitat.
10 Evaluation Questions:
- What is a habitat?
- Name two types of habitats.
- How do camels adapt to life in the desert?
- Give an example of a predator-prey relationship.
- What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
- Name one organism that lives in the ocean.
- How does a cactus adapt to its habitat?
- Explain what is meant by adaptation.
- Name one organism that lives in the grassland.
- What relationship exists between lions and zebras?
Conclusion:
- Recap the lesson by reviewing key points about habitats, adaptation, and relationships between organisms.
- Mark students’ work and provide feedback.