Relationship between organisms in their habitat

Subject :

Basic Science and Technology

TERM 

FIRST TERM

Week 3

CLASS 

JSS 2 / Basic 8

Topic :

Relationship between organisms in their habitat

Instructional Materials :

• Samples of living things
• Pictures of types of habitats
• Examples of organisms living in the given habitat
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• Online Materials

Reference Materials

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum

Previous Knowledge :

The pupils have been taught

 Adaptation of Organisms to their habitats

in their previous lesson

Behavioural Objectives :  At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to

• explain the relationship between organisms in their habitats in respect of commensalism, competition, mutualism, predator-prey and parasitism relationship

Content :

Relationship between organisms in their habitat 

Contents:

• Meaning of commensalism
• Meaning of competition,
• Meaning of mutualism,
• Meaning of predator-prey and
• Meaning of parasitism relationship

Relationship between organisms in their habitat 

Nothing really exists in isolation in this world. Likewise no single living thing lives in isolation. Living organisms relate and interact with each other for continued existence and interaction. This interaction is important for the balanced existence of the ecosystem. All organisms in the ecosystem are connected in one way or the other .

Types of relationship of organisms in their habitat 

1. Commensalism : This relationship involves two organisms in which one benefits and the other organism does not benefit nor enjoy anything. This is an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm. This types of Commensalism can be observed in the following living things
   • Cow and egret relationship
   • Tree and frog relationship
   • Jackal and tiger relationship
   • Goby fish live on other sea animals,
   • When Orchids start growing on tree Branches
   • Sharks and Remora Fish
   • Monarch butterflies and milkweed
2. Competition : Competition feeding relationship in living organisms in their habitat involves the ability of each living thing to compete, fight or battle for the limited available for supply for existence. It is a relationship in which organisms compete for limited resources. In the process of competition one of the organism may be injured or lose its life. Examples of living organisms that display competition relationship are
   • Both wolves and bear hunting the same prey
   • Lions and hyenas
   • Jackals and small animals
   • Microbes compete for chemical substrates.
   • Animals fight over territory, water, food, shelter and prospective mates
3. Mutualism : This relationship between different living organisms makes both living things to enjoy without harm or injure to any party. Mutualistic arrangements are most likely to develop between organisms because they have widely different  requirement for living. Examples of living organisms that exhibit mutualism relationship are
   • Coral and algae.
   • Oxpeckers and large mammals.
   • Oxpeckers and zebras
   • Digestive bacteria and humans
   • Ants and fungus
   • Humans and plants
   • Clownfish and anemones
4. Predatory : In this type of relationship, one organism preys or feeds on the other. A predator is an organism that eats another organism. The organism that is eaten is the prey. Examples of organisms in this relationship are
   • Lions kill and est antelopes or zebras
   • Spider and insects
   • Crocodiles and Buffalo
   • Octopus killing and eating small fishes or other small sea creatures
   • Ladybugs feeding on aphids on apple trees
   • bears kill and eat fish,
5. Parasitism : Meaning of parasitism relationship is the relationship in which one organism lives on and benefits from other organism without having anything to give back to that relationship. The organism that cause the damage is called the parasite while the other organism that suffers the pain or damage is the host. Examples are
   • Tapeworm and human beings
   • Ticks and dogs
   • Lice and human hair
   • Ascariasis (roundworms) and human being
   • Bedbugs
   • Hookworms

Presentation

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

EVALUATION

1. Organisms that feed on other organisms are called ________
2. A tapeworm and a pig have this type of relationship.________
3. The bee and the sun flower have ________ relationship
4. Aphids are tiny insects that live on and eat the leaves of plants, removing vital nutrients from the plants. This type of relation is ________
5. When no harm is done to both organism that are involved in a relationship, this type of relationship can be termed ________
6. When Ticks are feeding on a dog, then such relationship is considered ________
7. Bees transporting pollen from one flower to another flower. The relationship between the bees and the flowers is best described as ________
8. At times, some marriage relationship in human beings may be said to be ________
9. You have Just observed in your classroom that an insect is caught up in a spider web at the top corner of your classroom. The relationship between the insect, that is caught and is about to be eaten up and the spider is ________
10. Organisms that are eaten up by other animals are called ________

Conclusion :

The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the learners.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where  the needs arise.