FISH HARVESTING

Subject:

Agricultural Science

Class:

SS 3

Term:

First Term / 1st Term

Week:

Week 7

Topic:

FISH HARVESTING 

Previous Knowledge: The pupils have previous knowledge of

 FISH FARMING 

that was taught in their previous lesson.

Behavioural  Objectives : At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to

• Define fish harvesting
• List the benefits of fish processing
• .Differentiate between fish processing and preservation.
• List things to be removed when processing fish.
• List four aims of processing fish

Instructional Materials 

• Wall charts
• Online Resource
• Textbooks
• Laptop
• Crop samples
• Pictures that are related to the subject matter
• Flash cards
• www.edudelighttutors.com

Methods of Teaching 

• Role modelling
• Questions and Answers
• Explanation
• Discussion
• Recitation
• Imitation
• Story Telling
• Dramatization

WEEK SEVEN 

Some of the aims of fish preservation are:

1. To retain the quality and quantity of fish.
2. To increase the shelf life of the food.
3. To make available different types of fish food.
4. To maintain all season supplies.
5. To avoid spoilage caused by micro-organism.

PROCESSING OF FISH

Processing is the changing of food material fish from one form to another. It involves the removal of inedible part and changing the fish from one form into a preservable form. These are examples of things removed during processing gut, scales, gills, bones, and fins. By product of fish processing includes fish meal, fish scale, cod liver oil and fish skin.

FISH HARVESTING

Harvesting is the collection of fish from a pond for consumption, preservation or for sale.

Methods of Fish Harvesting

Fishing methods involves the use of different techniques or equipments use in harvesting fishes.

• Netting: This involves the use of nets to catch fish. Examples of nets include gill nets, clap net, trawl net, scoop net, beach seines, drag net, drifting or floating nets, cast nets etc. Nets are woven to various sizes and thickness and are thrown into water to catch fish. Each type is used differently. Nets: These are made from fine cotton or nylon, the thread is lowered into the water. Small weight made of lead is attached to the edges of the net which help them to sink to bottom of the water. When net is pulled up, it encloses many fishes which are then caught between the holes called MESH of the net.
• Trapping: – This is setting of traps to catch fish. Gears made from ropes or raffia are woven into various sizes for capturing fishes. The traps are set along water courses and any fish that comes into them is trapped. There are many types of fish traps which can be made either from bamboo, canes, raffia, oil palm or coconut palm fronds or wire and wire mesh.
• Hooks and Lines: – This involves the use of hooks tied to strings then set along water course. The hooks are baited with food to attract the fish.
• Use of Ultrasonic: – This is an instrument that makes sound in the water to attract fishes. Other means of harvesting like net can later be used to pack them.
• Electro fishing: – This is the use of electric field connected to the water to make the fishes become electrocuted. It can only be used for total harvesting of fish.
• Impaling: This involves the use of spears or harpoons or any sharp objects (wounding equipment) to attack and catch big fishes e.g. shark.
• Pots and Gourds: Some fishermen who fish in ponds and shallow lake, place clay pot and gourds in water to caught the fish when fish enter them.
• Screen or barriers: Screens made with bamboo, raffia or oil palm fronts are used to enclose portions of shallow water. When fish enters the trap/enclosed areas at high tide, it cannot escape at low tide when water is reduced, hence they are collected.
• Fishing without equipment: Some aquatic animals can be caught without any kind of fishing equipment. They are picked up by hand having driving to the mud and plants on which they are attached by water current. Examples are periwinkles, oysters, and clams.

BASIC LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF FISHERY IN NIGERIA

Fishery regulations are rules and laws governing the exploitation and other practices of fishery resources.

The regulations include the following:

1. Catch quota: This is a form of control in which fisherman is allowed to catch a specific quantity of fish or regulating the number of fishermen by issuing them permit or license at a specific amount.
2. Close season: This is a regulation in which fishing is not permitted to take place for a given period of time. This helps in making the younger fishes to grow and mature.
3. Mesh size regulation: This involves the use of a standard size net or mesh so that only the matured fishes are caught thus leaving the younger ones to grow to adulthood before harvesting.
4. Population control:This involves the process of cannibalism where fish types like catfish are made to eat other fish like Tilapia or early harvesting to prevent overpopulation.
5. Regular stocking:This is the introduction of compatible species of fish to increase the population of fishes in water.
6. Prevention of vessels: No vessels (except canoes) is allowed to fish within the first two (2) nautical miles of the Nigerian Continental Shelf.
7. Prohibitive use of explosives: The use of explosives is totally prohibited as this kills young as well as the old fishes.
8. Ban on the use of poisonous chemicals: The use of poisonous chemicals like Gammalin 20 is prohibited as it kills both young and old fishes.
9. Landing tax: Landing tax is used such that total catch and sizes of fishes are taxed at the site of landing.
10. Allocation of fishing areas: Fishing areas are allocated to individual’s fisherman so as to prevent interference with bigger fishing areas.

Presentation : 

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1: The class teacher revises the old topic

Step 2: The class teacher introduces the new topic

Step 3: The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and gives room for pupils” participation

Class Teacher and Pupils Activities. Interaction or Participation 

This involves class teacher and pupils’ interaction, conversation, imitation or modeling through discussion, play method or just by recitation or asking and answering questions that are related to the topic that has just been taught.

EVALUATION 

Objectives

1. Fish eggs which are salted and prepared for eating are called A) Shagreen B) Caviar (C) Canivar D) Smoked egg.
2. Glues and fertilizers are produced by using _____ A) shells of oysters B) Fish bones (C) Scales of fish D) Cod-liver oil.
3. ___ contains pearls which are polished and worn as jewellery.A) Oysters B) Crocodile (C) Turtle D) Lobsters.
4. The skin of sharks are dried and specially treated to produce very special leather called(A) Shannon B) Shagreen C) Shagrey D) Shy green.
5. Processing entails the removal of ___ parts of the fish. A) edible B) inedible C) bone(D) fish
6. Preservation prevents the following except ____A)spoilage B)injury C)processing D) loss.
7. The drying of fish over fire is known as ____ A)smoking B)salting C) freezing D) roasting
8. Which of this is the process of putting in tins with special oils and paste? A) smoking(B) freezing C)canning D) icing.
9. Example of water habitat that can be caught without the use of equipment are ____(A) periwinkle B) turtle C) oyster D) clam.
10. A ___ is anything that attracts the fish into trap set for the fish A) bat B) bait C) food(D) sweet.

Theory

1. What is fish Farming?
2. What is fish farming?
3. Differentiate between cold and warm blooded animals.
4. Mention eight importance of fish farming.
5. Describe four method of harvesting.
6. Differentiate between fish processing and preservation.
7. List four aims of processing fish.
8. List eight fishery regulations.
9. What is pisciculture?
10. Mention five examples of cold blooded animals.
11. Mention five importance of fish farming
12. Write out five methods of fish preservation.

Conclusion : 

The class teacher concludes the lesson by giving the pupils some notes on the topic that has just been taught. He goes round to mark and he does the necessary corrections.