SIMPLE FARM TOOLS
Subject:
Agricultural Science
Class:
SSS 1
Term:
Third Term / 3rd Term
Week:
Week 1
Topic:
SIMPLE FARM TOOLS
Previous Knowledge: The pupils have previous knowledge of
TYPES, COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF SOIL
that was taught in their previous lesson.
Behavioural Objectives : At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to
- Define simple machine
- Give examples of simple machines
- Say the types of simple machines
- Describe common popular uses of some farm tools
- Explain their general uses
- Maintenance of simple farm tools
Instructional Materials
- Wall charts
- Online Resource
- Textbooks
- Laptop
- Soil samples
Methods of Teaching
- Role modelling
- Questions and Answers
- Explanation
- Discussion
- Recitation
- Imitation
- Story Telling
- Dramatization
Content:
WEEK ONE
SIMPLE FARM TOOLS
CONTENT
- Examples of farm tools
- Description of simple farm tools
- Functions of tools
- Maintenance of simple farm tools
Farm tools are simple handy tools constructed by the farmer or local crafts men to carry out some basic farming operations. Farmers who grow crops and keep animals usually use some simple tools to help make their work easier and faster.
EXAMPLES OF FARM TOOLS
| 1. | Cutlass | 2. | Hoe | 3. | Bolt and nut | 4. | Shovel | 5. | Garden fork |
| 6. | Hand fork | 7. | Axe | 8. | Screw driver | 9. | Digger | 10. | Head pan |
| 11. | Spanner | 12. | Mallet | 13. | Budding knife | 14. | Plier | 15. | Harvesting knife |
| 16. | Crowbar | 17. | Sickle | 18. | Wheel barrow | 19. | Shear | 20. | Emasculator |
| 21. | Mattock | 22. | Hammer | 23. | Watering can | 24. | Chisel | 25. | Pruning saw |
| 26. | Secateurs | 27. | Rake | 28. | Hand trowel | 29. | Spade | 30. | Manure drag |
PRACTICAL/PROJECT: GET A DRAWING BOOK TO DRAW ALL 30 OF THE HIGHLIGHTED FARM TOOLS, WRITE A SHORT NOTE TO DESCRIBE THEM, STATE WAY(S) OF MAINTAINING THEM AND STATE THEIR USE(S).
DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONS OF SOME SELECTED TOOLS
- Cutlass: This is a short metal blade tool some with curve end and a wooden or handle made of rubber. The cutlass is commonly used for land clearing, planting, weeding, and for cutting small trunks and pegs.
- Spade & Shovel: this has a long wooden handle ending with flat metal blade that is sharp at one end and the other D-shaped to allow for proper handling. It is used for digging the soil, spreading manure, turning and mixing the soil. Shovel blade is folded to give a scoop shape.
- Garden Fork: this tool has four prongs or teeth made of hard metal that tapers to a point. The hard metal is about 20cm long, mounted on a long wooden handle of about 70-80cm in length. It is used mainly for digging, loosening, breaking the soil.
- Secateurs: is a scissors like shaped tool consisting of two short metal blades one with a concave curve and the other with a convex curve joined at a pivot with bolt and nut. It possesses two metal short wooden or metal handles with a spring in between. Mainly used for preparing stem cutting and pruning small branches of hard wooded plants for watering crops especially seedlings and flowers.
- Emasculator: this consists of a pair of powerful pincers with plastic or metal handles. It is use to castrate male animals by rushing their spermatid cord
GENERAL MAINTENANCE OF FARM TOOLS
Farm tools are made of metal or wood which are strong, these tools still need very good care so that they are always suitable for use in farming. The following are ways to ensure that they are used optimally:
- Keep in a store free of termites (for tools with wooden parts).
- Oil or grease metal parts
- If it is to be stored for long, paint metal parts
- Sharpen blunt edges regularly to get optimum result.
- Clean or wash after each use.
- Keep nozzles free from blockage.
Presentation :
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1: The class teacher revises the old topic
Step 2: The class teacher introduces the new topic
Step 3: The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and gives room for pupils” participation
Class Teacher and Pupils Activities. Interaction or Participation
This involves class teacher and pupils’ interaction, conversation, imitation or modeling through discussion, play method or just by recitation or asking and answering questions that are related to the topic that has just been taught.
EVALUATION QUESTIONS
Objectives
1. Which of these farm tools is used for weeding?A. Cutlass B. Watering can C. Rake
2. Which of these farm tools is used for digging, loosening and breaking the soil?
A. Secateurs B. Hand towel C. Garden fork
3. Which of these farm tools is used for transplanting of seedling? A. Go-to-hell B. Shears C. Hand Towel
4. Which of these farm tools is used for harvesting rice? A. Shears B. Sickle C. Ranging pole
5. Rubbing farm tools with oil prevent ____. A.rustingB. raking C. wear and tear D. decay
Theory
1. How do you prevent termites from attacking the tools with wooden handle?
2. How do you prevent rusting of the metal parts of the tools?
3.Enumerate five general maintenance practices of agricultural tools.
4. (i) Make a list of five simple tools that can be used for pruning or trimming
(ii) State two (2) methods of maintaining each of them.
5. (i) Enumerate five harvesting tools (ii) Mention a crop that each toll can be used to harvest. (iii) state two (2) methods of maintaining each of the tools
6. List seven types of farm tools used for post planting activities.
7. How can we maintain simple farm tools?
Conclusion :
The class teacher concludes the lesson by giving the pupils some notes on the topic that has just been taught. He goes round to mark and he does the necessary corrections.