The Human Circulatory System Basic Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary/Basic 6
Term: First Term
Week: 5
Age: 11 years
Topic: The Human Circulatory System
Sub-Topic: Blood Vessels; Circulation of Blood
Duration: 2 hours

Behavioral Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to:

1. Name and identify blood vessels and state their functions.
2. Differentiate among arteries, veins, and capillaries.
3. Describe how food and materials are distributed to different parts of the body by blood.
4. Draw and label blood vessels.

Keywords:

• Blood Vessels
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
• Circulation

Set Induction:

Start by discussing the journey of a drop of blood through the body, showing how it travels through different types of blood vessels. Use a simple analogy, such as water flowing through pipes, to explain how blood flows through arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Entry Behavior:

Students should be familiar with the basic structure of the heart from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Diagrams of blood vessels
• Images of the circulatory system
• Whiteboard and markers
• Paper and colored pencils for drawing

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Link the lesson to the previous topic on the heart, explaining how the heart works with blood vessels to circulate blood throughout the body.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Observation
• Drawing
• Differentiation
• Description

Learning Materials:

• Diagrams and images of blood vessels
• Models or 3D circulatory system models (if available)

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Basic Science Textbook for Primary 6

Instructional Materials:

• Whiteboard
• Markers
• Drawing paper
• Colored pencils

Content:

1. Blood Vessels:
   • Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body. They have thick, elastic walls to handle high pressure.
   • Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. They have thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow.
   • Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with cells. They connect arteries and veins.
2. Circulation of Blood:
   • Systemic Circulation: Blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body and back.
   • Pulmonary Circulation: Blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back, allowing for oxygen exchange.
3. Distribution of Materials:
   • Blood transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells. The circulatory system ensures that every part of the body receives what it needs to function properly.
4. Drawing Blood Vessels:
   • Draw a simple diagram showing arteries, veins, and capillaries connected to the heart.
   • Label each type of blood vessel and indicate their functions.

Questions:

1. Arteries carry ______ blood from the heart to the body. (a) oxygenated, (b) deoxygenated, (c) waste, (d) nutrient-rich
2. Veins return blood to the ______. (a) lungs, (b) brain, (c) heart, (d) liver
3. Capillaries are ______ blood vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs. (a) large, (b) medium-sized, (c) tiny, (d) thick
4. The aorta is an example of an ______. (a) artery, (b) vein, (c) capillary, (d) nerve
5. Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow between the heart and the ______. (a) kidneys, (b) muscles, (c) lungs, (d) stomach
6. The function of veins is to carry blood ______ to the heart. (a) away, (b) to, (c) through, (d) around
7. Arteries have ______ walls to withstand high pressure. (a) thin, (b) thick, (c) porous, (d) soft
8. Capillaries connect ______ and veins. (a) arteries, (b) nerves, (c) muscles, (d) veins
9. Deoxygenated blood is carried by veins from the body back to the ______. (a) stomach, (b) lungs, (c) heart, (d) brain
10. Nutrients and oxygen are exchanged in the ______. (a) arteries, (b) veins, (c) capillaries, (d) aorta
11. The right atrium receives ______ blood from the body. (a) oxygenated, (b) deoxygenated, (c) nutrient-rich, (d) waste-filled
12. The left ventricle pumps ______ blood to the rest of the body. (a) deoxygenated, (b) oxygenated, (c) waste, (d) nutrient-rich
13. Capillaries are very ______ and allow for efficient exchange. (a) large, (b) narrow, (c) thick, (d) short
14. Arteries carry blood ______ from the heart. (a) to, (b) through, (c) away, (d) around
15. Veins have ______ to prevent the backflow of blood. (a) valves, (b) muscles, (c) arteries, (d) capillaries

Class Activity Discussion :

1. Q: What is the function of arteries?
   A: To carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body.
2. Q: How do veins differ from arteries?
   A: Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and have thinner walls and valves compared to arteries.
3. Q: What are capillaries and what is their role?
   A: Capillaries are tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with cells.
4. Q: How does systemic circulation work?
   A: Blood flows from the heart to the rest of the body and then back to the heart.
5. Q: What does pulmonary circulation involve?
   A: Blood flow between the heart and the lungs for oxygen exchange.
6. Q: Why do arteries have thick walls?
   A: To handle the high pressure of blood being pumped from the heart.
7. Q: What prevents backflow of blood in veins?
   A: Valves in the veins.
8. Q: How do capillaries connect arteries and veins?
   A: They serve as the bridge where nutrient and gas exchange occurs.
9. Q: What is the role of the aorta in the circulatory system?
   A: To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body.
10. Q: What type of blood do veins carry?
    A: Deoxygenated blood.
11. Q: How do capillaries facilitate the exchange of materials?
    A: By being very narrow and close to body cells.
12. Q: What happens in the lungs during pulmonary circulation?
    A: Blood exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen.
13. Q: How does the heart manage blood pressure?
    A: By pumping blood through arteries and veins.
14. Q: What is the purpose of the valves in veins?
    A: To ensure blood flows in one direction towards the heart.
15. Q: How does blood return to the heart from the body?
    A: Through the veins.

Presentation:

1. Introduction:
   • Discuss the types and functions of blood vessels using diagrams.
2. Activity:
   • Label a diagram of blood vessels on the whiteboard.
   • Have students draw and label their own diagrams.
3. Practical Application:
   • Demonstrate blood circulation using a model or diagram.
4. Review:
   • Summarize the functions of different blood vessels and the process of blood circulation.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain and illustrate the types of blood vessels.
• Guide students in drawing and labeling blood vessels.
• Facilitate a discussion on how blood circulates through the body.

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in discussions and activities.
• Draw and label blood vessels.
• Answer questions and complete fill-in-the-blank exercises.

Assessment:

• Evaluate students’ diagrams and labeling for accuracy.
• Review their understanding through the fill-in-the-blank questions and FAQs.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What are the three types of blood vessels?
2. Describe the function of arteries.
3. How do veins differ from arteries in structure and function?
4. What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system?
5. Explain how blood circulates through the body.
6. What is the purpose of blood vessel valves?
7. How does the aorta contribute to blood circulation?
8. Describe the process of pulmonary circulation.
9. What materials are transported by blood to different parts of the body?
10. Why are capillaries important for nutrient and gas exchange?

Conclusion:

• Recap the functions of blood vessels and the circulation of blood.
• Review each student’s drawing and labeling of blood vessels.
• Provide feedback and answer any remaining questions.