The Human Circulatory System Basic Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5
Subject :
Basic Science and Technology
Term :
First Term
Week:
Week 10
Class :
Primary 6/ Basic 6
Previous lesson :
The pupils have previous knowledge of Improving Crops Yield
Topic :
The Human Circulatory System
Specific Behavioural objectives :
At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
- define the circulatory system
- recognize the human heart and the vessels
- write out the function of the heart and the blood vessels
- explain the process of the circulation of blood vessels
- draw and label the chambers of the heart
Instructional Materials :
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
Methods of Teaching :
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
Reference Materials :
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
- Workbooks
Content Development :
The heart is the pumping station of the body .
The heart starts function right from birth and does not go on vacation or stops until death .
The heart is made up of special muscles that pump blood round the body.
The blood is the transportation system of the body.
The blood transports nutrients and oxygen through out the whole body.
The Heart are specially created that they contain four parts or chambers .
These four chambers of the heart are namely :
(i) Right auricle
(ii) Left auricle
(iii) Right ventricle
(iv) Left ventricle
The muscular walls of the ventricles are thicker and more muscular than that of the auricles.
Functions of the Heart
The functions of the heart include the following:
(j) The major function of the heart is to pump blood to all parts of the body.
(ii) It also keeps blood in continuous flow round the body.
Blood Vessels
Blood vessels are tubes through which blood moves round the body. These
vessels are; arteries, veins, and capillaries and they have various functions in
the body. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood
towards the heart.
Capillaries join arteries to the veins.
i) Arteries: These are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
That is, blood flows from the heart to all parts of the body through arteries.
ii) Veins: These are blood vessels that carry blood from other parts of the
body to the heart.
iii) Capillaries: They are the tiny network of blood vessels that connect the
veins to the arteries. They carry blood between arteries and veins.
Blood Circulation
The circulatory system is the route by which blood moves round the body. It is
made up of the heart blood, and blood Vessels.
Functions of the blood circulatory system
The blood circulatory system in the human body has several functions. They
are as follows:
Transport
1. The blood system carries oxygen, absorbed into the blood in the lungs, to all
the living cells in all parts of the body.
2. The blood system carries food substances, after digestion, from the
alimentary canal to all the living cells in the body.
3. The blood system carries the white blood corpuscles to all parts of the body
where they defend the body against infection.
4. The blood system carries antibodies all round the body. The antibodies
defend the body against infection.
5. The blood system carries waste products, such as carbon dioxide, urea,
water and excess salts from living cells where they are produced to the parts
of the body, such as the lungs and kidneys where they are removed.
Defense of the body against infection
When disease-causing organisms enter the human body, the white blood cells
attack and swallow them, or produce chemicals called antibodies that kill the
disease-causing organisms.
Blood clotting
By clotting at the point of an injury, the blood protects the body against
further loss of blood.
Distribution of heat
Some parts of the body, e.g. the muscles produce more heat than others. The
blood circulatory system distributes heat evenly throughout the body.
There are two types of blood circulation in the body. These are: Pulmonary
circulation and Systemic circulation.
(i) Pulmonary Circulation· This is one in which blood flows from the heart to
the lungs and back to the heart.
(ii) Systemic Circulation: This is one in which blood is pumped from the heart
to the other parts of the body and back to the heart.
The right auricle and ventricle contains blood with less oxygen and more
carbon dioxide. The left auricle and ventricle contains blood with more
oxygen that comes from the lungs.
The heart is filled with blood, as a result of the relaxation of the involuntary
muscles of the heart called cardiac muscle. When the muscles of the heart
contract, it (the heart) pumps blood out through the right and left ventricles
into the pulmonary arteries and aorta respectively.
The blood in the pulmonary arteries goes to the lungs and the blood in the
aorta goes to other parts of the body.
The presence of valves prevent the blood from flowing back to the heart.:
When the heart is relaxed, blood returns to the heart from the veins through
vena-cava to the right auricles and through the pulmonary veins to the left
auricles.
The blood that moves into the body cells is more oxygenated because
the blood flows by the indication of the arrows.
Functions of the arteries and veins
The arteries carry blood away from the heart and the veins carry blood
towards the heart.
Functions of the capillary blood vessels
If blood were to flow all the time within the blood vessels, it would not be of
much use to the body. The capillaries have thin walls through which the liquid
part of the blood can diffuse out of the blood vessels to reach the living cells in
the various organs. In this way, the capillaries make it possible for the cells of
the body to be supplied with food, water, oxygen and all other essentials. They
are also useful in the removal of waste products from the cells
Differences between arteries and veins
Arteries Veins
1. They carry blood away from the heart. They carry blood towards the heart .
2. They have thick elastic walls. They have thin, not very elastic
walls.
3. They carry blood that contain they carry blood in which
(except the pulmonary vein)
oxygen (except the pulmonary oxygen has been used up artery
4. Pressure of blood in the vessels is high Pressure of blood in the vessels is
low.
5. They do not have valves. They have valves to prevent the back-flow
of blood.
6. Arteries are located deeper in the Veins are located nearer the flesh
surface of the body than arteries. than veins.
7 Pulse is detectable. Pulse is usually not detectable
1. Four Functions of the Heart: a) Pumping oxygen-rich blood to the body. b) Pumping oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation. c) Maintaining blood circulation. d) Regulating blood flow to meet the body’s needs.
2. Blood Vessels That Return Blood to the Heart: Veins return blood to the heart.
3. Two Types of Circulation: a) Systemic Circulation: Oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the heart to the body’s tissues and back to the heart. b) Pulmonary Circulation: Oxygen-poor blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
4. Components of Human Blood: Human blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
5. Four Chambers of the Human Heart: The four chambers of the human heart are the left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle.
6. Path of Blood Circulation in the Human Body: Blood is pumped from the heart through arteries to body tissues, where oxygen and nutrients are delivered. Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart through veins. Blood goes to the lungs for oxygenation and returns to the heart. The cycle repeats.
7. Functions of the Human Heart: The heart pumps blood, supplying oxygen and nutrients to body tissues, and removes waste products. It also regulates blood flow, ensuring proper circulation.
8. Differences Between Arteries and Veins (Four): a) Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, while veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. b) Arteries have thick, muscular walls; veins have thinner walls. c) Arteries usually have a pulsating flow of blood; veins have a steady flow. d) Arteries have higher blood pressure compared to veins.
9. Importance of Blood Capillaries: Blood capillaries are essential for exchanging oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and body tissues. They facilitate the exchange of substances needed for tissue function
- The heart has ______ functions in the human body. a) one b) two c) three d) four
- Veins are blood vessels that return blood ______ the heart. a) away from b) to c) from d) toward
- The two main types of circulation are ______ and ______ circulation. a) lung, stomach b) systemic, pulmonary c) brain, kidney d) heart, liver
- Human blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and ______. a) water b) air c) plasma d) food
- The four chambers of the human heart are the left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and ______. a) nose b) right ventricle c) stomach d) liver
- Blood circulates through the human body along a ______ path. a) zigzag b) circular c) straight d) complex
- The human heart functions by pumping blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to ______. a) the brain only b) the heart only c) body tissues d) the stomach only
- Arteries and veins have several differences, including their ______, ______, and ______. a) size, color, shape b) location, speed, function c) thickness, blood pressure, and function d) age, length, and function
- Blood capillaries are important because they allow the exchange of ______ between blood and body tissues. a) gases, nutrients, and waste b) colors, shapes, and sizes c) books, pencils, and toys d) birds, cats, and dogs
- The heart has ______ main functions. a) one b) two c) three d) four
- Veins return blood ______ the heart. a) away from b) to c) from d) toward
- The two types of circulation are systemic and ______ circulation. a) brain b) stomach c) pulmonary d) kidney
- Human blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and ______. a) air b) water c) plasma d) food
- The four chambers of the human heart are left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and ______. a) right nose b) right lung c) right leg d) right ventricle
- Blood circulates through the human body following a ______ path. a) zigzag b) circular c) straight d) complex
Presentation
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1:
The class teacher revises the previous topics
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise
Conclusion
The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.
The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.
He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.
Evaluation
1. Draw and label the human heart ?
2. State four functions of the heart ?
3. Which blood vessels return blood to the heart ?
4. Mention two types of circulation ?
5. List the things that make up the human blood.
6. Name the four chambers that make up the human heart.
7. Describe the paths along which blood circulates round the human body.
8. Describe the functions of the human heart.
9 State four differences between arteries and veins.
10. Explain the importance of blood capillaries.
- The circulatory system is like our body’s __________ system. a) transportation b) communication c) digestive d) respiratory
- The heart is a strong __________ that pumps blood. a) organ b) bone c) muscle d) vessel
- Blood vessels are tiny __________ that carry blood. a) tubes b) wires c) ropes d) blankets
- Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood __________ from the heart. a) away b) toward c) to d) from
- Veins bring oxygen-poor blood back __________ the heart. a) to b) away from c) toward d) through
- Capillaries are tiny streets where the __________ of nutrients and waste happens. a) exchange b) storage c) collection d) digestion
- The heart pumps blood to all parts of our __________. a) body b) head c) stomach d) hand
- Blood flows out of the heart through __________. a) arteries b) bones c) skin d) eyes
- In tissues, oxygen and nutrients are given to __________. a) cells b) books c) cars d) houses
- Veins bring oxygen-poor blood back to the __________. a) brain b) stomach c) heart d) skin
- The heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the __________, where it gets fresh oxygen. a) brain b) liver c) lungs d) stomach
- The heart has four chambers: two upper chambers called __________ and two lower chambers called __________. a) lungs, stomachs b) atria, ventricles c) brains, kidneys d) eyes, ears
- The process of blood moving through our body is called __________. a) digestion b) circulation c) respiration d) communication
- Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood __________ the heart. a) to b) away from c) toward d) through
- Veins bring oxygen-poor blood back __________ the heart. a) to b) away from c) toward d) through
