Definitions and Types of Verbs Transitive, Intransitive, Auxiliary and Lexical, Regular and Irregular English Grammar JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 3
English Grammar JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes
Subject: Grammar
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 3
Age: 10-12 years
Topic: Verbs
Sub-topic: Definitions and Types of Verbs
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define what a verb is.
- Identify verbs in sentences.
- Describe and give examples of different types of verbs: transitive, intransitive, regular, irregular, auxiliary, and lexical.
Keywords:
- Verb
- Transitive
- Intransitive
- Regular
- Irregular
- Auxiliary
- Lexical
Set Induction:
Start by asking students to identify action words in a short story or sentence. Discuss how these words help us understand what is happening.
Entry Behaviour:
Students know basic sentence structure but need a deeper understanding of different types of verbs.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Whiteboard and markers
- Handouts with verb definitions and examples
- Sample sentences
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Students have encountered verbs in sentences but may not be familiar with different types and their functions.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Critical thinking
- Sentence construction
- Vocabulary development
Reference Books:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- English grammar textbooks for JSS 1
Instructional Materials:
- Whiteboard for definitions and examples
- Handouts with verb types
- Example sentences
Content:
1. Definition of Verbs
- Verb: A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.
- Example: “run,” “is,” “become.”
2. Types of Verbs
- Transitive Verbs: Require an object to complete their meaning.
- Example: “She reads a book.” (The verb “reads” needs an object “a book” to make sense.)
- Intransitive Verbs: Do not require an object to complete their meaning.
- Example: “He sleeps.” (The verb “sleeps” does not need an object.)
- Regular Verbs: Follow a predictable pattern in their past tense and past participle forms.
- Example: “walk” → “walked” → “walked.”
- Irregular Verbs: Do not follow a predictable pattern in their past tense and past participle forms.
- Example: “go” → “went” → “gone.”
- Auxiliary Verbs: Help to form different tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs.
- Example: “have,” “be,” “do.”
- Example Sentence: “She has been studying.”
- Lexical Verbs: Main verbs that carry the primary meaning in a sentence.
- Example: “run,” “eat,” “play.”
- Example Sentence: “They play football.”
15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:
- A verb that does not need an object is called a(n) ____.
a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
c) Regular
d) Auxiliary - The verb in “She writes a letter” is ____.
a) Intransitive
b) Regular
c) Auxiliary
d) Transitive - “Eat” is an example of a(n) ____.
a) Regular Verb
b) Irregular Verb
c) Auxiliary Verb
d) Lexical Verb - The past tense of “go” is ____.
a) Goes
b) Gone
c) Went
d) Going - An example of a verb that needs an object is ____.
a) Sleep
b) Laugh
c) Read
d) Arrive - The verb “be” is an example of a(n) ____.
a) Lexical Verb
b) Regular Verb
c) Auxiliary Verb
d) Irregular Verb - “Walked” is the past tense of which type of verb?
a) Irregular
b) Transitive
c) Regular
d) Intransitive - In “She has been teaching,” “has been” are ____.
a) Lexical Verbs
b) Auxiliary Verbs
c) Regular Verbs
d) Irregular Verbs - A verb like “become” is an example of a(n) ____.
a) Regular Verb
b) Auxiliary Verb
c) Intransitive Verb
d) Lexical Verb - The verb “cut” is ____.
a) Regular
b) Irregular
c) Auxiliary
d) Transitive - The verb “run” in “They run every day” is an example of ____.
a) Transitive
b) Intransitive
c) Regular
d) Auxiliary - In the sentence “She eats cake,” the verb “eats” is ____.
a) Auxiliary
b) Intransitive
c) Regular
d) Lexical - The verb “study” is ____.
a) Auxiliary
b) Transitive
c) Irregular
d) Lexical - “Have” in “They have completed the task” is a(n) ____.
a) Lexical Verb
b) Regular Verb
c) Auxiliary Verb
d) Intransitive Verb - The verb “arrive” in “We arrive at 6 PM” is ____.
a) Intransitive
b) Transitive
c) Regular
d) Auxiliary
Structure –function of verbs
Content
A verb is a word that tells or asserts something about a person or thing. Verbs comes from the Latin, verbum, a word. It is so called because it is the most important word in a sentence.
Functions of verbs
A verb may tell us:
- What a person or thing does; as, Anthony laughs.
The clock strikes.
- What is done to a person or thing; Harry is scolded.
The window is broken.
- What a person or thing is; as The cat is dead.
I feel sorry.
Glass is brittle
A verb is a word used to tell or assert something about some person or thing.
A verb often consists of more than one word as,
The girls were singing.
I have learnt my lesson
The watch has been found.
Auxiliary verbs
These are helping verbs. They can not stand on their own. They help to form the tenses of verbs e.g
I have written it
She has done it
They are going
They were going
She is dancing
Modal Auxiliaries
These express ideas such as possibility, probability, ability, certainty, willingness, obligation, permission, necessity, request, compulsion etc.
Examples
I can carry the load (ability)
We may see tomorrow (probability)
I must do the assignment (certainty)
They will come (possibility)
You must do your assignment now (compulsion)
You can go there. (permission)
Evaluation:
Say the function of each of the underlined verb in each of the sentences below.
Harry is tall
Bola sings
Olawale was singing
I can swim
You may go home
Reading Assignment
Class Activity Discussion
- What is a verb?
A verb expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. - What are transitive verbs?
Verbs that require an object to complete their meaning. - Give an example of an intransitive verb.
“Sleep” is an example as it does not need an object. - What is the difference between regular and irregular verbs?
Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern in past tense, while irregular verbs do not. - What are auxiliary verbs?
Verbs that help form different tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs. - Can you provide examples of lexical verbs?
Examples include “run,” “eat,” and “play.” - How do you identify a transitive verb?
Look for a verb that requires an object to make sense. - What is the past tense of “go”?
“Went.” - Why are auxiliary verbs important?
They help in forming various tenses and grammatical structures. - What is an irregular verb?
A verb that does not follow the regular pattern of conjugation. - Can a verb be both transitive and intransitive?
No, a verb is either transitive or intransitive based on its usage in a sentence. - What type of verb is “eat”?
It is a lexical verb and can be both transitive and intransitive. - How do regular verbs form their past tense?
By adding “-ed” to the base form. - What is a lexical verb?
A main verb that carries the primary meaning in a sentence. - What is the role of auxiliary verbs in a sentence?
They help form complex verb phrases and modify tenses and aspects.
Present tense is a verb that refers to the present time is said to be in the present tense.
Examples
I write letters to him.
I run errands for my mother
We pray together every morning
Many types so fast
She goes to School.
More verbs (Present tense)
Present Tense Past Tense
Broad cast broadcast
Rid rid
Split split
Burst burst
Destroy destroyed
Hand (put to death) hanged
Flow flowed
Fund funded
Shine shone
Present Tense Past Tense
Win Won
Deal dealt
Wear wore
Creep crept
Weave wove
Mean meant
Evaluation
Pick five present verbs and make a sentence with each of them
Reading Assignment: Student’s Companion p.88
Present Tense
Reference
English Grammar for J.S.S pages 35 – 40
Presentation:
Step 1: Introduce the definition of verbs and their role in sentences.
Step 2: Explain the different types of verbs with examples.
Step 3: Conduct exercises to identify and use different types of verbs.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Define verbs and explain their types.
- Provide examples and lead class discussions.
- Assist students with exercises and answer questions.
Learners’ Activities:
- Identify verbs in sentences.
- Classify verbs into types.
- Complete fill-in-the-blank questions and participate in discussions.
Assessment:
- Check students’ ability to identify and classify verbs.
- Review their answers to fill-in-the-blank questions.
- Provide feedback on their understanding of verb types.
Ten Evaluation Questions:
- What is a verb?
- Give an example of a transitive verb.
- How does a regular verb differ from an irregular verb?
- What are auxiliary verbs used for?
- Provide an example of an intransitive verb.
- What is the past tense of “swim”?
- Describe a lexical verb with an example.
- How can you identify a transitive verb in a sentence?
- What is the role of verbs in sentence construction?
- Provide examples of both regular and irregular verbs.
Conclusion:
The teacher will review the key points about verbs and their types. Students will complete practice exercises to reinforce their understanding.