Lesson Plan: Forms of Farm Animals Based on Functions, Uses, or Food Supply

Subject: Agricultural Science

Term: Second Term

Week: 7

Class: JSS 1 (Year 7)

Average Age: 10, 11, or 12 years

---

Lesson Objectives

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Mention various forms of farm animals based on their stomach formation.
2. Identify the characteristics of ruminant farm animals.
3. Differentiate between ruminant and non-ruminant animals.
4. Classify farm animals based on their feeding patterns.

---

Keywords

• Ruminants
• Non-ruminants
• Monogastric
• Polygastric
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Omnivores
• Regurgitation

---

Instructional Materials

• Wall charts showing different types of farm animals.
• Textbooks with diagrams of ruminant and non-ruminant stomachs.
• Pictures of animals on cardboard.
• Flashcards with different animal classifications.

---

Lesson Content

Classification of Farm Animals Based on Stomach Type

Farm animals can be classified into two groups based on the type of stomachs they have:

1. Ruminants (Polygastrics)
2. Non-Ruminants (Monogastrics)

1. Ruminants (Polygastrics)

• Ruminants are animals that chew the cud.
• They bring back food from their stomach to their mouth for proper chewing (Regurgitation).
• They have a complex stomach with four compartments, namely:
  1. Rumen – The largest part, where food is temporarily stored.
  2. Reticulum – Helps in regurgitation of food.
  3. Omasum – Absorbs water and minerals.
  4. Abomasum – The “true stomach,” where digestion takes place.
• Ruminants can digest high-fiber plant materials due to the presence of bacteria in their stomach.
• Examples of Ruminants: Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Camel, Donkey.

Evaluation Questions (Ruminants)

1. Mention two characteristics of ruminants.
2. Explain the term “chewing the cud.”
3. List the four stomach compartments of a ruminant.

---

2. Non-Ruminants (Monogastrics)

• Non-ruminants have a simple stomach with only one compartment.
• They do not chew the cud and have a different digestive process.
• Examples of Non-Ruminants: Rabbit, Pig, Guinea Pig, Horse, Poultry Birds.

Pseudo-Ruminants

• Some animals, like the horse, eat large amounts of roughages but do not have a multi-chambered stomach.
• They have an enlarged caecum that helps them digest fiber.

Evaluation Questions (Non-Ruminants)

1. What are monogastrics?
2. Mention three examples of monogastric animals.

---

Classification of Farm Animals Based on Feeding Pattern

Farm animals can also be classified based on what they eat:

1. Herbivores (Plant Eaters)

• These animals feed on grasses, chaff, yam, cassava peels, and forages.
• Their teeth are adapted for grinding plant material.
• Examples: Cattle, Sheep, Goat, Horse, Camel, Donkey, Rabbit.

2. Carnivores (Meat Eaters)

• These animals feed on flesh.
• They have sharp teeth to tear meat.
• Examples: Cats, Dogs, Lions, Tigers, Leopards.

3. Omnivores (Both Plant and Meat Eaters)

• These animals feed on both plants and animal materials.
• Examples: Pigs, Guinea Pigs, Poultry Birds.

Evaluation Questions (Feeding Pattern)

1. Classify farm animals based on their mode of feeding.
2. Give three examples of herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.

---

15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Multiple Choice Options)

1. Ruminants are animals that _______ the cud.
   a) Swallow
   b) Chew
   c) Digest
   d) Regurgitate

2. The process of bringing back swallowed food for further chewing is called _______.
   a) Digestion
   b) Regurgitation
   c) Swallowing
   d) Fermentation

3. The four compartments of a ruminant’s stomach include the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and _______.
   a) Abomasum
   b) Colon
   c) Liver
   d) Caecum

4. Non-ruminant animals are also called _______.
   a) Polygastric
   b) Monogastric
   c) Herbivores
   d) Carnivores

5. Which of the following is NOT a ruminant?
   a) Cow
   b) Goat
   c) Pig
   d) Sheep

6. The largest part of a ruminant’s stomach is the _______.
   a) Reticulum
   b) Abomasum
   c) Omasum
   d) Rumen

7. Which of the following animals is a monogastric?
   a) Sheep
   b) Cow
   c) Horse
   d) Goat

8. Herbivores mainly feed on _______.
   a) Meat
   b) Grass
   c) Both plants and meat
   d) Bones

9. Omnivores feed on _______.
   a) Only grass
   b) Only meat
   c) Both plants and meat
   d) Bones

10. Carnivores have _______ teeth for tearing flesh.
    a) Blunt
    b) Sharp
    c) Flat
    d) Square

11. The abomasum is also known as the _______ stomach.
    a) First
    b) Second
    c) True
    d) Third

12. The organ responsible for digesting fiber in pseudo-ruminants is the _______.
    a) Rumen
    b) Abomasum
    c) Caecum
    d) Liver

13. Ruminants can digest high-fiber food because of _______ in their stomach.
    a) Enzymes
    b) Bacteria
    c) Stomach acid
    d) Saliva

14. Pigs belong to which classification based on feeding pattern?
    a) Herbivores
    b) Carnivores
    c) Omnivores
    d) Ruminants

15. Which of the following animals is a ruminant?
    a) Cat
    b) Dog
    c) Goat
    d) Pig

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Forms of Farm Animals Based on Functions, Uses, or Food Supply

1. What are ruminant animals?

Answer: Ruminant animals are farm animals that have a complex stomach with four compartments (rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum). They chew the cud, meaning they regurgitate and re-chew their food for better digestion. Examples include cows, goats, and sheep.

2. Why do ruminants chew the cud?

Answer: Ruminants chew the cud to break down tough plant materials like grasses, making digestion easier. This process, called rumination, allows them to absorb more nutrients from their food.

3. What is regurgitation?

Answer: Regurgitation is the process where ruminant animals bring back partially digested food from their stomach (rumen) into their mouth for further chewing. This helps them digest high-fiber food efficiently.

4. What are the four compartments of a ruminant’s stomach, and what are their functions?

Answer:

1. Rumen – Stores swallowed food and starts fermentation.
2. Reticulum – Traps foreign objects and aids in regurgitation.
3. Omasum – Absorbs water and nutrients.
4. Abomasum – The “true stomach” where digestion occurs using stomach enzymes.

5. What is the function of the rumen in ruminants?

Answer: The rumen is the largest stomach compartment where food is stored and broken down by bacteria and microbes. It helps digest fibrous plant materials like grass.

6. How is a non-ruminant’s stomach different from a ruminant’s stomach?

Answer:

• Ruminants have a complex stomach with four compartments.
• Non-ruminants have a simple stomach with only one compartment.
• Ruminants chew the cud, while non-ruminants do not.

7. What are non-ruminant animals?

Answer: Non-ruminant animals, also called monogastric animals, have a simple stomach with one compartment. They do not chew the cud. Examples include pigs, rabbits, horses, and poultry birds.

8. What are herbivores, and what do they eat?

Answer: Herbivores are animals that feed only on plant materials such as grass, leaves, and hay. Examples include cows, goats, sheep, and rabbits.

9. What are carnivores, and what do they eat?

Answer: Carnivores are animals that feed mainly on meat. They have sharp teeth for tearing flesh. Examples include lions, tigers, cats, and dogs.

10. What are omnivores, and what do they eat?

Answer: Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and meat. They have teeth adapted for chewing both plant materials and flesh. Examples include pigs, chickens, and guinea pigs.

11. What is a pseudo-ruminant animal?

Answer: A pseudo-ruminant is an animal that eats large amounts of roughages (like grass) but does not have a four-compartment stomach like true ruminants. Instead, they have an enlarged caecum that helps digest fiber. Examples include horses and rabbits.

12. What is the main function of the abomasum in ruminants?

Answer: The abomasum is the true stomach of ruminants where digestive enzymes break down food completely before it enters the intestines for nutrient absorption.

13. How do herbivores digest fiber in their food?

Answer: Herbivores digest fiber with the help of bacteria and microbes in their digestive system, especially in the rumen (for ruminants) or the caecum (for pseudo-ruminants like horses).

14. What is the difference between a ruminant and a pseudo-ruminant?

Answer:

• Ruminants have a four-compartment stomach and chew the cud (e.g., cows, goats).
• Pseudo-ruminants have a simple stomach but an enlarged caecum that helps digest fiber (e.g., horses, rabbits).

15. How do omnivores benefit from eating both plants and animals?

Answer: Omnivores can survive in different environments because they can eat a variety of foods. This flexibility helps them get a balanced diet with proteins from meat and vitamins from plants.

---

Evaluation Questions

1. What are ruminant animals?
2. Why do ruminants chew the cud?
3. What is regurgitation?
4. Name the four compartments of a ruminant stomach.
5. What is the function of the rumen?
6. How is a non-ruminant’s stomach different from a ruminant’s?
7. Give three examples of ruminants.
8. Give three examples of monogastric animals.
9. What are herbivores?
10. What are omnivores?
11. What are carnivores?
12. Why do omnivores eat both plants and meat?
13. What is a pseudo-ruminant?
14. Give one example of a pseudo-ruminant animal.
15. How do herbivores digest fiber?

---

Conclusion

• The teacher marks the students’ work and provides feedback.
• Corrections are made where necessary.
• The lesson is summarized and reinforced with further explanations.