Crafting Effective Introductions, Bodies, and Conclusions Composition English Grammar JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

English Grammar JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes

Subject: Composition
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 2
Age: 10-12 years
Topic: Elements of Composition
Sub-topic: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion
Duration: 40 Minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify and describe the three main elements of a composition: introduction, body, and conclusion.
2. Write a short composition incorporating these elements.
3. Organize their writing clearly with a structured introduction, body, and conclusion.

Keywords:

• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion
• Composition

Set Induction:

The teacher will start by discussing what makes a good story or essay and ask students to think about how they start, develop, and finish their writing.

Entry Behaviour:

Students have basic knowledge of writing but need to understand the structure of a composition more clearly.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Sample compositions
• Whiteboard and markers
• Writing worksheets

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students are familiar with basic writing but may not fully understand how to structure a composition effectively.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Writing
• Organization
• Critical thinking

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• English Composition textbooks for JSS 1

Instructional Materials:

• Examples of compositions
• Worksheets for practice
• Whiteboard for explanations

Content:

1. Introduction

• Definition: The introduction is the beginning part of a composition where the writer introduces the main topic or idea.
• Purpose: To grab the reader’s attention and provide a preview of what the composition will cover.
• Example: “Last summer, I went on an exciting adventure to the mountains. This trip was one of the most memorable experiences of my life.”

2. Body

• Definition: The body is the main part of the composition where the writer develops the topic with details, explanations, and examples.
• Purpose: To provide the main content, supporting details, and explanations that build on the introduction.
• Example: “The journey to the mountains was filled with breathtaking views. We hiked through dense forests, saw waterfalls, and enjoyed the fresh mountain air.”

3. Conclusion

• Definition: The conclusion is the final part of the composition where the writer summarizes the main points and wraps up the discussion.
• Purpose: To provide a closing statement and leave a lasting impression on the reader.
• Example: “In conclusion, my trip to the mountains was an unforgettable adventure. The experiences and memories will stay with me forever.”

15 Fill-in-the-blank Questions:

1. The __________ introduces the main topic of a composition.
   a) Body
   b) Conclusion
   c) Introduction
   d) Title
2. The __________ is where the writer develops the main idea with details.
   a) Introduction
   b) Body
   c) Conclusion
   d) Header
3. In the __________, the writer summarizes and wraps up the composition.
   a) Conclusion
   b) Body
   c) Introduction
   d) Outline
4. An example of an introduction might be: “Last summer, I went on an __________ adventure to the mountains.”
   a) exciting
   b) boring
   c) ordinary
   d) simple
5. The __________ provides details and explanations about the topic.
   a) Conclusion
   b) Introduction
   c) Body
   d) Summary
6. The __________ should grab the reader’s attention.
   a) Introduction
   b) Body
   c) Conclusion
   d) Heading
7. The __________ should leave a lasting impression on the reader.
   a) Body
   b) Introduction
   c) Conclusion
   d) Middle
8. “We hiked through dense forests and saw waterfalls” is an example of a detail in the __________.
   a) Introduction
   b) Body
   c) Conclusion
   d) Title
9. The __________ is where you give your final thoughts and summary.
   a) Introduction
   b) Conclusion
   c) Body
   d) Explanation
10. A good __________ helps the reader understand what the composition is about.
    a) Conclusion
    b) Introduction
    c) Body
    d) Summary
11. “The journey to the mountains was filled with breathtaking views” belongs in the __________.
    a) Conclusion
    b) Body
    c) Introduction
    d) Title
12. The __________ connects the introduction to the conclusion.
    a) Body
    b) Heading
    c) Introduction
    d) Footer
13. A __________ should provide the main content and details of the composition.
    a) Introduction
    b) Conclusion
    c) Body
    d) Title
14. The __________ should clearly state the main idea of the composition.
    a) Introduction
    b) Conclusion
    c) Body
    d) Heading
15. “In conclusion, my trip to the mountains was unforgettable” is an example of a __________.
    a) Body
    b) Title
    c) Conclusion
    d) Introduction

Elements of Composition: Introduction, Body and Conclusion

Structure of an Essay

The creation of an essay requires a lot of knowledge from the writer,but the first thing to know and to remember is the peculiarity of the essay’s structure. Each and every essay is written according to a basic structure that does not change: introduction and  the body followed by a conclusion. The structure is the core of each paper that helps the writer to make a very well founded written construct. In order to compose an essay accurately, the way it should be, it is necessary to keep in mind the main hints concerning the contents of the essay structure elements.

Basic essay structure

1. INTRODUCTION : An introduction does not need to be long (and should not be), but it is an important part of an essay. A weak introduction can cause readers to lose interest in your essay from the start, whereas a strong introduction will engage your readers and make them want to continue reading. Of course, the introduction is the first part of your essay that your audience will read, and it’s important to make a good first impression. 

 An introduction needs to do three things:

1. To spark the interest of readers
2. To move readers gracefully toward the thesis statement.
3. To present the thesis statement of the essay.

How to write a good introduction with samples

1. Begin with Background or Historical Information

Example: Theft is not a new crime. 

Throughout history, unscrupulous individuals have pretended to be people they are not, often with the goal of political, social, or financial gain. With the right appearance and demeanor, people have falsely presented themselves as kings and bishops. Today, in our information age, identity theft is a far more prevalent problem. With access to names, Social Security numbers, and other personal information, thieves are able to steal identities, leaving the victims struggle to clear their good names. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime.

1. Begin with a Quotation 

Example: Theft is not a new crime. 

In Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago claims that he “who steals my purse steals trash / . . . But he that fiches from me my good name / Robs me of that which not enriches him, / And makes me poor indeed” (3.3.157-161). Today, identity theft is a new way that thieves steal both the “purses” and the good names of innocent victims, and these thieves are enriching themselves at the expense of their victims. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime.

1. Begin with an Interesting or Surprising Fact

Example:Theft is not a new crime. 

Fraud is the fastest growing crime in the United States. In 2004, over nine million Americans, or approximately one person in 24, became victims of identity fraud or identity theft, at a cost to the economy of 52.6 billion dollars (“2005 Identity Fraud Survey Report”). Because many cases of identity fraud and identity theft may go unreported, the numbers could be even higher. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to helpput an end to this crime.

1. Begin with a Definition of an Important Term: 

Example: Theft is not a new crime. 

Our identity is what makes us unique. It is “the distinguishing character or personality of an individual,” and when one is a victim of identity theft, it is this”distinguishing character” that is stolen: one’s name, address, Social Security number, employment history, credit history, and more. It therefore is no wonder that victims of identity theft often feel a deep sense of violation as they struggle to reclaims their good names. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime.

1. Begin with a Short Narrative

Example: Theft is not a new crime. 

Joe Stevens was finally ready to purchase a home. He spent years putting money into a savings account, paid off his credit cards, and diligently paid every bill on time. Confident of his good credit rating, Joe visited the bank to inquire about a mortgage, but he discovered startling information: Joe defaulted on a home loan, had $40,000 in credit card debt, and had a car repossessed for lack of payment. Joe Stevens, like many Americans, is a victim of identity theft. Instead of preparing to move into a new home, Joe began the long journey to restore his good name and to reclaim his identity. Identity theft is a serious problemthat claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime

1. Begin with a Question

Example: Theft is not a new crime. 

How would you feel if you knew, at this moment, that some criminal is writing your name, address, and Social Security number on credit card applications and plans to charge thousands of dollars worth of merchandise on those credit cards? More importantly, how do you know that this is not happening? Millions of people have become victims of identity theft, and they often find out only after thousands of dollars have been stolen using their names. Identity theft is a serious problem that claims millions of innocent victims, and the government must implement better regulations to help put an end to this crime.

2. BODY OF THE ESSAY: The body is the meat and potatoes of your essay. As such, it needs to contain lots of juicy textual evidence and meaty support, not fluff. The body of a basic essay may have as many body paragraphs as it is necessary to prove the author’s argument of the thesis statement .It is vital to keep in mind that each paragraph is supposed to have one main argument to analyze and has to reveal it in one solid thought in a sentence called the topic sentence.Therefore the amount of the body paragraphs equals the amount of topic sentences .Each body paragraph must be connected to following one with a logical link. 
3. First paragraph: The first paragraph of the body should contain the strongest argument, most significant example, cleverest illustration, or an obvious beginning point. The first sentence of this paragraph should include the “reverse hook” which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the introductory paragraph. The topic for this paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional hook to tie into the second paragraph of the body.
4. Second paragraph: The second paragraph of the body should contain the second strongest argument, second most significant example, second cleverest illustration, or an obvious follow up the first paragraph in the body. The first sentence of this paragraph should include the reverse hook which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the first paragraph of the body. The topic for this paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional hook to tie into the third paragraph of the body.
5. Third paragraph: The third paragraph of the body should contain the weakest argument, weakest example, weakest illustration, or an obvious follow up to the second paragraph in the body. The first sentence of this paragraph should include the reverse hook which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the second paragraph. The topic for this paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph shouldinclude a transitional concluding hook thatsignals the reader that this is the final major point being made in this paper. This hook also leads into the last, or concluding paragraph.

3. CONCLUSION:  It is usually written in one solid paragraph.The conclusion always deals with summing up the essays arguments revealed in the topic sentences and the therefore present substantial evidence to prove the thesis statement. It is also important to mention the importance of the general conclusion of the essay.

General Evaluation:

1. Mention and explain the types of pronouns you know.
2. Explain briefly the structure or elements of a good composition

Weekend Assignment:

1. Pick out the pronouns in the following 
2. We are going on vacation.
3. Don’t tell me that you can’t go with us.
4. Anybody who says it won’t be fun has no clue what they are talking about.

     4.These are terribly steep stairs.

     5.We ran into each other at the mall.

6. I’m not sure which is worse: rain or snow.
7. It is one of the nicest Italian restaurants in town.
8. Richard stared at himself the mirror.
9. The laundry isn’t going to do itself.
10. Someone spilled orange juice all over the countertop! 

Weekend Assessment 

1. Write a fantastic composition on any any of the following topics, with insights from the topic,  “elements of composition.”
2. My Best Friend.
3. A Visit to the Hospital.

iii. My Last Birthday Party

15 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

1. What is the purpose of the introduction in a composition?
   To introduce the main topic and capture the reader’s attention.
2. How should the body of a composition be organized?
   It should include details, explanations, and examples that support the main idea.
3. What should be included in the conclusion of a composition?
   A summary of the main points and a closing statement.
4. How can I make my introduction effective?
   By starting with an interesting fact, question, or statement related to the topic.
5. What is the role of the body in a composition?
   To develop and expand on the main idea with detailed information.
6. How can I ensure my conclusion is strong?
   By summarizing the key points and providing a memorable closing thought.
7. Can the introduction and conclusion be similar?
   Yes, they can be related but should be distinct in their roles.
8. What type of details should be included in the body?
   Relevant facts, examples, and explanations that support the main topic.
9. How long should each part of a composition be?
   It depends on the overall length of the composition, but each part should be balanced and well-developed.
10. What is an example of a good body paragraph?
    A paragraph that includes a clear topic sentence followed by supporting details and examples.
11. How can I make my body paragraphs more engaging?
    Use descriptive language and specific examples to illustrate your points.
12. Why is it important to have a clear structure in composition?
    It helps the reader follow the writer’s ideas and understand the message.
13. What is the difference between an introduction and a conclusion?
    The introduction presents the topic, while the conclusion summarizes and wraps up the discussion.
14. How can I connect the body to the conclusion?
    By ensuring that the details in the body support the main points that are summarized in the conclusion.
15. What should I avoid in the conclusion?
    Introducing new ideas or details that were not covered in the body.

Presentation:

Step 1: Introduce the elements of composition (introduction, body, conclusion) with definitions and examples.
Step 2: Analyze sample compositions to identify these elements.
Step 3: Students write a short composition incorporating an introduction, body, and conclusion.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain the elements of composition with examples.
• Guide students through identifying these elements in sample texts.
• Assist students in writing their compositions.

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in discussions about the elements of composition.
• Identify the introduction, body, and conclusion in sample compositions.
• Write and share their own compositions.

Assessment:

1. Evaluate students’ compositions for clear use of introduction, body, and conclusion.
2. Provide feedback on the organization and structure of their writing.
3. Check for understanding through a brief quiz on the elements of composition.

Ten Evaluation Questions:

1. What are the three main elements of a composition?
2. What is the role of the introduction in a composition?
3. How does the body of a composition contribute to the overall text?
4. What should a conclusion do in a composition?
5. How can you make an introduction effective?
6. What type of information should be included in the body?
7. How should the conclusion relate to the introduction?
8. Why is it important to have a well-structured composition?
9. What makes a good body paragraph?
10. How can you connect the body to the conclusion effectively?

Conclusion:

The teacher will review the main points about the introduction, body, and conclusion, and assess students’ compositions to ensure understanding and proper use of these elements.