Introduction to Algebraic Fractions and Expansion – Complete Guide
Lesson Plan: Algebraic Fractions – Introduction and Expansion of Algebraic Expressions
Subject: Mathematics
Class: JSS 2
Term: Second Term
Week: 6
Topic: Algebraic Fractions – Introduction and Expansion of Algebraic Expressions
Sub-topic: Understanding and Expanding Algebraic Fractions
Behavioral Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define algebraic fractions.
- Identify examples of algebraic fractions.
- Expand algebraic expressions using distributive properties.
- Solve problems involving algebraic fractions.
Keywords
- Algebraic Expression
- Fraction
- Variable
- Numerator
- Denominator
- Expansion
- Distributive Property
Set Induction (Lesson Introduction)
The teacher writes two fractions on the board: 1/2 and x/3, then asks:
“What is the difference between these two fractions?”
After the responses, the teacher explains that the second fraction is an algebraic fraction because it contains a variable.
Entry Behavior
Students have prior knowledge of basic fractions and algebraic expressions.
Learning Resources and Materials
- Whiteboard and markers
- Fraction charts
- Algebraic expansion worksheets
- Mathematics textbooks
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge
- Students have previously learned about fractions and algebraic expressions.
- The teacher connects algebraic fractions to ordinary fractions by showing how they share similar rules.
Embedded Core Skills
- Critical Thinking – Understanding and manipulating algebraic expressions.
- Numeracy Skills – Simplifying algebraic fractions.
- Problem-Solving – Expanding and simplifying algebraic expressions.
Learning Materials
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Mathematics textbooks (JSS 2)
- Online resources: Khan Academy – Algebraic Fractions
Instructional Materials
- Algebraic fraction charts
- Practice worksheets
- Graphing paper (optional)
Lesson Presentation
Step 1: Introduction to Algebraic Fractions
Teacher’s Activity:
- Defines algebraic fractions as fractions where the numerator or denominator (or both) contain algebraic expressions.
- Provides examples:
- x2\frac{x}{2}2x, 3y5\frac{3y}{5}53y, a+b4\frac{a + b}{4}4a+b
Learner’s Activity:
- Students give examples of algebraic fractions based on the definition.
Step 2: Expansion of Algebraic Expressions
Teacher’s Activity:
- Introduces the distributive property to expand algebraic expressions.
- Example: Expand 3(x + 2)
- Solution: 3x + 6
- Example: Expand 2(y – 4)
- Solution: 2y – 8
Learner’s Activity:
- Students practice expanding expressions like:
- 4(a + 5)
- 5(x – 3)
- 2(3m + 7)
Step 3: Simplifying Algebraic Fractions
Teacher’s Activity:
- Shows how to simplify algebraic fractions by dividing common terms.
- Example: Simplify (4x² / 2x)
- Solution: 2x
- Example: Simplify (6a / 3a)
- Solution: 2
Learner’s Activity:
- Students simplify:
- (8y² / 4y)
- (10m / 5m)
- (15x / 3x)
Step 4: Applying Algebraic Fractions in Problem-Solving
Teacher’s Activity:
- Gives real-life examples where algebraic fractions are used, such as speed calculations and ratios.
- Solves a problem:
- “A car travels at a speed of x/4 km per hour. If it moves for 8 hours, find the total distance covered.”
- Solution: 8 × (x/4) = 2x km
Learner’s Activity:
- Students solve word problems involving algebraic fractions.
Evaluation Questions
-
What is an algebraic fraction?
a) A fraction with whole numbers only
b) A fraction with algebraic terms in the numerator or denominator
c) A fraction with decimal numbers
d) A fraction with only one term -
Which of the following is an algebraic fraction?
a) 3/4
b) x/5
c) 7
d) 9.5 -
Expand 4(x + 3).
a) 4x + 12
b) x + 12
c) 4x + 3
d) 4x + 6 -
Expand 5(y – 2).
a) 5y + 2
b) 5y – 10
c) y – 10
d) 5y – 2 -
Simplify (6x / 3).
a) 2x
b) x/2
c) 6
d) 3x -
Which of these is the correct expansion of 2(3a + 4)?
a) 6a + 4
b) 3a + 8
c) 6a + 8
d) 2a + 8 -
What is the solution for 10m/5m?
a) 5m
b) 2
c) 10
d) m/2 -
What is the expansion of 7(x – 5)?
a) 7x – 35
b) 7x + 5
c) x – 35
d) 7x + 35 -
Expand 3(a + b).
a) 3a + b
b) a + 3b
c) 3a + 3b
d) 3(a + b) -
Which property is used to expand algebraic expressions?
a) Commutative Property
b) Associative Property
c) Distributive Property
d) Identity Property
Class Activity Discussion – FAQs
-
What is an algebraic fraction?
An algebraic fraction is a fraction where at least one part (numerator or denominator) contains a variable. -
How do you expand algebraic expressions?
Use the distributive property to multiply each term inside the bracket by the outside term. -
Why do we simplify algebraic fractions?
To make calculations easier and more understandable. -
What is the difference between an algebraic fraction and a normal fraction?
A normal fraction has only numbers, while an algebraic fraction contains variables. -
How do you simplify (4x² / 2x)?
Divide both terms by 2x to get 2x.
Assessment – Short Answer Questions
- Define an algebraic fraction.
- Expand 6(x + 2).
- Simplify (9a / 3a).
- What is the expansion of 2(4b + 5)?
- Solve: If a bus moves at a speed of x/5 km per hour for 10 hours, find the total distance.
- Expand 3(y – 7).
- Simplify (12x² / 4x).
Conclusion
The teacher summarizes key points on algebraic fractions and their expansion. Students complete additional practice problems as homework.