Grammar: Comparing Things and Persons according to weight, shape, size, height and distance Primary 4 Second Term Week 6

Lesson Plan Presentation

Subject: English Grammar

Class: Primary 5

Term: Second Term

Week: 6

Topic: Comparing Things and Persons

Sub-topic: Comparing Weight, Shape, Size, Height, and Distance

Duration: 40 minutes

---

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives.
2. Use adjectives to compare weight, shape, size, height, and distance.
3. Construct sentences using comparative and superlative adjectives.

Key Words:

• Positive
• Comparative
• Superlative
• Weight
• Shape
• Size
• Height
• Distance

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils should be familiar with basic adjectives and know how to describe things using these adjectives.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures of objects and people of different weights, shapes, sizes, heights, and distances.
• Flashcards with adjectives and their comparative and superlative forms.
• Blackboard and chalk or whiteboard and markers.

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Pupils have learned about adjectives in previous lessons and know how to describe objects and people using these words.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Observation
• Writing

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Primary 5
• Basic English Grammar Textbook for Primary Schools

Instructional Materials:

• Pictures
• Flashcards
• Blackboard/whiteboard

Comparing Words in English

1. Positive, Comparative, and Superlative Adjectives

Adjectives describe people, places, and things. They can show different degrees of comparison.

2. Positive Adjectives

Positive adjectives describe a noun without comparing it to anything else.

• Big: My house is big.
• Small: The cat is small.
• Tall: The tree is tall.
• Short: The boy is short.
• Happy: She is happy.
• Sad: He feels sad.

3. Comparative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives compare two nouns. They often end in “-er” or use “more” before the adjective.

• Bigger: My house is bigger than yours.
• Smaller: The cat is smaller than the dog.
• Taller: The tree is taller than the car.
• Shorter: The boy is shorter than the girl.
• Happier: She is happier than him.
• Sadder: He feels sadder today.

4. Superlative Adjectives

Superlative adjectives compare more than two nouns. They often end in “-est” or use “most” before the adjective.

• Biggest: My house is the biggest on the street.
• Smallest: The cat is the smallest pet.
• Tallest: The tree is the tallest in the park.
• Shortest: The boy is the shortest in the class.
• Happiest: She is the happiest person here.
• Saddest: He is the saddest today.

5. Comparing Things That Are Equal

Use “as…as” to compare things that are the same.

• Big: My house is as big as yours.
• Small: The cat is as small as the kitten.
• Tall: The tree is as tall as the building.
• Short: The boy is as short as his friend.
• Happy: She is as happy as her sister.
• Sad: He is as sad as yesterday.

Examples with Emoji

• Big: 🏠 My house is big.
• Bigger: 🏠 My house is bigger than yours.
• Biggest: 🏠 My house is the biggest on the street.
• Small: 🐱 The cat is small.
• Smaller: 🐱 The cat is smaller than the dog.
• Smallest: 🐱 The cat is the smallest pet.
• Tall: 🌳 The tree is tall.
• Taller: 🌳 The tree is taller than the car.
• Tallest: 🌳 The tree is the tallest in the park.
• Short: 👦 The boy is short.
• Shorter: 👦 The boy is shorter than the girl.
• Shortest: 👦 The boy is the shortest in the class.
• Happy: 😊 She is happy.
• Happier: 😊 She is happier than him.
• Happiest: 😊 She is the happiest person here.
• Sad: 😢 He feels sad.
• Sadder: 😢 He feels sadder today.
• Saddest: 😢 He is the saddest today.
• Equal Comparison:
  • My house is as big as yours. 🏠🏠
  • The cat is as small as the kitten. 🐱🐱
  • The tree is as tall as the building. 🌳🏢
  • The boy is as short as his friend. 👦👦
  • She is as happy as her sister. 😊😊
  • He is as sad as yesterday. 😢😢

This list helps you understand and use adjectives to compare things. Happy learning! 😊

Here is a table that shows some examples of positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Happy	Happier	Happiest
Strong	Stronger	Strongest
Tall	Taller	Tallest
Big	Bigger	Biggest
Brave	Braver	Bravest
Hot	Hotter	Hottest
Slow	Slower	Slowest
Kind	Kinder	Kindest
Busy	Busier	Busiest
Clever	Cleverer	Cleverest

 

 

The positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives that are used to compare weight, size, height, distance, shape, and quality.

Here is a table that shows some examples:

Category	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Weight	Light	Lighter	Lightest
	Heavy	Heavier	Heaviest
Size	Small	Smaller	Smallest
	Large	Larger	Largest
Height	Short	Shorter	Shortest
	Tall	Taller	Tallest
Distance	Near	Nearer	Nearest
	Far	Farther/Further	Farthest/Furthest
Shape	Round	Rounder	Roundest
	Square	Squarer	Squarest
Quality	Good	Better	Best
	Bad	Worse	Worst
	Excellent	More excellent	Most excellent
	Poor	Poorer	Poorest

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

Choose the correct answer: a, b, c, or d.

1. The lion is ____ than the dog.
   • a) big
   • b) bigger
   • c) biggest
   • d) more big
2. This is the ____ cake I have ever eaten.
   • a) good
   • b) better
   • c) best
   • d) more good
3. She is as ____ as her sister.
   • a) happy
   • b) happier
   • c) happiest
   • d) more happy
4. The boy is ____ than his friend.
   • a) short
   • b) shorter
   • c) shortest
   • d) more short
5. My house is the ____ in the neighborhood.
   • a) big
   • b) bigger
   • c) biggest
   • d) more big
6. He feels ____ today than yesterday.
   • a) sad
   • b) sadder
   • c) saddest
   • d) more sad
7. The turtle is the ____ animal in the race.
   • a) slow
   • b) slower
   • c) slowest
   • d) more slow
8. The tree is ____ than the car.
   • a) tall
   • b) taller
   • c) tallest
   • d) more tall
9. The cat is ____ than the dog.
   • a) small
   • b) smaller
   • c) smallest
   • d) more small
10. The baby is the ____ in the family.
    • a) young
    • b) younger
    • c) youngest
    • d) more young
11. This car is ____ than that bike.
    • a) fast
    • b) faster
    • c) fastest
    • d) more fast
12. My book is as ____ as your book.
    • a) old
    • b) older
    • c) oldest
    • d) more old
13. She is the ____ person in the room.
    • a) happy
    • b) happier
    • c) happiest
    • d) more happy
14. He is as ____ as his brother.
    • a) tall
    • b) taller
    • c) tallest
    • d) more tall
15. The mouse is ____ than the rat.
    • a) small
    • b) smaller
    • c) smallest
    • d) more small

Class Activity Discussion about Comparing Words in English

1. What are positive adjectives? Positive adjectives describe one thing without comparing it to anything else.

• Example: The cat is small.

2. What are comparative adjectives? Comparative adjectives compare two things.

• Example: The cat is smaller than the dog.

3. What are superlative adjectives? Superlative adjectives compare more than two things, showing the highest degree.

• Example: The cat is the smallest pet.

4. How do you form comparative adjectives? Add “-er” to the end of the adjective, or use “more” before it.

• Example: tall → taller, beautiful → more beautiful

5. How do you form superlative adjectives? Add “-est” to the end of the adjective, or use “most” before it.

• Example: tall → tallest, beautiful → most beautiful

6. What is the comparative form of “big”? The comparative form of “big” is “bigger”.

• Example: My house is bigger than yours.

7. What is the superlative form of “big”? The superlative form of “big” is “biggest”.

• Example: My house is the biggest on the street.

8. What is the comparative form of “happy”? The comparative form of “happy” is “happier”.

• Example: She is happier than him.

9. What is the superlative form of “happy”? The superlative form of “happy” is “happiest”.

• Example: She is the happiest person here.

10. How do you compare things that are equal? Use “as…as” to compare things that are the same.

• Example: My house is as big as yours.

11. What is the comparative form of “fast”? The comparative form of “fast” is “faster”.

• Example: The car is faster than the bike.

12. What is the superlative form of “fast”? The superlative form of “fast” is “fastest”.

• Example: The car is the fastest in the race.

13. What is the comparative form of “small”? The comparative form of “small” is “smaller”.

• Example: The cat is smaller than the dog.

14. What is the superlative form of “small”? The superlative form of “small” is “smallest”.

• Example: The cat is the smallest pet.

15. What is the comparative form of “old”? The comparative form of “old” is “older”.

• Example: The book is older than the magazine.

Content

Positive Adjectives: Describe one thing without comparing (e.g., big, small, tall).

Comparative Adjectives: Compare two things (e.g., bigger, smaller, taller).

Superlative Adjectives: Compare more than two things (e.g., biggest, smallest, tallest).

---

Presentation

Step 1: Revision

• Teacher’s Activity: Revises the previous topic about basic adjectives.
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils recall and list some adjectives they know.

Step 2: Introduction of the New Topic

• Teacher’s Activity: Introduces the new topic on comparing things and persons. Uses pictures to show examples.
  • Example: Shows two pictures of trees and says, “This tree is tall. This tree is taller. This tree is the tallest.”
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils look at the pictures and listen.

Step 3: Explanation and Practice

• Teacher’s Activity: Explains positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives. Shows examples on the board.
  • Weight: heavy, heavier, heaviest
  • Shape: round, rounder, roundest
  • Size: big, bigger, biggest
  • Height: tall, taller, tallest
  • Distance: far, farther, farthest
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils repeat after the teacher and practice forming sentences.

Step 4: Contributions and Corrections

• Teacher’s Activity: Allows pupils to give their own examples and corrects them when necessary.
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils share their examples and receive feedback.

---

Teacher’s Activities:

1. Shows pictures and flashcards.
2. Writes examples on the board.
3. Corrects pupils’ sentences.
4. Engages pupils in practice activities.

Learners’ Activities:

1. Observe pictures and flashcards.
2. Repeat examples after the teacher.
3. Form their own sentences using comparative and superlative adjectives.
4. Share sentences with the class.

Assessment:

1. Write three sentences using comparative adjectives.
2. Write three sentences using superlative adjectives.
3. Identify the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of “tall.”

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the comparative form of “small”?
2. What is the superlative form of “big”?
3. Use “heavy” in a comparative sentence.
4. Use “round” in a superlative sentence.
5. Which is correct: “more tall” or “taller”?
6. Write a sentence comparing the height of two boys.
7. Write a sentence comparing the size of three apples.
8. What is the positive form of “happier”?
9. Use “far” in a superlative sentence.
10. What is the comparative form of “short”?

Conclusion:

• Teacher’s Activity: Goes around to mark pupils’ work and provides necessary corrections.
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils submit their work and listen to feedback.