Comparing Things and Persons Using Adjectives English Grammar Primary 4 Second Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Lesson Plan

Subject: English Grammar
Class: Primary 5
Term: Second Term
Week: Week 6
Topic: Comparing Things and Persons
Sub-topic: Comparing Weight, Shape, Size, Height, and Distance

Age:

10–11 years

Duration:

40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives.
2. Use adjectives to compare weight, shape, size, height, and distance.
3. Construct sentences using comparative and superlative adjectives.

Keywords:

Adjectives, Positive, Comparative, Superlative, Weight, Shape, Size, Height, Distance

Set Induction (5 Minutes):

• Show pictures of objects and people of different weights, shapes, sizes, heights, and distances.
• Ask pupils questions like:
  • “Which box is heavier?”
  • “Who is taller?”
• Explain that we use adjectives to compare objects and people.

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils already know some descriptive words (e.g., big, small, tall).

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Flashcards with adjectives in positive, comparative, and superlative forms
• Pictures or illustrations of objects and people
• Sentence strips with blanks for practice

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Ask pupils to describe objects in the classroom (e.g., “This chair is big”).
• Discuss how we use words to compare one thing to another.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical Thinking: Distinguishing between positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives.
• Communication: Constructing sentences clearly.
• Collaboration: Participating in group activities.

Learning Materials:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• English Grammar textbooks

Instructional Materials:

• Pictures of items of different sizes and shapes
• Flashcards with examples of comparative adjectives
• Worksheets for practice

Content:

Definition of Comparison in Grammar

Comparing means showing the similarities or differences between two or more objects, people, or places using adjectives.

Types of Adjectives for Comparison

1. Positive Adjectives: Describe one thing without comparing.
   • Example: “The boy is tall.”
2. Comparative Adjectives: Compare two things.
   • Example: “The boy is taller than his sister.”
3. Superlative Adjectives: Compare more than two things to show the highest or lowest degree.
   • Example: “The boy is the tallest in the class.”

Rules for Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives:

1. Add ‘-er’ and ‘-est’ for short adjectives:
   • Positive: big
   • Comparative: bigger
   • Superlative: biggest
2. Use ‘more’ and ‘most’ for longer adjectives:
   • Positive: beautiful
   • Comparative: more beautiful
   • Superlative: most beautiful
3. Irregular adjectives:
   • Positive: good
   • Comparative: better
   • Superlative: best

Examples of Adjectives for Comparison:

1. Weight: heavy, heavier, heaviest
2. Shape: round, rounder, roundest
3. Size: big, bigger, biggest
4. Height: tall, taller, tallest
5. Distance: far, farther, farthest

Examples of Sentences Using Adjectives for Comparison:

1. This bag is heavier than that one. (Comparative)
2. The box is the heaviest in the room. (Superlative)
3. She is taller than her brother. (Comparative)
4. That building is the tallest in the city. (Superlative)

The positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives that are used to compare weight, size, height, distance, shape, and quality.

Here is a table that shows some examples:

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

Choose the correct answer: a, b, c, or d.

1. The lion is ____ than the dog.
   • a) big
   • b) bigger
   • c) biggest
   • d) more big
2. This is the ____ cake I have ever eaten.
   • a) good
   • b) better
   • c) best
   • d) more good
3. She is as ____ as her sister.
   • a) happy
   • b) happier
   • c) happiest
   • d) more happy
4. The boy is ____ than his friend.
   • a) short
   • b) shorter
   • c) shortest
   • d) more short
5. My house is the ____ in the neighborhood.
   • a) big
   • b) bigger
   • c) biggest
   • d) more big
6. He feels ____ today than yesterday.
   • a) sad
   • b) sadder
   • c) saddest
   • d) more sad
7. The turtle is the ____ animal in the race.
   • a) slow
   • b) slower
   • c) slowest
   • d) more slow
8. The tree is ____ than the car.
   • a) tall
   • b) taller
   • c) tallest
   • d) more tall
9. The cat is ____ than the dog.
   • a) small
   • b) smaller
   • c) smallest
   • d) more small
10. The baby is the ____ in the family.
    • a) young
    • b) younger
    • c) youngest
    • d) more young
11. This car is ____ than that bike.
    • a) fast
    • b) faster
    • c) fastest
    • d) more fast
12. My book is as ____ as your book.
    • a) old
    • b) older
    • c) oldest
    • d) more old
13. She is the ____ person in the room.
    • a) happy
    • b) happier
    • c) happiest
    • d) more happy
14. He is as ____ as his brother.
    • a) tall
    • b) taller
    • c) tallest
    • d) more tall
15. The mouse is ____ than the rat.
    • a) small
    • b) smaller
    • c) smallest
    • d) more small

Evaluation:

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Choose the Correct Option):

1. John is ____ than Peter. (a) tall (b) taller (c) tallest
2. This is the ____ mountain in the world. (a) high (b) higher (c) highest
3. The blue bag is ____ than the red one. (a) heavy (b) heavier (c) heaviest
4. My house is ____ from the school than yours. (a) far (b) farther (c) farthest
5. She is the ____ dancer in her group. (a) good (b) better (c) best

Short-Answer Questions:

6. Write the comparative form of “beautiful.”
7. Write the superlative form of “small.”
8. Use “tall” in a comparative sentence.
9. Use “far” in a superlative sentence.
10. Give an example of an irregular adjective and its forms.

FAQs for Class Activity Discussion:

1. What is an adjective?
   A word that describes a noun.
2. What are comparative adjectives?
   Adjectives used to compare two things.
3. What are superlative adjectives?
   Adjectives used to compare more than two things.
4. Give an example of a positive adjective.
   Big.
5. Give an example of a comparative adjective.
   Bigger.
6. Give an example of a superlative adjective.
   Biggest.
7. What is the comparative form of “heavy”?
   Heavier.
8. What is the superlative form of “good”?
   Best.
9. How do we compare two people?
   Use a comparative adjective (e.g., taller).
10. How do we show the highest degree of comparison?
    Use a superlative adjective (e.g., tallest).

More

What are positive adjectives? Positive adjectives describe one thing without comparing it to anything else.

• Example: The cat is small.

2. What are comparative adjectives? Comparative adjectives compare two things.

• Example: The cat is smaller than the dog.

3. What are superlative adjectives? Superlative adjectives compare more than two things, showing the highest degree.

• Example: The cat is the smallest pet.

4. How do you form comparative adjectives? Add “-er” to the end of the adjective, or use “more” before it.

• Example: tall → taller, beautiful → more beautiful

5. How do you form superlative adjectives? Add “-est” to the end of the adjective, or use “most” before it.

• Example: tall → tallest, beautiful → most beautiful

6. What is the comparative form of “big”? The comparative form of “big” is “bigger”.

• Example: My house is bigger than yours.

7. What is the superlative form of “big”? The superlative form of “big” is “biggest”.

• Example: My house is the biggest on the street.

8. What is the comparative form of “happy”? The comparative form of “happy” is “happier”.

• Example: She is happier than him.

9. What is the superlative form of “happy”? The superlative form of “happy” is “happiest”.

• Example: She is the happiest person here.

10. How do you compare things that are equal? Use “as…as” to compare things that are the same.

• Example: My house is as big as yours.

11. What is the comparative form of “fast”? The comparative form of “fast” is “faster”.

• Example: The car is faster than the bike.

12. What is the superlative form of “fast”? The superlative form of “fast” is “fastest”.

• Example: The car is the fastest in the race.

13. What is the comparative form of “small”? The comparative form of “small” is “smaller”.

• Example: The cat is smaller than the dog.

14. What is the superlative form of “small”? The superlative form of “small” is “smallest”.

• Example: The cat is the smallest pet.

15. What is the comparative form of “old”? The comparative form of “old” is “older”.

• Example: The book is older than the magazine.

Lesson Presentation:

1. Introduction:
   • Begin by showing pictures of objects or people to highlight differences.
   • Explain how we use adjectives to compare.
2. Teacher’s Activities:
   • Explain the rules for forming comparative and superlative adjectives.
   • Provide examples on the board.
   • Display flashcards for irregular adjectives.
3. Learners’ Activities:
   • Pupils identify adjectives from examples.
   • Pupils form sentences using comparative and superlative forms.
   • Pupils complete worksheets on comparison.

Assessment:

1. Write sentences comparing two objects.
2. Write sentences showing the highest degree of comparison.
3. Write the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of the following adjectives:
   • Big
   • Beautiful
   • Good

Conclusion:

• Teacher reviews pupils’ answers and provides feedback.
• Encourage pupils to practice using adjectives in their daily speech and writing.

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