Grammar: Comparing Things and Persons according to weight, shape, size, height and distance Primary 4 Second Term Week 6

Lesson Plan Presentation

Subject: English Grammar

Class: Primary 5

Term: Second Term

Week: 6

Topic: Comparing Things and Persons

Sub-topic: Comparing Weight, Shape, Size, Height, and Distance

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives.
2. Use adjectives to compare weight, shape, size, height, and distance.
3. Construct sentences using comparative and superlative adjectives.

Key Words:

• Positive
• Comparative
• Superlative
• Weight
• Shape
• Size
• Height
• Distance

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils should be familiar with basic adjectives and know how to describe things using these adjectives.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures of objects and people of different weights, shapes, sizes, heights, and distances.
• Flashcards with adjectives and their comparative and superlative forms.
• Blackboard and chalk or whiteboard and markers.

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Pupils have learned about adjectives in previous lessons and know how to describe objects and people using these words.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Observation
• Writing

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Primary 5
• Basic English Grammar Textbook for Primary Schools

Instructional Materials:

• Pictures
• Flashcards
• Blackboard/whiteboard

Comparing Words in English

1. Positive, Comparative, and Superlative Adjectives

Adjectives describe people, places, and things. They can show different degrees of comparison.

2. Positive Adjectives

Positive adjectives describe a noun without comparing it to anything else.

• Big: My house is big.
• Small: The cat is small.
• Tall: The tree is tall.
• Short: The boy is short.
• Happy: She is happy.
• Sad: He feels sad.

3. Comparative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives compare two nouns. They often end in “-er” or use “more” before the adjective.

• Bigger: My house is bigger than yours.
• Smaller: The cat is smaller than the dog.
• Taller: The tree is taller than the car.
• Shorter: The boy is shorter than the girl.
• Happier: She is happier than him.
• Sadder: He feels sadder today.

4. Superlative Adjectives

Superlative adjectives compare more than two nouns. They often end in “-est” or use “most” before the adjective.

• Biggest: My house is the biggest on the street.
• Smallest: The cat is the smallest pet.
• Tallest: The tree is the tallest in the park.
• Shortest: The boy is the shortest in the class.
• Happiest: She is the happiest person here.
• Saddest: He is the saddest today.

5. Comparing Things That Are Equal

Use “as…as” to compare things that are the same.

• Big: My house is as big as yours.
• Small: The cat is as small as the kitten.
• Tall: The tree is as tall as the building.
• Short: The boy is as short as his friend.
• Happy: She is as happy as her sister.
• Sad: He is as sad as yesterday.

Examples with Emoji

• Big: 🏠 My house is big.
• Bigger: 🏠 My house is bigger than yours.
• Biggest: 🏠 My house is the biggest on the street.
• Small: 🐱 The cat is small.
• Smaller: 🐱 The cat is smaller than the dog.
• Smallest: 🐱 The cat is the smallest pet.
• Tall: 🌳 The tree is tall.
• Taller: 🌳 The tree is taller than the car.
• Tallest: 🌳 The tree is the tallest in the park.
• Short: 👦 The boy is short.
• Shorter: 👦 The boy is shorter than the girl.
• Shortest: 👦 The boy is the shortest in the class.
• Happy: 😊 She is happy.
• Happier: 😊 She is happier than him.
• Happiest: 😊 She is the happiest person here.
• Sad: 😢 He feels sad.
• Sadder: 😢 He feels sadder today.
• Saddest: 😢 He is the saddest today.
• Equal Comparison:
  • My house is as big as yours. 🏠🏠
  • The cat is as small as the kitten. 🐱🐱
  • The tree is as tall as the building. 🌳🏢
  • The boy is as short as his friend. 👦👦
  • She is as happy as her sister. 😊😊
  • He is as sad as yesterday. 😢😢

This list helps you understand and use adjectives to compare things. Happy learning! 😊

Here is a table that shows some examples of positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives:

The positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives that are used to compare weight, size, height, distance, shape, and quality.

Here is a table that shows some examples:

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

Choose the correct answer: a, b, c, or d.

1. The lion is ____ than the dog.
   • a) big
   • b) bigger
   • c) biggest
   • d) more big
2. This is the ____ cake I have ever eaten.
   • a) good
   • b) better
   • c) best
   • d) more good
3. She is as ____ as her sister.
   • a) happy
   • b) happier
   • c) happiest
   • d) more happy
4. The boy is ____ than his friend.
   • a) short
   • b) shorter
   • c) shortest
   • d) more short
5. My house is the ____ in the neighborhood.
   • a) big
   • b) bigger
   • c) biggest
   • d) more big
6. He feels ____ today than yesterday.
   • a) sad
   • b) sadder
   • c) saddest
   • d) more sad
7. The turtle is the ____ animal in the race.
   • a) slow
   • b) slower
   • c) slowest
   • d) more slow
8. The tree is ____ than the car.
   • a) tall
   • b) taller
   • c) tallest
   • d) more tall
9. The cat is ____ than the dog.
   • a) small
   • b) smaller
   • c) smallest
   • d) more small
10. The baby is the ____ in the family.
    • a) young
    • b) younger
    • c) youngest
    • d) more young
11. This car is ____ than that bike.
    • a) fast
    • b) faster
    • c) fastest
    • d) more fast
12. My book is as ____ as your book.
    • a) old
    • b) older
    • c) oldest
    • d) more old
13. She is the ____ person in the room.
    • a) happy
    • b) happier
    • c) happiest
    • d) more happy
14. He is as ____ as his brother.
    • a) tall
    • b) taller
    • c) tallest
    • d) more tall
15. The mouse is ____ than the rat.
    • a) small
    • b) smaller
    • c) smallest
    • d) more small

Class Activity Discussion about Comparing Words in English

1. What are positive adjectives? Positive adjectives describe one thing without comparing it to anything else.

• Example: The cat is small.

2. What are comparative adjectives? Comparative adjectives compare two things.

• Example: The cat is smaller than the dog.

3. What are superlative adjectives? Superlative adjectives compare more than two things, showing the highest degree.

• Example: The cat is the smallest pet.

4. How do you form comparative adjectives? Add “-er” to the end of the adjective, or use “more” before it.

• Example: tall → taller, beautiful → more beautiful

5. How do you form superlative adjectives? Add “-est” to the end of the adjective, or use “most” before it.

• Example: tall → tallest, beautiful → most beautiful

6. What is the comparative form of “big”? The comparative form of “big” is “bigger”.

• Example: My house is bigger than yours.

7. What is the superlative form of “big”? The superlative form of “big” is “biggest”.

• Example: My house is the biggest on the street.

8. What is the comparative form of “happy”? The comparative form of “happy” is “happier”.

• Example: She is happier than him.

9. What is the superlative form of “happy”? The superlative form of “happy” is “happiest”.

• Example: She is the happiest person here.

10. How do you compare things that are equal? Use “as…as” to compare things that are the same.

• Example: My house is as big as yours.

11. What is the comparative form of “fast”? The comparative form of “fast” is “faster”.

• Example: The car is faster than the bike.

12. What is the superlative form of “fast”? The superlative form of “fast” is “fastest”.

• Example: The car is the fastest in the race.

13. What is the comparative form of “small”? The comparative form of “small” is “smaller”.

• Example: The cat is smaller than the dog.

14. What is the superlative form of “small”? The superlative form of “small” is “smallest”.

• Example: The cat is the smallest pet.

15. What is the comparative form of “old”? The comparative form of “old” is “older”.

• Example: The book is older than the magazine.

Content

Positive Adjectives: Describe one thing without comparing (e.g., big, small, tall).

Comparative Adjectives: Compare two things (e.g., bigger, smaller, taller).

Superlative Adjectives: Compare more than two things (e.g., biggest, smallest, tallest).

Presentation

Step 1: Revision

• Teacher’s Activity: Revises the previous topic about basic adjectives.
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils recall and list some adjectives they know.

Step 2: Introduction of the New Topic

• Teacher’s Activity: Introduces the new topic on comparing things and persons. Uses pictures to show examples.
  • Example: Shows two pictures of trees and says, “This tree is tall. This tree is taller. This tree is the tallest.”
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils look at the pictures and listen.

Step 3: Explanation and Practice

• Teacher’s Activity: Explains positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives. Shows examples on the board.
  • Weight: heavy, heavier, heaviest
  • Shape: round, rounder, roundest
  • Size: big, bigger, biggest
  • Height: tall, taller, tallest
  • Distance: far, farther, farthest
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils repeat after the teacher and practice forming sentences.

Step 4: Contributions and Corrections

• Teacher’s Activity: Allows pupils to give their own examples and corrects them when necessary.
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils share their examples and receive feedback.

Teacher’s Activities:

1. Shows pictures and flashcards.
2. Writes examples on the board.
3. Corrects pupils’ sentences.
4. Engages pupils in practice activities.

Learners’ Activities:

1. Observe pictures and flashcards.
2. Repeat examples after the teacher.
3. Form their own sentences using comparative and superlative adjectives.
4. Share sentences with the class.

Assessment:

1. Write three sentences using comparative adjectives.
2. Write three sentences using superlative adjectives.
3. Identify the positive, comparative, and superlative forms of “tall.”

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the comparative form of “small”?
2. What is the superlative form of “big”?
3. Use “heavy” in a comparative sentence.
4. Use “round” in a superlative sentence.
5. Which is correct: “more tall” or “taller”?
6. Write a sentence comparing the height of two boys.
7. Write a sentence comparing the size of three apples.
8. What is the positive form of “happier”?
9. Use “far” in a superlative sentence.
10. What is the comparative form of “short”?

Conclusion:

• Teacher’s Activity: Goes around to mark pupils’ work and provides necessary corrections.
• Learners’ Activity: Pupils submit their work and listen to feedback.