Forest Management In Nigeria

Subject:

Agricultural Science

Class:

SS 2

Term:

Second Term / 2nd Term

Week:

Week 4

Topic:

MANAGEMENT OF THE FOREST IN NIGERIA 

Previous Knowledge: The pupils have previous knowledge of

   Forest Reserves in Nigeria

that was taught in their previous lesson.

Behavioural  Objectives : At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to

• List Forest Reserves in Nigeria
• Say the meaning of forest
• Mention Forest reserve in Nigeria
• Write out Importance or uses of the forest
• Explain Management of the forest

Instructional Materials 

• Wall charts
• Online Resource
• Textbooks
• Laptop
• Soil samples
• Flash cards
• www.edudelighttutors.com

Methods of Teaching 

• Role modelling
• Questions and Answers
• Explanation
• Discussion
• Recitation
• Imitation
• Story Telling
• Dramatization

WEEK FOUR                               

TOPIC: FOREST MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA 

MANAGEMENT OF THE FOREST

The following are management practices that will ensure a constant supply of timber in the forest:

1. FOREST REGULATION:

These are laws promulgated by government in the form of edicts, decrees and bye laws to prevent people from exploiting or indiscriminate tapping of forest resources.

1. The prohibition of bush burning
2. Ban on indiscriminate cutting of timber trees
3. Encouraging people to plant trees
4. Ban or collection of leaves and firewood from the forest
5. Ban or farming in forest reserves
6. Ban or cutting down of under aged trees
7. People are to obtain licences so as to secure the permission to enable them cut down trees for human needs.

1. SELECTIVE EXPLORATION

This is the process of cutting or harvesting only mature trees in the forest

ADVANTAGES OF SELECTIVE EXPLORATION

1. It ensures the concentration of selected species of timber in the forest
2. It protects soil from erosion
3. It ensures continuous supply of timber
4. It serves as revenue base for the government
5. It prevents indiscriminate felling of timber

DEFORESTATION

This is the continuous or indiscriminate removal of trees without replacing them. It is the clearing, felling, cutting or thinning of forest trees by humans without planting another trees fro replacement. 

CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION

1. Unfavourable climatic factors such as draught, wind blast etc
2. Man’s farming activities such as bush burning, shifting cultivation etc.
3. Timber exploitation
4. Mining/industrialization
5. Natural disasters 
6. Bad government policies

EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION

1. It encourages soil erosion.
2. It leads to reduction in fertility of soil.
3. It reduces the amount of rainfall in an area
4. It reduces soil moisture content
5. It increases leaching of plant nutrient
6. It destroys the microclimate and warms up the environment
7. It may lead to desert encroachment

REGENERATION

Regeneration is the process of forest re-growth after it has been exploited. It is a deliberate effort to grow trees.

TYPES OF REGENERATION

1. Natural Regeneration: in this type there is re growth of new plants from the old stump
2. Artificial regeneration: this involves the planting of new forest seedlings in a deforested area.

ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL REGENERATION

1. It is less expensive when compared with the artificial regeneration
2. It does not require formal stages in plantation establishment
3. It brings about the stabilization of natural ecosystem
4. It does not require special management skill

AFFORESTATION

This is the process of establishing forest plantations in any area. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover 

ADVANTAGES OF AFFORESTATION

1. It leads to addition of organic matter
2. It provides regular supply of raw materials e.g timber for industries
3. It prevents desert encroachment 
4. It increases forest fauna (wild life) in the area concerned
5. It prevents leaching of plants nutrient
6. It increases soil moisture retention
7. It increases the amount of rain fall
8. It improves the soil structure

TAUNGYA SYSTEM

Taungya system is defined as the planting of arable crops at early stage of forest establishment and the arable crops are harvested before the trees form canopies.The taungya is a system whereby villagers and sometimes forest plantation workers are given the right to cultivate agricultural crops during the early stages of forest plantation establishment. Cultivation is often allowed to continue until trees shade crops due to canopy closure.

CONDITION NECESSARY FOR THE PRACTICE OF TAUNGYA SYSTEM

The conditions which may favour the practice of taungya system include:

1. Scarcity of land
2. Over population
3. Unemployment
4. Government policies
5. Low standard of living

ADVANTAGES OF TAUNGYA FARMING

1. Varieties of crops are harvested 
2. There is availability of crop produce throughout the year
3. When leguminous crops are used they fixed nitrogen to the soil
4. Solves the problem of land scarcity
5. It increases the income of the farmer

DISADVANTAGES OF TAUNGYA FARMING

1. Reluctance in releasing fertile soil
2. Cultivation of selected crops
3. Competition between crops and trees
4. Inability of some crops to survive

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1: The class teacher revises the old topic

Step 2: The class teacher introduces the new topic

Step 3: The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and gives room for pupils” participation

Class Teacher and Pupils Activities. Interaction or Participation 

This involves class teacher and pupils’ interaction, conversation, imitation or modeling through discussion, play method or just by recitation or asking and answering questions that are related to the topic that has just been taught.

EVALUATION QUESTIONS

EVALUATION

1. What is Forest?
2. List five common forest trees
3. Define Taungya farming
4. List three advantages of Taungya farming
5. What is regeneration?
6. List the types of regeneration
7. List the causes of deforestation
8. List ten uses of forest
9. Define deforestation
10. State five effect of deforestation

Conclusion : 

The class teacher concludes the lesson by giving the pupils some notes on the topic that has just been taught. He goes round to mark and he does the necessary corrections.