System of the body and it’s functions Physical and Health Education Primary 3 Third Term Week 1

Subject: Physical and Health Education
Class: Primary 3
Term: Third Term
Week: Week 1
Topic: Understanding Body Systems
Sub-topic: Respiratory, Digestive/Excretory, Cardiovascular/Circulatory, Muscular, and Skeletal Systems
Duration: 45 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

1. Students should be able to identify the different body systems.
2. Students should understand the basic functions of each body system.
3. Students should be able to explain the importance of each body system in maintaining overall health.
4. Students should demonstrate understanding by participating in discussions and activities related to body systems.

Key Words: Body systems, Respiratory, Digestive, Cardiovascular, Muscular, Skeletal

Entry Behaviour: Students should have prior knowledge of the human body and basic understanding of organs and their functions.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Pictures or diagrams of body systems
• Textbooks
• Interactive activities or games related to body systems

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Recap previous lessons on the human body and organs. Ask students to recall what they already know about the functions of organs and how they work together.

Embedded Core Skills:
Critical thinking, communication, teamwork, observation

Learning Materials:

• Diagrams or illustrations of body systems
• Interactive presentations or videos
• Hands-on activities or demonstrations

Reference Books: Lagos State Scheme of Work for Primary 3

Instructional Materials:

• PowerPoint presentation
• Worksheets or handouts
• Models or props of organs or body systems

Content:

1. Introduction to Body Systems
2. Overview of Respiratory System
3. Explanation of Digestive/Excretory System
4. Understanding Cardiovascular/Circulatory System
5. Exploration of Muscular System
6. Insight into Skeletal System

Understanding Body Systems

1. Respiratory System:
   • Definition: The system responsible for breathing, where we take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
   • Organs Involved: Lungs, nose, windpipe (trachea).
   • Function: Brings air into the body and removes carbon dioxide.
   • Example: When you breathe in, air enters your nose or mouth and travels down the trachea to the lungs.
2. Digestive System/Excretory System:
   • Definition: The process of breaking down food into simpler forms for absorption by the body.
   • Organs Involved: Mouth, gullet, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
   • Function: Digests food and eliminates waste through the anus as feces.
   • Example: Food is broken down in the stomach and intestines, then waste is expelled from the body.
3. Cardiovascular/Circulatory System:
   • Definition: The transportation system of the body, where blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts.
   • Organs Involved: Heart, arteries, veins.
   • Function: Circulates blood throughout the body.
   • Example: The heart pumps blood through arteries to the body and veins return blood to the heart.
4. Muscular System:
   • Definition: The fleshy part of the body made up of muscles.
   • Function: Works with the skeletal system to control movement.
   • Example: Muscles in your arms and legs help you move voluntarily, while muscles in organs like the heart work involuntarily.
5. Skeletal System:
   • Definition: The bony framework of the body that provides shape and support.
   • Function: Protects organs and enables movement.
   • Example: There are about 206 bones in the adult body, and joints allow movement between bones.

By understanding how these systems work together, we can appreciate how our bodies function and stay healthy.

Class Activity Discussion

1. What are body systems?
   • Body systems are groups of organs and tissues that work together to do important jobs in our body.
2. How do body systems work together?
   • They work together by performing different functions to keep our body healthy and functioning properly.
3. What does the respiratory system do?
   • The respiratory system helps us breathe by bringing air into our body and removing carbon dioxide.
4. Which organs are part of the respiratory system?
   • The lungs, nose, and windpipe (trachea) are all part of the respiratory system.
5. Why is the digestive system important?
   • The digestive system breaks down food into simpler forms so our body can absorb nutrients and stay healthy.
6. What are the organs involved in digestion?
   • Organs like the mouth, stomach, and intestines help digest food and eliminate waste from our body.
7. What is the role of the cardiovascular system?
   • The cardiovascular system transports oxygen and nutrients to all parts of our body through the blood.
8. Which organ is the pumping station of the body?
   • The heart is the pumping station that circulates blood throughout our body.
9. What is the muscular system responsible for?
   • The muscular system controls movement in our body and helps us move voluntarily.
10. Give an example of voluntary muscles.
    • Muscles in our arms and legs that we can control are examples of voluntary muscles.
11. What is the skeletal system made up of?
    • The skeletal system is made up of bones that give our body its shape and support.
12. How many bones are there in the adult body?
    • There are about 206 bones in the body of a grown-up adult.
13. What are joints and what is their function?
    • Joints are places where two bones meet, and they enable movement in our body.
14. Are all muscles in our body voluntary?
    • No, some muscles like those in our heart and stomach work involuntarily without our control.
15. Why is it important to understand body systems?
    • Understanding body systems helps us know how our body works and how to keep it healthy.

Evaluation

1. The respiratory system is responsible for ________. a) Thinking b) Breathing c) Walking d) Sleeping
2. Which organs are part of the respiratory system? a) Liver, kidneys, and bladder b) Lungs, nose, and windpipe c) Stomach, intestines, and pancreas d) Heart, arteries, and veins
3. What process breaks down food into simpler forms for absorption? a) Circulation b) Digestion c) Respiration d) Excretion
4. What are the organs involved in the digestion of food? a) Eyes, ears, and mouth b) Nose, ears, and throat c) Mouth, stomach, and intestines d) Heart, lungs, and liver
5. What is another name for the cardiovascular system? a) Nervous system b) Respiratory system c) Circulatory system d) Muscular system
6. What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system? a) Pumping blood b) Pumping air c) Pumping water d) Pumping food
7. Which system controls movement in the body? a) Respiratory system b) Muscular system c) Digestive system d) Skeletal system
8. What are voluntary muscles? a) Muscles you control b) Muscles you don’t control c) Muscles in the heart d) Muscles in the stomach
9. What is the bony framework of the body called? a) Muscular system b) Skeletal system c) Respiratory system d) Digestive system
10. How many bones are there in the adult body? a) About 50 b) About 100 c) About 206 d) About 500
11. What are joints responsible for? a) Pumping blood b) Controlling movement c) Breathing air d) Digesting food
12. Which system removes waste products from the body? a) Digestive system b) Circulatory system c) Respiratory system d) Excretory system
13. What is the primary function of the respiratory system? a) Bringing air into the body b) Pumping blood c) Digesting food d) Controlling movement
14. What do muscles attached to the bones help with? a) Breathing b) Pumping blood c) Controlling movement d) Digesting food
15. What is the role of the cardiovascular system? a) Transportation of oxygen and nutrients b) Digesting food c) Controlling movement d) Breathing

Presentation:

1. Step 1: Revision of Previous Topic
   • Briefly review previous lessons on the human body and organs.
   • Engage students in a discussion about what they remember.
2. Step 2: Introduction to New Topic
   • Introduce the concept of body systems and their importance.
   • Present an overview of the five main body systems to be discussed.
3. Step 3: Exploration of Body Systems
   • Present each body system individually, providing explanations and examples.
   • Use visual aids and interactive activities to enhance understanding.
   • Encourage students to ask questions and participate actively in discussions.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Facilitate discussions and presentations.
• Provide explanations and clarifications as needed.
• Organize interactive activities to engage students.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen attentively to the teacher’s explanations.
• Participate actively in discussions and activities.
• Ask questions to seek clarification.
• Work collaboratively with classmates in group activities.

Assessment:

• Observe students’ participation and engagement during discussions and activities.
• Review completed worksheets or assignments related to body systems.
• Conduct informal quizzes or games to assess understanding.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What are body systems?
2. Name one organ in the respiratory system.
3. What is the function of the digestive system?
4. How does the cardiovascular system transport nutrients in the body?
5. Define the muscular system.
6. How many bones are there in the adult human body?
7. What is the purpose of joints in the skeletal system?
8. How does the respiratory system help us breathe?
9. Explain the role of the heart in the circulatory system.
10. Why is it important to understand body systems for overall health?

Conclusion:

• Recap key points discussed during the lesson.
• Address any remaining questions or concerns.
• Provide feedback on students’ understanding and participation.
• Assign homework or additional activities to reinforce learning.