EXPORT PROMOTION AND CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION IN AGRICULTURE

Subject : Agricultural Science

Term : Second Term

Week : Week 4

Class : jss 3, Year 9

Topic : Cooperatives Societies in Agriculture:

Average age :  12

Reference Book : Agricultural Science for JSS 3 by Are et al.

Behavior Objectives :  At the end of the lesson. Pupils should be able to

a) to say the meaning  of export

b) mention various agricultural products that are exported out of Nigeria

c) say the importance of exportation to the state of the country  economy

Instructional materials : Wall charts, textbooks, pictures on card boards, flash cards

WEEK 4

DATE:………………………………….

TOPIC: EXPORT PROMOTION IN AGRICULTURE

CONTENT:(a) Meaning of export promotion

(b) Examples of Nigerian export produce

(c) Importance of export promotion

Sub-Topic 1:MEANING OF EXPORT AND EXPORT PROMOTION

Export: is the selling of goods and services across the national boundaries of other countries.  A person or country that does this is an exporter.

Export promotion: is a set of activities that brings about increase in the sale of agricultural produce to other nations. It also refers to encouraging the sale of Nigerian produce in other countries. The Nigerian climate favours the production of certain crops and animals products above some other countries of the world, hence, the need to encourage the exportation of these crops to other countries to gain foreign exchange which will be used to import other goods that we need.

The activities that constitute export promotion include:

1. Identification of products and markets.
2. Location of new investment opportunities.

iii. Supply trade information.

1. Provision of support services.
2. Organizing trade fairs and trade missions.

Export Promotion in Agriculture

Export Promotion

Export promotion refers to the collective programmes a country has to help organizations sell their products abroad. In Nigeria, export promotion refers to programmes and activities put in place by public or private sector to encourage the sales of Nigeria produce on other countries. It is a strategy for economic development for a country based on encouraging domestic producer to export their produce to other countries and earn foreign exchange which can be used to purchase other goods not available in the country.

Examples of Nigeria Export Produce  

Export crops are crops which are cultivated in Nigeria and at maturity are harvested, processed and packaged for sale to another country.

Major crops are

1. Cocoa – The second major non-oil foreign exchange earner in Nigeria after leather. It is produced in 16 states of the country.
2. Cotton – A major agricultural and industrial crop. It is produced in 24 states of the country.
3. Palm oil
4. Rubber
5. Cassava – Grown in all states of Nigeria.
6. Cashew nuts – Produced in 28 states of the federation.
7. Sesame seeds
8. Palm kernel
9. Gum Arabic – It is produced in 14 states of Nigeria. Annual production is about 20,000 metric tonnes.
10. Sorghum

Cashew Nut

Cocoa

Gum Arabic

Palm Kernel

Rubber

Sesame Seed

Sorghum

Importance of Export Promotion

1. Foreign exchange earning
2. It advises exporters on quality standard, packaging, product design and adaptation.
3. Creation of wealth to farmers
4. Generation of employment
5. It serves as a necessary tool for trade expansion
6. Provision of raw materials for industries
7. Provision of market for industrial goods
8. Diversification of the economy
9. It attracts new investments both foreign and domestic  hence it helps to create employment
10. It encourages exportation of non-oil commodities in order to diversify our revenue instead of depending on oil
11. Provision of finished products

Practice Question

1. List 5 major crops exported to other countries from Nigeria
2. How is export promotion important to a Nation

Answers

1. Cocoa
   Cotton
   Palm oil
   Rubber
   Cassava
   Cashew nuts
   Palm Kernel
2. Creation of Employment through the attraction of both foreign and domestic investors. More jobs are created and the able bodied men get employed
   Creation of wealth to farmers
   Diversification in the economy
   Provision of raw materails for industries
   The country earns more money from foreign exchange

EXAMPLES OF NIGERIAN EXPORT PRODUCE

The Nigerian export produce includes:

1. palm produce                               vii. Ginger
2. Cocoa viii. Sesame seeds

iii. CoffeeiX. Cashew

1. Soyabeansx. Cassava
2. Hides and skin xi. Cotton
3. Groundnut

viii. Maize

A marketing or distribution channel consists of the various routes or pathways through which farm produce farm (producer) to the consumer. Market channel is very important because it shows at a glance the various ways through which the farm produce move from the producer to the final consumer.

1. The Producers – These are people who are engaged in production but also sell directly to final consumers
2. Local Market – This is where buyers and sellers are in close contact. The producer brings goods to the market and buyers buy from them
3. Wholesaler and Retailer – The middlemen as they are called are a link through which the farm produce are bought from the producers and sold to the consumers
4. Cooperative Society – They buy goods in large quantities  and distribute to their members who are final consumers
5. Commissioned Agents – These are agents who act on behalf of the principal. They buy goods in large quantities and sell to the marketing board or other exporter and then collect their commission.
6. Marketing Board – These are agencies or public corporation set up by the government to buy agricultural produce from the farmers and market them either internally or outside the country. Marketing boards are mainly concerned with the marketing of export commodities such as cocoa, cotton, rubber, groundnut, palm produce and coffee.

Groundnut Pyramid in Kano

Activities taking place at the channels for Agricultural Distribution

• Farm level processing – This involves the transportation of farm produce from their original state to forms which make them consumable or easy to sell
• Grading or Sorting – This involves selecting produce and placing them in groups according to their sizes, weight and quality
• Transportation – This involves the movement of farm produce from the producer or warehouse to the markets. It makes goods produced in one geographical area available in another area are needed by consumers
• Loading – This involves the movement of farm produce from warehouse or point of production into vehicles , train, ship etc and arranged for them to be transported to the market or where they are needed by the consumer
• Off – loading – This involves the movement of goods from the vehicles or train to th warehouse or market
• Packaging – This involves the process of arranging the produce into different packs or easy storage. Sack, drums, tins, bags etc are used for packaging.

Challenges in or Problems of Agricultural Marketing

1. Bulkiness of farm produce – Some farm produce are bulky and difficult to transport e.g cattle, goat, sheep
2. Transportation problems – Bad roads and inadequate transportation facilities prevent the movement of goods from one place to another
3. Problem of perishability – Most farm produce are perishable and are easily damaged
4. Inadequate storage facilities – Farm produce are wasted every year due to lack of storage facilities
5. Poor financing – Buyers do not have enough money to handle farm produce
6. Inadequate Basic Amenities – Amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water and telephone which facilitate marketing or farm produce are not available

Sub-Topic 2: IMPORTANCE OF EXPORT PROMOTION

1. It increases the income of farmers.
2. It attracts foreign currency or foreign exchange.
3. It leads to specialization.
4. It encourages economic development.
5. It creates employment opportunities.
6. It helps the country to escape from deficit balance of payment.
7. It provides markets for locally produced goods.

EVALUATION

1. List five Nigerian export produce.
2. Mention three importance of export promotion.

Weekend Assignment

Objective Test:

1. Exportation improves the ———- of the farmers.
2. debt B. stock C. income         D. land
3. Which of the following is not an export farm produce?
4. salt B. eggs C. groundnut oil     D. yam flour
5. Groundnut is an important export product of ———–
6. Kano B. Lagos C. Enugu     D. Badagry
7. Goods exported out of Nigeria are paid for in —–
8. Naira B. foreign exchange C. stock exchange      D. trade by barter
9. Nigeria import all the following with the exception of ———–
10. motor cars B. electronics C. agrochemicals     D. cassava

Essay Test:

1. Mention three importance of export promotion.
2. List 4 examples of Nigerian Export products and areas of production.

Practice Questions

1.  ____ are agencies or public corporation set up by the government to buy agricultural produce from the farmers and market them either internally or outside the country.
2. _____ is where buyers and sellers are in close contact
3. _____ involves selecting produce and placing them in groups according to their sizes, weight and quality
4. _____  involves the process of arranging the produce into different packs or easy storage
5. _____ are the middlemen who act as a link through which the farm produce are bought from the producers and sold to the consumers
6. _____ involves the movement of farm produce from warehouse or point of production into vehicles , train, ship

Answers

1. Marketing Board
2. Local Market
3. Grading or Sorting
4. Packaging
5. Wholesalers and Retailers
6. Loading

Presentation

Step one :The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step two : The class teacher introduces the new topic

Step three : He or she arouse the pupils interest by making the class alive, warm and interesting by making use of various instructional materials like pictures on books or cardboard or making online reference with phones, laptop or desktop computer

Conclusion : The class teacher gives out a summary of the note on the board and he goes round to mark ‘

He or she also doe the necessary corrections