Introduction to Figures of Speech Literature English Grammar JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 9
Subject: Literature in English
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 9
Topic: Introduction to Figures of Speech
Duration: 40 minutes
Age: 12–13 years
Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define figures of speech.
- Identify common figures of speech such as simile, metaphor, and irony.
- Use figures of speech correctly in sentences.
Keywords:
- Figures of speech
- Simile
- Metaphor
- Irony
Set Induction:
Begin by asking students to describe things they like using comparisons. Lead them into understanding how we use figures of speech in everyday language.
Entry Behaviour:
Students should have basic knowledge of descriptive language and storytelling.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Whiteboard and markers
- Recommended literature text
- Examples of figures of speech in everyday sentences
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Students are familiar with descriptive language and have read stories where figurative expressions were used.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Critical thinking
- Communication skills
- Creativity
Learning Materials:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Recommended literature text
Instructional Materials:
- Whiteboard
- Examples of figures of speech from texts
Content:
I. Figures of Speech:
Figures of speech are expressions that use words in a non-literal way to create an effect or make a comparison. They are often used to make language more vivid or imaginative.
II. Common Figures of Speech:
- Simile: A figure of speech that compares two different things using the words “like” or “as.”
- Example: “She is as brave as a lion.”
- Metaphor: A figure of speech that directly compares two different things without using “like” or “as.”
- Example: “The classroom was a zoo.”
- Irony: A figure of speech where the intended meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, often for humorous or emphatic effect.
- Example: “It’s a great day for a picnic,” she said as it started raining.
III. Other Figures of Speech:
- Personification: Giving human qualities to non-human things.
- Example: “The wind whispered through the trees.”
- Hyperbole: An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally.
- Example: “I’ve told you a million times.”
- Onomatopoeia: Words that imitate sounds.
- Example: “The bees buzzed around the flowers.”
Evaluation:
15 Fill-in-the-blank Questions with Options:
- A figure of speech that uses “like” or “as” to compare two things is called a ___.
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Irony
d. Hyperbole - A metaphor compares two things ___.
a. Using “like” or “as”
b. Directly
c. With exaggeration
d. For humorous effect - Irony occurs when the intended meaning is ___ to the literal meaning.
a. Similar
b. Opposite
c. Literal
d. Clear - The phrase “He is a shining star” is an example of a ___.
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Irony
d. Personification - “Her smile was as bright as the sun” is an example of a ___.
a. Metaphor
b. Simile
c. Irony
d. Hyperbole - Personification gives human qualities to ___.
a. Animals
b. Non-human things
c. Plants
d. People - “The leaves danced in the wind” is an example of ___.
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Hyperbole
d. Personification - “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse” is an example of ___.
a. Simile
b. Hyperbole
c. Irony
d. Personification - “The bees buzzed” is an example of ___.
a. Onomatopoeia
b. Simile
c. Metaphor
d. Irony - “It’s freezing cold in here!” said in a hot room is an example of ___.
a. Metaphor
b. Irony
c. Hyperbole
d. Simile - “He runs like the wind” is an example of ___.
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Personification
d. Hyperbole - “The car roared down the street” is an example of ___.
a. Irony
b. Personification
c. Onomatopoeia
d. Simile - A figure of speech that exaggerates is called ___.
a. Hyperbole
b. Metaphor
c. Irony
d. Personification - “The mountain was as tall as the sky” is an example of ___.
a. Metaphor
b. Simile
c. Personification
d. Hyperbole - “Her eyes sparkled like diamonds” is an example of a ___.
a. Simile
b. Metaphor
c. Hyperbole
d. Irony
Class Activity Discussion (15 FAQs with Answers):
- What is a figure of speech?
A figure of speech is a word or phrase used in a non-literal way to create an effect or comparison. - What is a simile?
A simile compares two things using “like” or “as.” - What is a metaphor?
A metaphor directly compares two things without using “like” or “as.” - What is irony?
Irony occurs when the intended meaning is the opposite of the literal meaning. - What is personification?
Personification gives human qualities to non-human things. - Can you give an example of hyperbole?
“I’ve told you a million times.” - What is onomatopoeia?
Onomatopoeia is when words imitate sounds. - Why do we use figures of speech?
We use figures of speech to make language more vivid and imaginative. - What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor?
A simile uses “like” or “as” while a metaphor makes a direct comparison. - Can you give an example of personification?
“The sun smiled down on us.” - What is hyperbole used for?
Hyperbole is used to exaggerate for emphasis. - How is irony used in speech?
Irony is used to create a humorous or emphatic effect by saying the opposite of what is meant. - What are some examples of onomatopoeia?
“Buzz,” “splash,” “bang.” - What is the purpose of a simile?
A simile creates a comparison between two different things to make a description more vivid. - How can you identify a metaphor?
A metaphor directly states that one thing is another, without using “like” or “as.”
Presentation:
- Step 1: The teacher revises the previous lesson on literary terms.
- Teacher’s Activities: Review what students know about descriptive language.
- Learners’ Activities: Recall prior knowledge of language.
- Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic on figures of speech.
- Teacher’s Activities: Explain and give examples of similes, metaphors, and irony.
- Learners’ Activities: Follow along and take notes.
- Step 3: The teacher provides examples of figures of speech in sentences and asks students to identify them.
- Teacher’s Activities: Engage students with examples and discussions.
- Learners’ Activities: Identify and create their own examples.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Provide definitions and examples of figures of speech.
- Guide students in identifying figures of speech in sentences.
Learners’ Activities:
- Identify figures of speech in given sentences.
- Write sentences using similes, metaphors, and irony.
Evaluation:
10 Short Answer Questions (Evaluation Questions):
- Define a simile.
- What is a metaphor?
- How does irony work in speech?
- Give an example of a simile.
- What is personification?
- Give an example of a metaphor.
- What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor?
- Define hyperbole.
- Give an example of irony.
- What is onomatopoeia?
Conclusion:
The teacher goes around to mark students’ work and provides feedback on their understanding of figures of speech.
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