Understanding Speech and the Organs of Speech English Grammar JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 1
English Grammar JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes
Subject: English Language
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 1
Age: 10-12 years
Topic: Speech Work
Sub-topic:
- Introduction to Speech
- Organs of Speech
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define speech.
- Identify the organs of speech.
- Explain the functions of the organs of speech.
- Demonstrate the use of the organs of speech in pronouncing words.
Keywords:
- Speech
- Organs of speech
- Pronunciation
- Sounds
Set Induction:
The teacher will ask the students how they use their mouth and voice to speak to introduce the lesson.
Entry Behaviour:
Students can communicate with others through speech.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Flashcards with pictures of the human speech organs.
- Diagram showing the organs of speech.
- Audio clips of different speech sounds.
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Students have been communicating through speech, but they may not know the specific organs that help them in speaking.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Communication
- Critical thinking
- Listening skills
Reference Books:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- English Language for JSS 1 by Eyo Johnson
Instructional Materials:
- Flashcards
- Charts
- Audio clips
- Pictures
Content:
1. Introduction to Speech
- Speech refers to the act of producing sounds to communicate ideas or information.
- It involves the use of various parts of the body called the organs of speech to form sounds that make up words.
2. Organs of Speech
The organs of speech are parts of the body involved in producing speech sounds. These include:
- Lungs: Provide the air needed for speech.
- Larynx (Voice Box): Produces voice or sound through the vibration of the vocal cords.
- Tongue: Shapes sounds into specific speech sounds.
- Teeth: Helps in the pronunciation of certain sounds like /t/, /d/, /s/.
- Lips: Important for forming sounds such as /p/, /b/, and /m/.
- Palate (Roof of the Mouth): Divided into the hard and soft palate, helps in sound articulation.
- Nose: Plays a role in nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.
- The organs of speech are parts of the human body which are used for speech production.
The lung serves as the power house from which air flows. When we speak, we breathe normally and as the
stream of air flows out from the lungs through the narrow space of the wind-pipe some sounds are produced.
We produce different speech sounds with the help of the vocal cords, the
velum, hard palate, alveolar ridge, teeth, lips and the tongue as the airstream flows from the lungs.
As the airstream flows from the lungs during the production of speech sounds, a special organ
called the larynx modifies the sounds. When the vocal cords are placed edge to edge, the glottis
becomes narrow and when the airstream flow, the vocal cords vibrate. Then voiced sounds are
produced when the vocal cords are drawn apart airstream flows easily. So, the vocal cords do not
vibrate and voiceless sounds are produced.
All the vowels of English are voiced. A consonant sound may be ‘voiced’ or ‘voiceless’
Evaluation
1. List all the organs of speech.
2. What happens when the vocal cords are placed edge to edge during the production of a sound?
3. What happens when the vocal cords are drawn apart?
Reading Assignment
Organs of speech
Reference: Oral English for Schools and Colleges. Pages 1, 2, &3
15 Fill-in-the-blank Questions:
- Speech is the act of producing ____ to communicate.
a) Food
b) Sounds
c) Words
d) Ideas - The ____ provides the air needed for speech.
a) Stomach
b) Heart
c) Lungs
d) Brain - The ____ helps in the pronunciation of sounds like /t/ and /d/.
a) Lips
b) Teeth
c) Tongue
d) Lungs - The ____ produces voice or sound through the vibration of the vocal cords.
a) Larynx
b) Lungs
c) Tongue
d) Palate - The ____ is important for forming sounds such as /p/, /b/, and /m/.
a) Nose
b) Lips
c) Tongue
d) Palate - The roof of the mouth is called the ____.
a) Nose
b) Larynx
c) Palate
d) Tongue - The ____ plays a role in nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.
a) Palate
b) Teeth
c) Nose
d) Lips - The ____ shapes sounds into specific speech sounds.
a) Lungs
b) Teeth
c) Tongue
d) Palate - The ____ provides the airflow necessary for producing speech.
a) Teeth
b) Lungs
c) Tongue
d) Lips - The vocal cords are located in the ____.
a) Nose
b) Lungs
c) Larynx
d) Tongue - The ____ helps in the production of speech sounds like /t/ and /d/.
a) Lips
b) Teeth
c) Lungs
d) Palate - ____ are necessary for forming many of the sounds used in speech.
a) Palates
b) Lips
c) Teeth
d) Lungs - The part of the body responsible for voice production is the ____.
a) Lungs
b) Larynx
c) Teeth
d) Palate - The ____ divides into the hard and soft parts.
a) Nose
b) Tongue
c) Palate
d) Larynx - The ____ is responsible for shaping the sound of speech into specific words.
a) Teeth
b) Lips
c) Lungs
d) Tongue
15 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
- What is speech?
Speech is the act of producing sounds to communicate information. - What organs are involved in speech?
The lungs, larynx, tongue, teeth, lips, palate, and nose are involved in speech. - Why is the tongue important in speech?
The tongue shapes sounds and helps pronounce different speech sounds. - What role does the larynx play in speech?
The larynx produces sound by vibrating the vocal cords. - Which organ helps in producing nasal sounds?
The nose is responsible for nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/. - How do the lungs contribute to speech?
The lungs provide the air needed for speech production. - What sounds do the lips help produce?
The lips help in producing sounds like /p/, /b/, and /m/. - How does the palate help in speech?
The palate helps in the articulation of sounds, dividing into the hard and soft palate. - Which sounds are produced with the help of the teeth?
Sounds like /t/, /d/, and /s/ are produced with the help of the teeth. - What part of the body is known as the voice box?
The larynx is also known as the voice box. - What is the role of the vocal cords in speech?
The vocal cords vibrate to produce sound. - Which organ is used to form speech sounds like /t/ and /d/?
The tongue and teeth are used to form sounds like /t/ and /d/. - What is the function of the nose in speech?
The nose helps in the production of nasal sounds. - How does the tongue shape sounds?
The tongue moves in various ways to shape different speech sounds. - Why are the teeth important for speech?
The teeth help in forming certain speech sounds and in clear articulation.
Presentation:
Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic (if any).
Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic, explaining what speech is and the organs involved.
Step 3: The teacher uses diagrams, flashcards, and audio to demonstrate how speech sounds are formed using the organs of speech.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Explain the concept of speech.
- Show the diagram of speech organs.
- Guide students to pronounce words using their speech organs.
- Ask questions to assess understanding.
Learners’ Activities:
- Listen attentively to the teacher.
- Look at the diagram of the organs of speech.
- Practice pronouncing words using the organs of speech.
- Answer the teacher’s questions.
Assessment:
- What is speech?
- List five organs of speech.
- Explain the function of the tongue in speech.
- How do the lungs contribute to speech?
- Which organ helps in the production of nasal sounds?
Ten Evaluation Questions:
- Define speech.
- Mention three organs of speech.
- What is the function of the larynx?
- How do the teeth help in speech?
- List two nasal sounds.
- What is the role of the lips in speech?
- Explain how the lungs are involved in producing sound.
- Why is the tongue important for pronouncing words?
- What is the function of the palate?
- How does the nose contribute to speech production?
Conclusion:
The teacher goes around to mark and check the students’ understanding, providing further explanations where necessary.