Identification of Odd and Even Numbers, Prime Numbers, LCM, HCF, and Quantitative Reasoning Mathematics Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5

Mathematics Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes

Week: 5
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Primary 5
Term: First Term
Age: 10 years
Topic: Prime Numbers
Sub-Topics:

1. Identification of Odd and Even Numbers
2. Identification of Prime Numbers Less Than 200
3. Lowest Common Multiples (LCM)
4. Highest Common Factor (HCF)
5. Quantitative Reasoning

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify odd and even numbers from a given set.
2. Categorize prime numbers less than 200 from a set of numbers.
3. Solve problems involving the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM).
4. Determine the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of given numbers.
5. Solve quantitative aptitude problems related to prime numbers and factors.

Keywords:

• Prime numbers
• Odd numbers
• Even numbers
• Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
• Highest Common Factor (HCF)

Set Induction:
The teacher will start by discussing the concept of numbers in everyday life, asking pupils to list numbers they know are even or odd. This will lead into the introduction of prime numbers and factors.

Entry Behaviour:
Pupils should be familiar with basic number classification (odd/even) and simple multiplication and division.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Number charts
2. Prime number charts
3. Worksheets for practice
4. Flashcards with LCM and HCF problems

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: The teacher will review basic concepts of odd and even numbers and introduce the idea of prime numbers. Pupils will then connect these concepts to LCM and HCF.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Analytical reasoning
• Problem-solving
• Mathematical operations

Learning Materials:

1. Number charts
2. Prime number charts
3. Worksheets
4. Flashcards

Reference Books:
Lagos State Scheme of Work, Primary 5 Mathematics Textbook

Instructional Materials:

1. Number charts
2. Flashcards
3. Worksheets

Content:

1. Identification of Odd and Even Numbers
   • Definition and examples of odd and even numbers.
   • Practice problems to categorize numbers as odd or even.
2. Identification of Prime Numbers Less Than 200
   • Definition and examples of prime numbers.
   • List and identify prime numbers less than 200.
3. Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
   • Definition and methods to find the LCM of given numbers.
   • Examples and practice problems.
4. Highest Common Factor (HCF)
   • Definition and methods to find the HCF of given numbers.
   • Examples and practice problems.
5. Quantitative Reasoning Involving Prime Numbers and Factors
   • Application of LCM and HCF in solving real-life problems.
   • Practice problems and examples.

Class Activity Discussion

1. The number 2 is a __________ number.
   a) Prime
   b) Composite
   c) Odd
   d) Even
2. The highest common factor of 12 and 15 is __________.
   a) 3
   b) 5
   c) 1
   d) 6
3. The lowest common multiple of 4 and 6 is __________.
   a) 24
   b) 12
   c) 18
   d) 20
4. 17 is a __________ number.
   a) Prime
   b) Composite
   c) Even
   d) Odd
5. The number 4 is a __________ number.
   a) Prime
   b) Composite
   c) Odd
   d) Even
6. The LCM of 5 and 7 is __________.
   a) 35
   b) 12
   c) 15
   d) 25
7. The HCF of 8 and 14 is __________.
   a) 2
   b) 4
   c) 7
   d) 1
8. 23 is a __________ number.
   a) Prime
   b) Composite
   c) Even
   d) Odd
9. The prime numbers less than 10 are __________.
   a) 2, 3, 5, 7
   b) 1, 2, 4, 7
   c) 2, 4, 6, 8
   d) 3, 5, 6, 9
10. The HCF of 18 and 24 is __________.
    a) 6
    b) 12
    c) 3
    d) 9
11. The LCM of 8 and 12 is __________.
    a) 24
    b) 48
    c) 36
    d) 12
12. The number 9 is a __________ number.
    a) Prime
    b) Composite
    c) Odd
    d) Even
13. The prime numbers less than 30 include __________.
    a) 29, 23, 19, 13
    b) 15, 20, 25, 28
    c) 5, 10, 15, 25
    d) 4, 6, 8, 10
14. The HCF of 30 and 45 is __________.
    a) 5
    b) 10
    c) 15
    d) 20
15. The LCM of 3 and 9 is __________.
    a) 9
    b) 12
    c) 27
    d) 6

Class Activity Discussion

1. Q: How do you identify a prime number?
   A: A prime number has exactly two distinct factors: 1 and itself.
2. Q: What is the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 8?
   A: The LCM is 24.
3. Q: How do you find the highest common factor (HCF) of two numbers?
   A: List the factors of both numbers and find the largest factor that is common to both.
4. Q: Is 29 a prime number?
   A: Yes, 29 is a prime number.
5. Q: How do you calculate the LCM of 15 and 25?
   A: The LCM is 75.
6. Q: What is the HCF of 24 and 36?
   A: The HCF is 12.
7. Q: How do you identify even numbers?
   A: Even numbers are divisible by 2 without a remainder.
8. Q: What is the difference between a prime number and a composite number?
   A: A prime number has only two factors, while a composite number has more than two factors.
9. Q: How do you determine if a number is odd?
   A: Odd numbers are not divisible by 2 and have a remainder of 1 when divided by 2.
10. Q: What are the prime numbers less than 50?
    A: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47.
11. Q: What is the LCM of 10 and 15?
    A: The LCM is 30.
12. Q: How do you solve problems involving LCM and HCF in real life?
    A: Use LCM to find common multiples for scheduling, and HCF to determine common factors for sharing.
13. Q: Is 21 a prime number?
    A: No, 21 is a composite number because it has more than two factors.
14. Q: What is the HCF of 42 and 56?
    A: The HCF is 14.
15. Q: How do you find the prime numbers in a set?
    A: Check each number to see if it has only two distinct factors: 1 and itself.

Presentation:

Step 1: Review basic concepts of odd and even numbers, and introduce prime numbers.

Step 2: Explain and demonstrate how to find the LCM and HCF of numbers.

Step 3: Solve real-life problems involving prime numbers, LCM, and HCF.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Demonstrate the identification of prime numbers and the calculation of LCM and HCF using examples.
• Provide practice problems and guide pupils through solving them.
• Use number charts and flashcards to illustrate concepts.

Learners’ Activities:

• Solve problems involving prime numbers, LCM, and HCF on worksheets.
• Participate in discussions and problem-solving exercises related to real-life applications of these concepts.

Assessment:

1. The number 12 is __________.
2. The prime numbers less than 20 are __________.
3. The HCF of 24 and 30 is __________.
4. The LCM of 9 and 12 is __________.
5. The number 18 is __________.
6. The LCM of 5 and 15 is __________.
7. The HCF of 40 and 60 is __________.
8. The number 31 is __________.
9. The LCM of 7 and 14 is __________.
10. The HCF of 21 and 28 is __________.
11. The prime numbers less than 50 include __________.
12. The LCM of 8 and 10 is __________.
13. The number 50 is __________.
14. The HCF of 35 and 50 is __________.
15. The LCM of 4 and 9 is __________.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the prime number between 30 and 40?
2. The HCF of 60 and 80 is __________.
3. The LCM of 11 and 22 is __________.
4. Identify the prime numbers less than 15.
5. The HCF of 54 and 72 is __________.
6. What is the LCM of 12 and 18?
7. The prime number less than 25 are __________.
8. What is the HCF of 27 and 36?
9. The LCM of 14 and 21 is __________.
10. The number 99 is __________.
11. Identify the LCM of 20 and 25.
12. What is the HCF of 44 and 88?
13. The number 2 is __________.
14. The prime numbers between 20 and 30 include __________.
15. The HCF of 16 and 32 is __________.

Conclusion:

The teacher will review pupils’ answers, provide feedback, and correct any misunderstandings. Pupils will discuss how they used prime numbers, LCM, and HCF in real-life problems and reflect on their learning.

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