Identification of Odd and Even Numbers, Prime Numbers, LCM, HCF, and Quantitative Reasoning Mathematics Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5
Mathematics Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes
Week: 5
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Primary 5
Term: First Term
Age: 10 years
Topic: Prime Numbers
Sub-Topics:
- Identification of Odd and Even Numbers
- Identification of Prime Numbers Less Than 200
- Lowest Common Multiples (LCM)
- Highest Common Factor (HCF)
- Quantitative Reasoning
Duration: 40 minutes
Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Identify odd and even numbers from a given set.
- Categorize prime numbers less than 200 from a set of numbers.
- Solve problems involving the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM).
- Determine the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of given numbers.
- Solve quantitative aptitude problems related to prime numbers and factors.
Keywords:
- Prime numbers
- Odd numbers
- Even numbers
- Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
- Highest Common Factor (HCF)
Set Induction:
The teacher will start by discussing the concept of numbers in everyday life, asking pupils to list numbers they know are even or odd. This will lead into the introduction of prime numbers and factors.
Entry Behaviour:
Pupils should be familiar with basic number classification (odd/even) and simple multiplication and division.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Number charts
- Prime number charts
- Worksheets for practice
- Flashcards with LCM and HCF problems
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge: The teacher will review basic concepts of odd and even numbers and introduce the idea of prime numbers. Pupils will then connect these concepts to LCM and HCF.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Analytical reasoning
- Problem-solving
- Mathematical operations
Learning Materials:
- Number charts
- Prime number charts
- Worksheets
- Flashcards
Reference Books:
Lagos State Scheme of Work, Primary 5 Mathematics Textbook
Instructional Materials:
- Number charts
- Flashcards
- Worksheets
Content:
- Identification of Odd and Even Numbers
- Definition and examples of odd and even numbers.
- Practice problems to categorize numbers as odd or even.
- Identification of Prime Numbers Less Than 200
- Definition and examples of prime numbers.
- List and identify prime numbers less than 200.
- Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
- Definition and methods to find the LCM of given numbers.
- Examples and practice problems.
- Highest Common Factor (HCF)
- Definition and methods to find the HCF of given numbers.
- Examples and practice problems.
- Quantitative Reasoning Involving Prime Numbers and Factors
- Application of LCM and HCF in solving real-life problems.
- Practice problems and examples.
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Primary 5
Topic: Identification of Odd and Even Numbers, Prime Numbers, LCM, HCF, and Quantitative Reasoning
Identification of Odd and Even Numbers
- Definition and Examples:
- Even Numbers: Numbers divisible by 2 (e.g., 2, 4, 6).
- Odd Numbers: Numbers not divisible by 2 (e.g., 1, 3, 5).
Examples:
- Even: 8, 24, 50
- Odd: 13, 27, 39
- Practice Problems:
- Problem 1: Is 45 odd or even?
- Answer: Odd
- Problem 2: Is 82 odd or even?
- Answer: Even
- Problem 3: Classify 101 as odd or even.
- Answer: Odd
- Problem 4: Classify 60 as odd or even.
- Answer: Even
- Problem 5: Is 139 odd or even?
- Answer: Odd
- Problem 1: Is 45 odd or even?
Identification of Prime Numbers Less Than 200
- Definition and Examples:
- Prime Numbers: Numbers greater than 1 that have no divisors other than 1 and itself (e.g., 2, 3, 5).
Examples:
- Prime Numbers Less Than 200: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199
- Practice Problems:
- Problem 1: Identify if 53 is a prime number.
- Answer: Yes
- Problem 2: Is 84 a prime number?
- Answer: No
- Problem 3: Determine if 97 is a prime number.
- Answer: Yes
- Problem 4: Is 100 a prime number?
- Answer: No
- Problem 5: Check if 149 is a prime number.
- Answer: Yes
- Problem 1: Identify if 53 is a prime number.
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
- Definition and Methods:
- LCM: The smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by each of two or more numbers.
- Method: List multiples of each number and find the smallest common multiple.
Examples:
- LCM of 4 and 6: Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16; Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18. LCM = 12
- LCM of 5 and 7: Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30; Multiples of 7: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42. LCM = 35
- Practice Problems:
- Problem 1: Find the LCM of 8 and 12.
- Answer: 24
- Problem 2: Find the LCM of 9 and 15.
- Answer: 45
- Problem 3: Find the LCM of 6 and 14.
- Answer: 42
- Problem 4: Find the LCM of 10 and 20.
- Answer: 20
- Problem 5: Find the LCM of 11 and 13.
- Answer: 143
- Problem 1: Find the LCM of 8 and 12.
Highest Common Factor (HCF)
- Definition and Methods:
- HCF: The largest number that divides exactly into two or more numbers.
- Method: List factors of each number and find the greatest common factor.
Examples:
- HCF of 12 and 18: Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12; Factors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18. HCF = 6
- HCF of 20 and 30: Factors of 20: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20; Factors of 30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30. HCF = 10
- Practice Problems:
- Problem 1: Find the HCF of 24 and 36.
- Answer: 12
- Problem 2: Find the HCF of 54 and 72.
- Answer: 18
- Problem 3: Find the HCF of 40 and 60.
- Answer: 20
- Problem 4: Find the HCF of 48 and 64.
- Answer: 16
- Problem 5: Find the HCF of 90 and 120.
- Answer: 30
- Problem 1: Find the HCF of 24 and 36.
Quantitative Reasoning Involving Prime Numbers and Factors
- Application of LCM and HCF:
- Problem 1: Two events occur every 12 and 15 days, respectively. When will they both occur on the same day?
- Answer: LCM of 12 and 15 = 60 days
- Problem 2: A baker uses 36 eggs and 48 cups of flour to make cakes. What is the largest number of cakes he can make using these ingredients without any leftover?
- Answer: HCF of 36 and 48 = 12 cakes
- Problem 3: A gardener plants flowers in rows of 6 and 8. What is the smallest number of flowers he can plant in each row so that all rows have the same number of flowers?
- Answer: LCM of 6 and 8 = 24 flowers per row
- Problem 1: Two events occur every 12 and 15 days, respectively. When will they both occur on the same day?
- Practice Problems:
- Problem 1: Find the smallest number that is a multiple of both 8 and 12.
- Answer: 24
- Problem 2: Find the largest number that exactly divides 45 and 60.
- Answer: 15
- Problem 3: Two machines produce items every 20 and 30 minutes. After how many minutes will they produce items at the same time?
- Answer: LCM of 20 and 30 = 60 minutes
- Problem 4: Determine the greatest number of groups you can make with 54 and 81 items without any items left over.
- Answer: HCF of 54 and 81 = 27 groups
- Problem 5: Find the smallest number that is a multiple of both 9 and 14.
- Answer: 126
- Problem 1: Find the smallest number that is a multiple of both 8 and 12.
Class Work
1. Identification of Odd and Even Numbers:
- Classify the following numbers as odd or even: 16, 29, 34, 47, 58.
- Write the first 10 even numbers and the first 10 odd numbers.
- Determine if the number 89 is odd or even.
- List 5 odd numbers between 50 and 70.
- Is 104 odd or even? Explain why.
2. Identification of Prime Numbers Less Than 200:
- Identify if the following numbers are prime or not: 11, 15, 19, 21, 23.
- Write down all the prime numbers between 1 and 50.
- Check if 91 is a prime number.
- List the prime numbers less than 100.
- Determine if 137 is a prime number.
3. Lowest Common Multiple (LCM):
- Find the LCM of 4 and 5.
- Calculate the LCM of 6 and 8.
- What is the LCM of 7 and 14?
- Determine the LCM of 10 and 15.
- Find the LCM of 9 and 12.
4. Highest Common Factor (HCF):
- Find the HCF of 18 and 24.
- Calculate the HCF of 28 and 42.
- What is the HCF of 45 and 60?
- Determine the HCF of 32 and 48.
- Find the HCF of 50 and 75.
5. Quantitative Reasoning Involving Prime Numbers and Factors:
- Two numbers are 16 and 20. Find their LCM.
- Find the HCF of 36 and 60 and explain what it represents in a real-life scenario.
- Two events occur every 8 and 12 days, respectively. After how many days will they both happen on the same day?
- A classroom has 24 and 36 chairs. What is the largest number of equal groups you can form with no chairs left over?
- Find the smallest number that is a multiple of both 5 and 9.
Class Activity Discussion
- The number 2 is a __________ number.
a) Prime
b) Composite
c) Odd
d) Even - The highest common factor of 12 and 15 is __________.
a) 3
b) 5
c) 1
d) 6 - The lowest common multiple of 4 and 6 is __________.
a) 24
b) 12
c) 18
d) 20 - 17 is a __________ number.
a) Prime
b) Composite
c) Even
d) Odd - The number 4 is a __________ number.
a) Prime
b) Composite
c) Odd
d) Even - The LCM of 5 and 7 is __________.
a) 35
b) 12
c) 15
d) 25 - The HCF of 8 and 14 is __________.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 7
d) 1 - 23 is a __________ number.
a) Prime
b) Composite
c) Even
d) Odd - The prime numbers less than 10 are __________.
a) 2, 3, 5, 7
b) 1, 2, 4, 7
c) 2, 4, 6, 8
d) 3, 5, 6, 9 - The HCF of 18 and 24 is __________.
a) 6
b) 12
c) 3
d) 9 - The LCM of 8 and 12 is __________.
a) 24
b) 48
c) 36
d) 12 - The number 9 is a __________ number.
a) Prime
b) Composite
c) Odd
d) Even - The prime numbers less than 30 include __________.
a) 29, 23, 19, 13
b) 15, 20, 25, 28
c) 5, 10, 15, 25
d) 4, 6, 8, 10 - The HCF of 30 and 45 is __________.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20 - The LCM of 3 and 9 is __________.
a) 9
b) 12
c) 27
d) 6
Class Activity Discussion
- Q: How do you identify a prime number?
A: A prime number has exactly two distinct factors: 1 and itself. - Q: What is the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 8?
A: The LCM is 24. - Q: How do you find the highest common factor (HCF) of two numbers?
A: List the factors of both numbers and find the largest factor that is common to both. - Q: Is 29 a prime number?
A: Yes, 29 is a prime number. - Q: How do you calculate the LCM of 15 and 25?
A: The LCM is 75. - Q: What is the HCF of 24 and 36?
A: The HCF is 12. - Q: How do you identify even numbers?
A: Even numbers are divisible by 2 without a remainder. - Q: What is the difference between a prime number and a composite number?
A: A prime number has only two factors, while a composite number has more than two factors. - Q: How do you determine if a number is odd?
A: Odd numbers are not divisible by 2 and have a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. - Q: What are the prime numbers less than 50?
A: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47. - Q: What is the LCM of 10 and 15?
A: The LCM is 30. - Q: How do you solve problems involving LCM and HCF in real life?
A: Use LCM to find common multiples for scheduling, and HCF to determine common factors for sharing. - Q: Is 21 a prime number?
A: No, 21 is a composite number because it has more than two factors. - Q: What is the HCF of 42 and 56?
A: The HCF is 14. - Q: How do you find the prime numbers in a set?
A: Check each number to see if it has only two distinct factors: 1 and itself.
Presentation:
Step 1: Review basic concepts of odd and even numbers, and introduce prime numbers.
Step 2: Explain and demonstrate how to find the LCM and HCF of numbers.
Step 3: Solve real-life problems involving prime numbers, LCM, and HCF.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Demonstrate the identification of prime numbers and the calculation of LCM and HCF using examples.
- Provide practice problems and guide pupils through solving them.
- Use number charts and flashcards to illustrate concepts.
Learners’ Activities:
- Solve problems involving prime numbers, LCM, and HCF on worksheets.
- Participate in discussions and problem-solving exercises related to real-life applications of these concepts.
Assessment:
- The number 12 is __________.
- The prime numbers less than 20 are __________.
- The HCF of 24 and 30 is __________.
- The LCM of 9 and 12 is __________.
- The number 18 is __________.
- The LCM of 5 and 15 is __________.
- The HCF of 40 and 60 is __________.
- The number 31 is __________.
- The LCM of 7 and 14 is __________.
- The HCF of 21 and 28 is __________.
- The prime numbers less than 50 include __________.
- The LCM of 8 and 10 is __________.
- The number 50 is __________.
- The HCF of 35 and 50 is __________.
- The LCM of 4 and 9 is __________.
Evaluation Questions:
- What is the prime number between 30 and 40?
- The HCF of 60 and 80 is __________.
- The LCM of 11 and 22 is __________.
- Identify the prime numbers less than 15.
- The HCF of 54 and 72 is __________.
- What is the LCM of 12 and 18?
- The prime number less than 25 are __________.
- What is the HCF of 27 and 36?
- The LCM of 14 and 21 is __________.
- The number 99 is __________.
- Identify the LCM of 20 and 25.
- What is the HCF of 44 and 88?
- The number 2 is __________.
- The prime numbers between 20 and 30 include __________.
- The HCF of 16 and 32 is __________.
Conclusion:
The teacher will review pupils’ answers, provide feedback, and correct any misunderstandings. Pupils will discuss how they used prime numbers, LCM, and HCF in real-life problems and reflect on their learning.
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